Pesticide Handling and Regulations, Exams of Agricultural engineering

Download Pesticide Handling and Regulations and more Exams Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Pesticide Applicators License Restricted Use Pesticides - A pesticide that poses more risk and could cause some human injury or environmental damage even when used as directed on the label. Commercial applicators - Persons who apply or use a pesticide or device on any property of another person for compensation. Public applicators - Persons who apply pesticides as part of their duties as employees of a state agency, county, municipal corporation, or other governmental agency. Noncommercial applicators - Persons who apply restricted use pesticides on land or property owned, rented, or leased by the applicator or the applicator's employer. Private applicators - Persons who apply any restricted use pesticides for the production of an agricultural commodity on property owned or rented by themselves or their employers, or on the property of other agricultural producers with whom they trade services. Certified handlers - Persons employed by a licensed commercial applicator, noncommercial applicator, public applicator, or pesticide dealer who handle pesticides in other than unopened containers for the purpose of preparing, mixing, or loading pesticides for application by another person, repackaging bulk pesticides, or disposing of pesticide-related wastes from these activities. Certified applicator - A person certified by the IDALS to use pesticides as a private, public, or commercial applicator. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) - Regulates the production, transporation, sale, use, and disposal of all pesticides. 2 Residues - Pesticides may remain in small amounts in or on fruits, vegetables, grains, other foods, and animal feed. Measure in ppm (parts per million), ppb, ppt. Tolerances - Allowable residue levels; Safe tolerance: reasonable certainty of no harm Federal Food. Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) - Federal law regulating the amount of pesticide residues contained on commodities and food. Application rate - The amount of pesticide applied to a site; usually expressed as a liquid or dry measure per unit area. Preharvest interval - Part of the pesticide label that defines the number of days after application of a pesticide before a crop can be harvested. Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA) - Federal law that significantly altered portions of both FIFRA and FFDCA. Changes included in the Act are revised definitions for safe pesticide tolerances for raw and processed foods. Worker Protection Standard (WPS) - A set of regulations from the EPA aimed at reducing the risk of pesticide poisonings, injuries, and exposure to agricultural workers and handlers. Endangered Species Act (ESA) - A program for the Endangered Species in Iowa - 7 animals, 5 plant species Endangered species - A species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. 5 Mechanical control - Control of pests by physical means such as the use of cultivators, mowers, and traps. Cultural control - Control measures including modification of the planting, cultivating, and harvesting of plants aimed at prevention of pest damage. Sanitation - Eliminating potential sources of infestation to prevent a pest problem. Quarantine/eradication - Regulations to prevent the entry of pests into pest-free areas. Chemical controls - Reduction of pest populations or prevention of pest injury by the use of materials that kill, poison, attract to other devices, or repel pests. Pesticide - A chemical used to directly control pest populations or to prevent or reduce pest damage. Site of action - The target protein within an organism where a pesticide binds and acts. Mode of action - A description of how a pesticide exerts a toxic effect on a target pest and what specific system are affected in the pest. A pest..... competes with Injures Spreads disease to Annoys - human, plants, and animals 6 humans, plants, animals, and structures humans, plants, animals humans, animals A chemical that kills, prevents, or controls a pest - Pesticide How are Pesticides Regulated? - Federally by US EPA What are the federal laws regulated by the EPA for pesticides called: Act - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) What are the risks of Pesticides? - -Human health effects -Environmental Impacts -Impact non-target organisms What are the benefits of Pesticides? - -Food production -Invasive Pest Management -Reduction of Disease Transmitted by Pests What are the four data requirements? - TEEE -Toxicological tests -Efficacy Tests -Environmental Fate -Environmental Impacts 7 EPA's Responsibilities (3) - -Pesticide Label -States must license applicators -Reregistration Types of Registration Section 3: - Standard label Types of Registration Restricted use vs. General Use - Restricted Use: need license General Use: Anyone can use Types of Registration Special Local Needs: - federal label does not have the crop listed, SLN label generated for the specific use in the state Types of Registration: Emergency Exemptions - Types of Registration EPA Exempt Pesticides: - Section 25 (b) exempt from registration process-don't go through efficacy tests Types of Registration Experimental Use Permits - A pesticide can be registered by and - EPA 10 2. EPA WPS Signs EPA WPS - EPA worker protection standard 2 Changes to pesticide labels from the EPA WPS in 2015 - 1. Ag Use Requirements box on label 2. restricted entry What are the basic needs for pests? (4) - 1. Food 2. Water 3. Shelter 4. is the first step in pest management - Identification 3 body parts of an insect - head thorex abdomen How many legs does an insect have? - 3 or less Exoskeletons contain - chitin The change that takes place before the young insect assumes the adult form - Metamorphosis Complete vs. Gradual Metamorphosis - Complete: 4 distinct life stages 11 Gradual: 3 distinct life stages Weeds are - pests High seed production, vegetative reproduction, adaptability, and successful competition are characteristics of - weeds Annual - full life cycle in a year Biennial - two year life cycle Perennials - live more than two years Pathogens are - microorganisms 3 Types of Microorganism that can cause plant diseases - -Bacteria -Fungi -Viruses Disease Pyramid (4) - susceptible host time casual agent favorable environment Example of vertabrate pests - Mice rates 12 birds Herbicide - kills unwanted vegetation Avicides - controls birds Harvest Aids - chemicals we apply to crops to make it easier to harvest Insecticides attack the and disrupt development. - nervous system Herbicides inhibit growth and disrupt - seedling photosynthesis Fungicides damage - cell membranes Rodenticides are - anticoagulant (having the effect of retarding or inhibiting the coagulation of the blood) Selective vs. Nonselective - Selective: hits weeds but not grass Non-selective: kills all the plants Contact vs. Systemic - Contact: applied to foliage systemic: goes through the roots What are the categories of pesticide formulations - Dry Liquid 15 -buy small amount -retain potency D: -inhalation hazard -explosion hazard -cost Advantages and Disadvantages of Fumigants - A: -kill wide range of pests -penetrate hard to reach areas D: -hazard to applicator and others -need to enclose treated area Risk/Benefit Analysis - EPA compares the risks of using a pesticide verses the benefits of using a pesticide Risk= x - toxicity exposure The quality of being poisonous having harmful effects - Toxicity What are the four routes of Entry - 1. Eyes 2. Skin-most likely 3. Lungs 4. Oral-least likely 16 Factors that influence Skin Absorption - 1. Formulation 2. Body Area 3. Skin Condition Acute vs. Chronic Exposure - Acute: short term exposure Chronic: long term exposure Acute effects occur within Chronic effects occur after - 24 hours occur after a day, weeks, months, ect. Contact Effects vs. Systemic Effects - Contact: local Systemic: occur all over Organophosphates and Carbamates inhibit - cholinesterase Symptoms of inhibition of cholinesterase - headache dizziness nausea fatigue blurred vision sweating salivation muscle twiching 17 Amount of toxicant required to kill 50% of a test population of animals under a set of standard conditions - LD50 concentration of the toxicant in the air that killed 50% of the test population animals - LC50 Oral Test LD50 - single dose Dermal test LD50 - 24 hour exposure Inhalation test LC50 - 4 hour exposure What is the test species typically for an LD50 test? - rat The difference between California laws and DPR regulations is that laws are A. Passed by County Agricultural Commissioners and regulations are passed by the California legislature B. Passed by the California legislature and regulations are adopted by DPR to carry out the laws C. Supplements to federal regulations D. Adopted by DPR to carry out regulations signed by the Governor - Which of the following is not one of the purposes of California's pesticide and pest control laws and regulations? ❏ A. Protecting workers from pesticide exposure ❏ B. Providing proper, safe, and effective use of pesticides 20 5. Which of the following is considered a supplemental label? ❏ A. Sales literature distributed by the pesticide registrant ❏ B. A sample of a pesticide label produced by the registrant ❏ C. Literature containing use and maintenance directions for application equipment ❏ D. A pamphlet containing use directions pesticide restrictions that is attached to the container - D. A pamphlet containing use directions pesticide restrictions that is attached to the container On a pesticide label the signal word is? A. Signifies the relative acute toxicity of the pesticide product B. Identifies the formulation of pesticide product C. Warns of the potential crop damage level D. Identifies relative effectiveness or control level - A.Signifies the relative acute toxicity of the pesticide product The precautionary statements section of the label contains information about the A. Application rate B. Crops on which the product can be applied C. Relative toxicity of the product 21 D. Hazards to people and domestic animals - D. Hazards to people and domestic animals Plant-back restrictions are found in the section of the pesticide label ❏ A. Precautionary statements ❏B. Statementofpracticaltreatment ❏ C. Contents ❏ D. Directions for use - D. Directions for use Making an application of a pesticide product at a rate less than specified in its label directions is ❏A. Always allowed. ❏ B. Illegal. ❏C. Allowed only if you obtain written authorization from the County Agricultural Commissioner. ❏ D. Allowed only if the product is tank mixed. - A. Always allowed. Exceeding the maximum application rate of a pesticide product as per its label is A. Always allowed. B. illegal. C. Allowed only if you obtain written authorization from the County Agricultural Commissioner. 22 D. Allowed only if the product is tank mixed with another similar product. - B.illegal. U.S. EPA may classify a pesticide as a re- stricted use pesticide if it ❏ A. Is ineffective unless used at twice the label-recommended rate. ❏ B. Presents a significant dermal hazard to applicators. ❏ C. Leaves visible residues on treated surfaces. ❏ D. Does not break down within 7 days. - B. Presents a significant dermal hazard to applicators. Any person in California who applies or supervises the application of a restricted material must ❏ A. Attend 20 hours of special training. ❏ B. Notify the local UC Cooperative Extension advisor before making or supervising an application. ❏ C. Obtain a medical release from a physician. ❏D. Be a DPR-certified commercial or private applicator. - Be a DPR-certified commercial or private applicator. Which two documents must individuals who are engaged in pest control for hire have avai-lable when making an agricultural use application of a pesticide that requires a permit? ❏ A. Copies of their pest control business license and the applicable UC Pest Management Guideline. ❏ B. Copies of the applicable UC Pest Manage- ment Guideline and copy of the current restricted materials permit. 25 ❏ D. Requires no further restrictions beyond those imposed by federal regulations and the label. - ❏ D. Requires no further restrictions beyond those imposed by federal regulations and the label. Which of the following pest control requires a DPR pest control business license? ❏ A. Preservative treatment of fabrics or structural materials. ❏ B. Household or industrial sanitation services. ❏ C. Control of tree pests. ❏ D. Structural pest control. - C. Control of tree pests. Which of the following qualifications must a person have to be responsible for the pest control operations of a pest control business? ❏ A. Pest control business license. ❏ B. Qualified applicator license. ❏ C. Pest control adviser license. ❏ D. County Agricultural Commissioner license. - B. Qualified applicator license. 3. A pest control business that has one or more employees must have ❏ A. At least two service vehicles. ❏ B. Workers' compensation insurance. ❏ C. 24-hour phone service. ❏ D. A permit from the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment. - B. Workers' compensation insurance. 26 4. A pest control business must be registered with the ❏ A. County Board of Supervisors in the county where the business operates. ❏ B. Department of Industrial Relations. ❏ C. Department of Pesticide Regulation. ❏ D. County Agricultural Commissioner in counties where the business operates. - D. County Agricultural Commissioner in counties where the business operates. 5. Each piece of mixing and application equip- ment owned by a pest control business must be ❏ A. Painted a conspicuous color. ❏ B. Given a special identification number. ❏ C. Regularly approved by the County Agricultural Commissioner. ❏ D. Marked with the name of the business or other similar wording. - D. Marked with the name of the business or other similar wording Before making a pesticide application on some- one's property, a pest control business must ❏ A. Obtain permission from the operator of the property. ❏ B. File a "Notice of Intent" with the County Agricultural Commissioner. ❏ C. Give notice to anyone living within 1/4 mile of the application. 27 ❏ D. Mark off the treatment area with yellow "caution" tape. - A. Obtain permission from the operator of the property. Any emergency or accidental release of pesticides involving a pest control business must be reported to the ❏ A. Department of Food and Agriculture. ❏ B. Department of Pesticide Regulation. ❏ C. County Agricultural Commissioner. ❏ D. County General Services. - C. County Agricultural Commissioner. Before a pest control business applies a pes- ticide for the production of an agricultural commodity, the property operator must provide the business with ❏ A. A detailed map of the application site. ❏ B. Their operator identification number. ❏ C. A pesticide use report. ❏ D. A copy of the property's liability insurance policy. - B. Their operator identification number. Which type of pesticide application for hire is not covered under the provisions of a Maintenance Gardener Pest Control Busi- ness license? ❏ A. Spraying an herbicide in a cemetery. ❏ B. Applying snail bait supplied by the home- owner around the homeowner's property 30 ❏ A. 10 feet ❏ B. 15 feet ❏ C. 25 feet ❏ D. 50 feet - ❏ C. 25 feet 3. A service container that is used to hold a pesticide or pesticide mixture is ❏ A. The original pesticide container. ❏ B. Any other legal container other than the original labeled pesticide container. ❏ C. A special heavy-duty container provided by the pesticide manufacturer. ❏ D. A returnable container approved by the Department of Pesticide Regulation. - ❏ B. Any other legal container other than the original labeled pesticide container. Which of the following information is not re- quired to be on the label of a service container? ❏ A. Identity of the pesticide in the container. ❏ B. Signal word from the label of the original container. ❏ C. Name of the manufacturer of the pesticide in the service container. ❏ D. Name and address of the person or firm responsible for the container. - ❏ C. Name of the manufacturer of the pesticide 31 in the service container. 5. It is illegal to store pesticides in ❏ A. Service containers. ❏ B. Original pesticide containers. ❏ C. Spray equipment that is properly identified with labeling. ❏ D. Containers that are commonly used for food, drink, or household products. - ❏ D. Containers that are commonly used for food, drink, or household products. Pesticides being carried in the back of a vehicle such as a truck must be properly secured in order to: ❏ A. Prevent theft. ❏ B. Allow other items to be transported with them. ❏ C. Prevent spills into or off of the vehicle. ❏ D. Comply with Food Quality Protection Act regulation - ❏ C. Prevent spills into or off of the vehicle. Empty pesticide bags can be handled and disposed of as non-hazardous waste as long as they - have been properly emptied according to DPR's "Guidelines for Emptying and Burning Pesticide Bags 32 Proper rinsing of an empty container involves - Partially filling an empty pesticide container with water, shaking, and draining the contents into the spray tank, then repeating this process at least two more times. Which containers that have held pesticides are exempt from the container storage, triple rinsing, or disposal requirements in regulation. - Containers that hold home use pesticides in the possession of the homeowners on their own property. 1. The specific application information that an agricultural property operator must provide to workers at a central location include all the following except the ❏ A. Identification of the treated area. ❏ B. Name or description of the pest. ❏ C. Product name. ❏ D. Date and time of application. - ❏ B. Name or description of the pest. 2. Which of the following is not one of the handler employee training requirements? ❏ A. Environmental concerns such as drift, runoff, and wildlife hazards. ❏ B. The location of pesticide purchase receipts. ❏ C. Warnings about taking pesticides or pesticide containers home. ❏ D. How to obtain emergency medical care. - ❏ B. The location of pesticide purchase receipts. Engineering controls for handling pesticides include ❏ A. Water retention basins. 35 ❏ A. Makes personal contact by radio with a respon- sible adult at least every hour. ❏ B. Makes personal contact by radio with a respon- sible adult at least every two hours. ❏ C. Carries a cellular telephone at all times. ❏ D. Receives special training. - ❏ A. Makes personal contact by radio with a respon- sible adult at least every hour. Decontamination facilities must be equipped at a minimum with ❏ A. Soap, single-use towels, and high pressure water for emergency washing. ❏ B. Sufficient water, soap, and single-use towels for routine washing of the hands and face, and emergency washing of the entire body. ❏ C. Soap, single use towels, and enough water for routine hand washing and emergency washing of the face. ❏ D. Single-use towels, soap, warm water, and one pint of water for eye washing. - ❏ B. Sufficient water, soap, and single-use towels for routine washing of the hands and face, and emergency washing of the entire body. are responsible for providing for the laundering of coveralls used by pesticide handler employees. ❏ A. Employees. ❏ B. Commercial laundries. ❏ C. Field supervisors. ❏ D. Employers. - ❏ D. Employers. 12. An exception to the DPR-regulation requiring employee handlers to wear eye protection when handling pesticides is when 36 ❏ A. The pesticide label requires the use of goggles. ❏ B. Using a pressurized closed mixing system. ❏ C. Conducting all hand application operations. ❏ D. Working in an enclosed cab. - ❏ D. Working in an enclosed cab. Pesticide handler employees must always wear chemical-resistant gloves except when ❏ A. Mixing or loading pesticides. ❏ B. The pesticide label specifies that gloves must not be worn. ❏ C. Repairing contaminated application equipment. ❏ D. Using a backpack sprayer to spray weeds with an herbicide. - ❏ B. The pesticide label specifies that gloves must not be worn. Which of the following procedures is not required in a written pesticide respirator program? ❏ A. Selecting and fitting the respirator. ❏ B. Repairing damaged respirator cartridges. ❏ C. Cleaning and sanitizing the respirator. ❏ D. Inspecting and maintaining the respiratory equipment. - ❏ B. Repairing damaged respirator cartridges. 15. Handlers who properly mix pesticides packaged in water-soluble packets are considered to be using 37 ❏ A. Personal protective equipment. ❏ B. Non-engineering control devices. ❏ C. A passive rinsing system. ❏ D. A closed mixing system. - ❏ D. A closed mixing system. When must pesticide safety training be given to field workers? ❏ A. Within one month after they begin work. ❏ B. Immediately after each pesticide application. ❏ C. Before they are allowed to work in a treated field. ❏ D. When field workers request training. - ❏ C. Before they are allowed to work in a treated field. How often must field workers receive pesti- cide safety training? ❏ A. Every year. ❏ B. Every two years. ❏ C. Every four years. ❏ D. Every five years. - ❏ D. Every five years. Who is qualified to provide training to field workers in California? ❏ A. A person who has completed an approved instructor-training program. ❏ B. Another field worker who attended a field worker training session. 40 When there is an inconsistency between the regulation-specified REI and the label-specified REI, you must always ❏ A. Average the two restricted-entry intervals. ❏ B. Follow the regulation-specified interval. ❏ C. Follow the label-specified interval. ❏ D. Use the longer interval. - ❏ D. Use the longer interval. 10. Which of the following is one of the restric- tions for employees entering a pesticide- treated area before the REI expires to conduct limited-contact activities? ❏ A. At least 12 hours have elapsed since the application was completed. ❏ B. The label requires posting and oral notification of employees. ❏ C. Each employee spends no more than eight hours in any 24-hour period in the treated field. ❏ D. Employees are wearing long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and shoes and socks. - ❏ C. Each employee spends no more than eight hours in any 24-hour period in the treated field. Which of the following would be considered a no contact activity in a pesticide-treated area in which the REI has not expired? ❏ A. Performing hand labor activities. ❏ B. Limited-contact irrigation activities. ❏ C. Adjusting or repairing the pesticide sprayer. ❏ D. Operating a tractor from an enclosed cab. - ❏ D. Operating a tractor from an enclosed cab. 12. When using posting as a method of notifi- cation about a pesticide REI, posting signs must be placed no further apart than 41 ❏ A. 100 feet. ❏ B. 250 feet. ❏ C. 500 feet. ❏ D. 600 feet. - ❏ D. 600 feet. When the pesticide label requires eye protection, employers must also provide each early-entry worker with ❏ A. Sunglasses. ❏ B. At least one pint of eye flush water. ❏ C. Three pairs of goggles. ❏ D. Prescription eye drops. - ❏ B. At least one pint of eye flush water. Which of the following is not an employer responsibility before allowing employees into a treated field after completion of a pesticide application and while a REI is in effect? ❏ A. Providing instructions on where and how to store personal protective equipment at home. ❏ B. Providing all required personal protective equipment. ❏ C. Providing instructions to employees to wash thoroughly at the end of the exposure period. ❏ D. Providing information on recognizing, preventing, and giving first aid for heat-related illnesses. - ❏ A. Providing instructions on where 42 and how to store personal protective equipment at home. Employers must provide and require employ- ees to wear approved respiratory equipment when ❏ A. Fumigant concentrations are kept below the Permissible Exposure Limit. ❏ B. Fumigant concentrations are controlled at safe levels. ❏ C. The fumigants being used are non-toxic to people. ❏ D. Fumigant concentrations cannot be controlled. - ❏ D. Fumigant concentrations cannot be controlled. A fumigation accident response plan must be located ❏ A. In the employer's files. ❏ B. On the employee bulletin board. ❏ C. At each work site. ❏ D. In one of the employees' vehicles - ❏ C. At each work site. When a fumigated enclosed space is being entered to facilitate aeration, how many trained employees must be present? ❏ A. None. ❏ B. One. ❏ C. Two. 45 ❏ A. Defined differently in each county depending on local treatment area and surface water condi- tions. ❏ B. An area of surface water protected from pesticide run off from treatment areas by at least 150 feet of impermeable soil. ❏ C. Considered to mean any pesticide treatment site that is completely surrounded by surface water. ❏ D. Any treatment area that does not produce pesticide run off that can enter any surface water, such as in an irrigation canal or drainage ditch. - D. Any treatment area that does not produce pesticide run off that can enter any surface water, such as in an irrigation canal or drainage ditch. 3. The Healthy Schools Act is a ❏ A. Federal program with requirements to promote integrated pest management to protect non- pest species from pesticides applied on grounds. ❏ B. California legislative mandate to protect children and staff from pesticide exposure in certain schools and child care facilities. ❏ C. State mandated program that covers only schools and child care facilities located on State property. ❏ D. Federal program that covers all schools and child care facilities that receive any federal funding. - ❏ B. California legislative mandate to protect children and staff from pesticide exposure in certain schools and child care facilities. When a pest control business must meet requirements in the Healthy Schools Act, the pest control business shall 46 ❏ A. Submit a specific form to report weekly pest control activity conducted at all schools or day care facilities. ❏ B. Complete and post an annual pest control notice at all entrances of K-12 schools and all child care facilities. ❏ C. Provide specialized notification and pesticide safety training for all interested persons working at schools and day care facilities serviced by the pest control business. ❏ D. Submit a school and child care pesticide use report to DPR at least annually. - ❏ D. Submit a school and child care pesticide use report to DPR at least annually. The goal of the use requirements in the ground water protection regulations is to ❏ A Minimize the impact of rainfall on pesticides applied to orchards. ❏ B. Encourage the use of mechanical weed control in ground water protection areas. ❏ C. Reduce run off and leaching of certain pesticides into ground water. ❏ D. Discourage the use of restricted materials on soils that contain water wells - ❏ C. Reduce run off and leaching of certain pesticides into ground water. ❏ A. Accurately record and track pesticide use by location during the rainy season. ❏ B. Prohibit use of pesticide products that are identi- fied as generators of volatile organic compounds. ❏ C. Control run off and drift of dormant season pesticides applied to tree and vine crops. ❏ D. Provide local County Agricultural Commissioners with pre-application notification of all pesticides applied just prior to and after rain fall. - ❏ C. Control run off and drift of dormant season pesticides applied to tree and vine crops. Under the Endangered Species Act, the is responsible for ensuring that reg- istered pesticides will not harm endangered species or their habitats. 47 ❏ A. California Department of Pesticide Regulation. ❏ B. U.S. Department of Agriculture. ❏ C. California Environmental Protection Agency. ❏ D. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. - ❏ D. U.S. Environmental Protection Age Protection of endangered or threatened plants or animals is prioritized by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency according to ❏ A. Location in relation to agricultural sites. ❏ B. Type of organism. ❏ C. Vulnerability of each endangered or threatened organism. ❏ D. Distribution of each endangered or threatened organism throughout the U.S - ❏ C. Vulnerability of each endangered or threatened A minimal exposure pesticide is a pesticide ❏ A. That can be handled by anyone with the potential for little or no exposure. ❏ B. With labeling instructions that do not mitigate specific hazards. ❏ C. With labeling instructions that mitigate specific hazards. ❏ D. That will not cause significant human health or environmental injury. - ❏ B. With labeling instructions that do not mitigate specific hazards. 50 Describe the damage caused or nuisance created by clothes moths in structures. - They can infest clothes and damage fabrics Describe various management methods for clothes moths. - Keep humidity low, clean storage areas, construction that is free of tiny cracks and crevices help to keep fewer moths. Describe silverfish and firebrats that are pests in buildings in California. - One of the most primitive pest, long lived taking two years to fully grow, they gain entry in to buildings through openings in foundations or around pipes, wires, boxes, books, papers and other items brought in from outside. Describe crickets that are pests in buildings in California. - The house cricket is the most common, Also the field cricket. Describe the damage caused or nuisance created by crickets in structures. - They are destructive to silk and woolens. And produce a annoying chirping sound Describe various management methods for crickets. - Seal cracks, possibly use a vacuum, remove seeds, weeds and other debris, change outside lighting to sodium vapor, lights that are less attractive to them. List common pests of stored food products. - Birds, rodents, fungi, rodents, mites, weevils, beetles, moths, silverfish, firebrats, booklice Explain how birds are pests of stored food. - They contaminate stored foods with there feces and feathers which may contain salmonella and fungal spores. Describe various management methods for birds. - Exclude them from storage areas, install nets or strips of plastic or fiber to block entry, close vents, remove or modify ledges that serve as roosting sites. Maintain good sanitation 51 Explain how rodents are pests of stored food - They can chew through wood and other materials to get to food, they contaminate food and stored goods with there feces, urine, and hair. Describe various management methods for rodents. - Exclusion which is most important, Seal openings. Use heavy wire and screen to stop them from digging or climbing there way in to a structure. Sanitation, clean up all spills, eliminating outdoor weeds and shrubs can help too. Explain how fungi and other microorganisms are pests of stored food. - When stored products become wet or moist bacteria, slime molds, yeast and fungi can build. Describe various management methods for fungi and other microorganisms. - Number one management method is controlling moisture. Describe insect pests of stored products. - Beetles, weevils, moths. Sawtooth grain beetle, merchant grain beetle Describe the damage caused by insect pests of stored products - They damage and contaminate stored products which results in money loss Describe various management methods for insect pests of stored products. - Inspection and monitoring for them Sanitation, exclusion, habitat modification, careful use of insecticides Describe mite pests of stored food. - Over 112 species they feed on cheese, flour, grains, fruits, meats, cereal, dog food, cat food. They contaminate food with living and dead mites cast skins and fecal matter. Mites can change nutritional value of food with contamination. Describe factors in the environment that may affect fumigants used in a variety of structures. - Moisture and air circulation 52 Describe various management methods for stored-product mites - Detecting mice can be hard but once you do, remove debris and mite eggs, inspect materials before storing. Destroy contaminated products that you find. Use miticide to destroy eggs Moderate poisoning effects - Inability to walk, weakness, chest discomfort, constriction of pupils, mild symptoms Mild poisoning effects - Fatigue, headache, dizziness, blurred vision, excessive sweating salivation, nausea and vomiting stomach cramps and diarrhea How to avoid major exposure issues - Keep exposure low periods of no exposure between applicants of the same class What are signal words? - Alert user to presence of a hazard danger, caution, warning Danger Definition - Fatal if swallowed may cause blindness if swallowed causes irreversible damage Water soluble bags - Dissolvable bag you place in mixing container and add water must have ample mixing time to allow bag to fully dissolve Mechanical systems are good for? - Reduce risk of exposure made up of a series of components from several commercial sources removes product from container by gravity or suction What is adjulant - A chemical that effects how a pesticide works may increase effectiveness or saftey What is a route of entry statement? - Statements that indicate which routs of entry are particularly hazardous 55 Provides more accurate measurement of pesticide concentrate reducing overdosing and under dosing Dry and solid formulations - Two types of this 1 dry ready to use 2 concentrate Local effects on body - Skin discoloration, irritation, itching, redness, rashes, blisters and burns Swelling stinging and burning of eyes, mouth or throat Systematic effects on body - Poising effects that occur at sites other then the entry point of the body Allergic effects - Hyper sensitivity to a specific substance often called allergen may cause dermatitis, blisters, hives and itching of the eyes What are other formulations - Not easily classified as liquid or solid Formulated or applied as gasses Special packaging Require use of specialized equipment Specific temp requirements Tolerance - The maximum pesticide residue limit that may legally remain on or in treated crops or animal products sold for food or feed When storing pesticides - Find out how to store it properly understand any special precautions to prevent fir hazards Legally mixing pesticides - You can mix pesticide and fertilizer or two or more pesticides unless the manufacturer prohibits the mixing of one with another 56 Pest management methods - Biological control Chemical control Cultural control Mechanical/physical control Regulatory control Integrated pest management - A pest management strategy that utilizes methods or tactics the goal of this strategy is to prevent pests from reaching economically or aesthetically damaging levels with the least risk to the environment Why practice IPM - 1 Helps keep balanced ecosystem 2 Pesticides can be ineffective 3 IPM can save money 4 Promotes a healthy environment 5 Maintains a good public image LB? - Liquid baits rodenticide baits are mixed with water places in specifically designed bait stations Smoke and fog generators - Sold under pressure not packaged used in machines that break the liquid formulation RTU aerosol formulations - Usually small self contained units release pesticide when valve is triggered Components of IPM - 1 Identify the pest and understand its biology 2 Monitor the pest to be managed 3 Develop a goal 4 Implement a program 57 5 Record and evaluate The four main groups of pests - Weeds undesirable plants Invertebrates Disease agents or pathogens Vertebrates Hand carried back pack applicants - Many ways to get exposed through bad equipment when you can make sure you can walk backwards or beside the lawn your spraying and not on it if you lave to walk through it wear shin or knee high rubber boots Restricted use pesticide - For retail sale and use only by certified applicators or persons under there direct supervision and only for uses covered by certified applicators certification Acute toxicity - Injury or illness produced from a single exposure LD 50 value - The lower the value the less it takes to kill 50% or the population of the test animlas Ready to use (RTU) - Low concentrate solutions often 1% or less active ingredient C, LC or WSC/WSL? - Concentrated solutions require dilution before applied most are diluted with water check label dollar spot, fairy ring, and rust are examples of turfgrass diseases caused by - fungi which of the following is not a perennial turfgrass weed- creeping spurge, creeping woodsorrel, nutsedge, and california burclover - nutsedge 60 which of the following is a sucking pest? A) aphid B) Curculio C) grasshopper D) tomato hornworm - curculio a good source of general information about the control of pests on ornamentals is - the local office of the university of california cooperative extension office (farm advisors office) which of the following has chewing mouthparts? A) aphid B) earwig C) lygus bug D) whitefly - earwig the disease process caused by the establishment of a microorganism within the tissues of a host plant is called - infection the damage to plants caused by air pollution is generally most apparent on the: (which part of the plant) - leaves sulfur is considered to be both a fungicide and a ? - miticide if a liquid formulation of a concentrated, highly toxic pesticide gets into your eyes, you should? - rinse your eyes with clean water for 10-15 minutes; seek medical attention 61 the signal word "WARNING" indicated the pesticide is . - moderately toxic it is a conflict with the label if you: A) increase the specified dosage rate per unit treated B) decrease the concentration of the mixture applied C) apply the pesticide at a frequency less than specified D) mix with another pesticide or with a fertilizer, unless such mixture is prohibited - increase the specified dosage rate per unit treated which of the following is more readily absorbed through the eyes and skin as compared to powders? A) slurry B) microencapsulated formulations C) emulsifiable concentrates D) granular formulations - emulsifiable concentrations requirements on the pesticide label include: A) a caution or warning statement that will be adequate to prevent injury to humans, animals, and useful vegetation if complied with B) product name, the identification of each active ingredient, and adequate instructions for use c) the EPA registration number d) all of the above - all of the above if you accidently splash a pesticide which is noncorrosive or petroleum-based into your mouth and swallow it, you should immediately: A) induce vomiting, then seek medical attention b) drink plenty of water to dilute the pesticide, then seek medical attention c) do nothing but drive to your doctors office and seek medical attention 62 d) do nothing - do nothing, but drive to your doctors office and seek medical attention all of the following basic safety precations to avoid exposure to pesticides should be used except: a) plan and execute your operation to avoid spray drift and drop from sprayed surfaces b) keep as much skin area as possible protecteed, since dermal exposure is a particularly great hazard. c) when opening a new container, try to determine if it has a characteristic odor d) use the recommended protective equipment - when opening a new container, try to determine if it has a characteristic odor when transporting pesticides, you must never A) cover paper or cardboard containers when necessary to protect them from moisture b) transport the pesticides in the same compartment with persons, food or feed present c) secure pesticide containers to prevent spillage d) all of the above - transport the pesticides in the same compartment with persons, food or feed present which of the following must be present if a parasitic disease is to occur? a) a susceptible host b) an infectious agent c) an environment conducive to disease d) all of the above - a susceptible host the minimum equipment useful and essential for diagnostic field work in studying plant diseases include a) hand lense, video camera, soil-sampling tube, and a waterproof plastic bag b) hand lens, insect sweep net, a pair of gloves, and a jar or other suitable container 65 b) eradicants c)anticoagulants d) therapeutants - a wheat streak mosaic and tomacco mosaic are diseases caused by? - viruses are systemic pathogens that live and multiply only within living cells of a host. - viruses the following disease is caused by a nematode: A) root knot b) rose mosaic c) crown gall d) birch line pattern - root knot rusts are caused by: A) fungi b) bacteria c) viruses d) both a and b - fungi the most commonly used herbicides used to kill weeds at the seed germination stage in a nursery site are: A) preplant herbicides b) postplant herbicides c) preemergence herbicides d) post emergence herbicides - preemergence herbicides 66 what type of herbicides kill the plant parts to which the chemical is applied: a) contact b) nonselective c) systemic d) selective - contact pesticides that consist of bacteria, fungi or viruses used for controlling weeds and invertebrates are classified as: a) organophosphates b)organochlorines c) michrobials d) pyrethiroids - microbials which of the following is a good choice to use if the treated area is accessible to the public, easy to use, and unlikely to harm nontarget organisms? A) Dusts b) emulsifiable concentrates c) low concentration solutions d) fumigants - fumigants you should recalibrate your spray equipment: a) anytime you change pesticides or location, or if the equipment has not been used for a long time b) if the equipment you have been using regularly may be wearing out c) anytime you change parts, such as nozzles or hoses d) all of the above - all of the above 67 which of the following insects are considered to be beneficial to the home and garden environment: a) lacewings b) jerusalem crickets c) minute pirate bugs d) a and c only - lacewings many caterpillar species are killed by natural outbreaks of disease; diseases caused by are the most common - fungi bacillus thuringiensis is currently used to kill only the of moths and butterflies - larva trichogramma wasps attack the stage of many moths and butterflies - egg with the exception of maintenance gardener pest control businesses, pest control businesses applying a pesticide on turf, in landscapes, or in interiorscapes shall have an individual on staff who has what kind of a license? - Qualified applicator license in the landscape maintenance pest control category prior to a golf course property operator being allowed to use or supervice the use of any agricultural use pestcide the property operator shall first - obtain an operator identification number california pesticide regulations require certain pesticide handlers to use a closed mixing system when mixing more than 1 gallon of any A) pesticide with the label signal world danger or danger and poison with the skull and crossbones symbol B) Pesticide designated by the US environmental protection agency as restricted use or the department of pesticide regulation as restricted material C) liquid pesticide with the label signal word danger or danger and poison with the skull and crossbones symbol 70 A) sanitation B) biological C) exclusion D) Prevention - prevention The potential for pesticides leaching through the soil into ground water increases with? - rainfall photo and drawings are helpful pest identification tools because they often show A) which hosts the pests prefer B) internal structures of the pest C) Unique external structures of the pest D) Ranges of color variations - Unique external structures of teh pest Which part of a plant to nematodes commonly attack? - roots and other underground parts Using plants in a landscape or interiorscape that are resistant to certain pests: A) causes harm to natural enemies B) requires additional cultural controls C) Stimulates the increase of natural enemy populations D) May reduce pesticide use - May reduce pesticide use What method would you use to evaluate the effects of a pesticide application A) reviewing records on file B) Monitoring C) using resources on the internet 71 D) reading the pesticide label - Monitoring Which of the following types of plant disorders cannot be transmitted from one plant to another? A)fungal B) bacterial C) viral D) abiotic - abiotic Powdery mildew on plants is caused by? - A fungus Suppressing a pest population involves: A) spraying an area before the pest appears B) Completely eliminating it C) using only non-chemical control techniques D) keeping the pest population below a certain level - keeping the pest population below a certain level The pesticide information that you must provide to a facility manager before making an application should come primarily from the A) pesticide label B) Material safety data sheet (MSDS) C) applicator safety checklist D) pesticide safety information series (PSIS) - pesticide label Pesticide applications in interiorscape situations involve treating either: A) leaves or stems B) leaves or flower parts 72 C) above ground parts or growing medium D) above ground parts or flower parts - above ground parts or growing medium which of the following is an example of biological control? A) wasps making galls on plants B) beetles consuming dead insects C) fleas feeding on rodents D) predatory insects feeding on aphids - predatory insects on aphids When making a pesticide application on large trees you usually need: A) lowpressure and a rapid application speed B) high pressure and a rapid application speed C) low pressure and a slow application speed D) high pressure and a slow application speed - low pressure and a slow application speed constant use of insecticides on turf or in landscaped areas could lead to: A) plant tolerance B) disruption of natural enemies C) improved pest management D) greater plant vigor - disruption of natural enemies which label signal word indicates a pesticide that is least hazardous to humans? - caution Arrange these label words from least dangerous to most dangerous: Warning/Danger/Caution - caution, warning, danger 75 the information necessary for treating someone exposed to a pesticide is found in the: - precautionary statement section of the pesticide label if someone else inhales pesticide vapors, what should you do? - loosen the victims clothing, restoring breathing if necessary, and seeking medical attention when cleaning up a spilled pesticide the absorbent material and all other contaminated materials must be put into sealed containers and transported to a : - class 1 disposal site dealing with pesticide fires requires: - professionals equipped and trained to fight pesticide fires if the wrong pesticide has been accidentally applied to an area you should notify the: - county of agricultural commissioner pesticide spills should be reported to who? - county agricultural commissioners office in the case of a pesticide fire, you should first contact the: - nearest fire department applying a pesticide that you know is not registered for the site you are treating is an example of? - intentional misapplication nozzle wear can affect the performance of pesticide sprayers by: - causing uneven spray patterns increasing the travel speed of the pesticide sprayer will result in - less spray mixture applied per unit of area an applicators sprayer with a 30 gallon tank will cover 1.25 acres. the applicator plants to apply a pesticide at a label rate of 1.5 pounds per acre. how much of this pesticide will you need? - 1.87 pounds 76 when using poisoned baits for controlling vertebrate pests, how should you place them? - in tamper resistant bait stations how much active ingredient would there be in a 20 pound bag of 25W formulation? - 5 pounds How much active ingredient would there be in a 5 gallon container of a 4E formulation? - 20 pounds which type of application equipment would produce the least amount of pesticide drift? A) rope wick b) backpack sprayer with one nozzle c) boom sprayer with 14 nozzles d) high pressure hand spray gun - rope wick by increasing the nozzle orifice you will produce? what type of droplets? - spray droplets with greater tendency for drift to increase the uniformity of spray droplets: A) use fewer nozzles b) use nozzles designed for the working pressure of your sprayer C) use the maximum pressure setting d) maintain a slow travel speed - use nozzles designed for the working pressure of your sprayer proper equipment calibration could result in A) inadequate pest control B) effective pest control 77 C) unnecessary loss of time and money D) better spray coverage during windy conditions - effective pest control which of the following is a poor reason for calibrating pesticide application equipment? A) faster equipment operation B) effective pest control C) protecting human health, the environment, and treated surfaces D) complying with the law - paster equipment operation for calibration which four factors need to be measured? A) travel speed, sprayer pessure, nozzle height, and number of nozzles D) swatch width, travel speed, sprayer pressure, and size of the area to be treated C) swatch width, travel speed, tank capacity, and sprayer output D) swatch width, travel speed, size of the area to be treated, and nozzle height - C- swath width, travel speed, tank capacity, and sprayer output it takes your equipment 3 minutes to travel 264 feet. what speed is the equipment traveling? - 1 miles per hour How much active ingredient would there be in a 5 gallon container of a 4E formulation? - 20 pounds which insect order includes species known to transmit diseases in humans? - cockroaches (blattodea) which insects include several species of agricultural pests? - heteroptera (true bugs) which insect order includes important livestock pests - heteroptera 80 when is it legally allowable for a pesticide handler to NOT wear protective eyewear? - while repairing cleaned application equipment insect predators and parasites and honey bees are all considered - beneficials a secondary pest is one that - becomes a problem when the pesticide application kills its natural enemies and eliminates competition from primary pest species what criteria do you use to select the PPE for applying a pesticide? - follow the pesticide label requirements applying a pre-emergence herbicide is an example of use of a pesticide - preventative pesticides that are classified as acaricides are used to control what? - mites adding an adjuvant to your spray solution can reduce drift by: - increasing the spray droplet size pesticides that belong to the same chemical group often have similar what? - have similar modes of action which formulation requires no further agitation once it is mixed with water? - emulsifiable concentrate the tendency of ants to take poisoned bait back to the nest: - contributes to he effectiveness of ant baits the capability of a pesticide to control a pest may be influenced by what? - temperature, humidity, and exposure to sunlight 81 a persistent pesticide is one that - remains in its active state in the environment for long periods when choosing a pesticide n important consideration is that it also controls what? - the current life stage of the pest what type of adjacent would you use to enhance the uptake of the pesticide by the target pest? - spreader one advantage of using a ready to use pesticide formulation is that - no mixing is required when properly applied the pesticide formulation with the lowest risk is what kind? - granular when mixing two or more incompatible pesticides the result could be: - inadequate pest control which state agency regulates the selection of proper pesticide container disposal sites? - the state water resources control board when pesticide containers are triple rinsed, the rinse solution should be poured where? - into the spray tank early symptoms of organophosphate poisoning include... - blurred vision and headache what is the active ingredient in a pesticide formulation? - the part of the formulation responsible for controlling or killing the target pests which of the following is a non chemical weed control method? A) fertilization 82 B) controlled burning C) herbicide sprays D) soil incorporation of herbicide granules - controlled burning which of the following factors would have the least effect on the movement of a herbicide from the application site? A) Types of weeds growing on the site in a previous season B) environmental conditions C) types of equipment used to apply D) type of soil - Types of weeds growing on the site in a previous season which of the following best describes a broadleaf plant? A) leaves are broad, not veined, with a tap root or coarse root B) leaves are generally narrow, upright, with parallel veins C) leaves are narrow, net veined, with a tap root or coarse root D) leaves are narrow, net veined, with fibrous root - leaves are broad, net veined, with a tap root or coarse root which of the following is not a growth stage of grasses A) seedling B) vegetative C) seed D) flowering - seed which is usually the best stage for controlling annual weeds with herbicides? A) seedling 85 How to be ready for an emergency? - Practice drills for an emergency and using the equipment. Know where the emergency equipment is at all times and how to use it have phone numbers for local authorities on hand When there is a breach in security - Contact local police when there has possibly been a break in at your facility Emergency development - Make employees aware of emergency plans manage inventory to keep pesticides in a safe stored building Handling personal info - Use internet security keep paper documents in a safe or a filling cabinet How to secure equipment - Keep vehicles and building locked when not in use disable equipment if it is being left in the field for any reason do not allow unauthorized personnel around equipment Securing products - Prevent unauthorized personnel in to the storage or manufacturing area of any products Some applications can be really effective on what creature? - Bees from direct contact during foliar applications Contact with residues on plant surface after applications Drift from the application in to the hive entrance Phytotixicity - Can occur to any part of any plant due to chemical exposure when applied at too high a rate or at the wrong time Texture smooth - High organic content higher water retention and grater adsorption of pesticides 86 Texture coarse - Sand low organic content faster water flow and little adsorption of pesticides allows pesticides to flow fast Soil properties 4 - Texture Structure Organic matter Geology What is leaching? - When pesticides make it through the soil in to ground water Spraying droplet size - Nozzles produce a range of droplet sizes all nozzle sizes allow some drift Thickness of liquid also effects droplet size What are temp inversions - When cool air is close to the ground droplets accumulate in it and can be carried well over a mile from where the pesticide was sprayed and can cause harm when they land What process break down pesticides - Chemical degradation Microbial action Photodegradation Volatility is a pesticide turning in to a gas or a vapor Critical health factor for this job - Personnel hygiene wash your hands when you take your gloves off and shower every day Combination and chemical cartridge and particulate filters - Cartridge or canister disposable N. R or P filter retaining ring A single combination cartridge or canister 87 Using chemical cartridges and canisters properly - Always use the right cartridge a or canister element required by label Any taste or smell indicates a break has occured Types of gloves - A Any water proof material B Only Butyl rubber or barrier C Nitrile, neoprene, polyvinal and four others D Same as B plus vinton E Nitrile, neoprene, laminante or vinton F Buty and same as above fot he rest G and H only barrier laminate Particulate filters are? - Paper filters rated "High efficiency" non powered filters NI osh rated for three levels N series filters not oil resistant R series oil resistant up to eight hours P series are oil proof What are air purified respirators - Non powered particulate Powered air purifying Chemical cartridge Gas masks with canisters What are atmosphere supplying respirators - Supplied air respirator Self contained breathing apparatus