Pharma and P.E reviewer, Study notes of Physical education

Download Pharma and P.E reviewer and more Study notes Physical education in PDF only on Docsity! PHARMACY THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY OF DRUGS Drugs acting on Central Nervous System 1.ANALGESIC – suppresses pain perception without inducing loss of consciousness - medication from headache - it addresses the pain. - Opioids - illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin, Vicodin, codeine, morphine, methadone, and fentanyl. - Epidural- spine/spinal cord - Amid- dental work Drugs: Acetaminophen Aspirin Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen and naproxen. Paracetamol 2. LOCAL ANESTHETIC - drug that eliminates pain perception in limited area by local action on sensory nerves -is usually a one-time injection of medicine that numbs a small area of the body. -is used for procedures such as performing a skin biopsy or breast biopsy, repairing a broken bone, or stitching a deep cut. Drugs: Lidocaine- prevents pain by blocking the signals at the nerve endings in the skin. Emla- cream is an effective and well-tolerated topical anesthetic agent for needle insertion and minor dermatological procedures including laser therapy of birthmarks. 3. ANTICONVULSANT - drug that arrest convulsion by inducing general CNS depression -are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures. -are also increasingly being used in the treatment of bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder, since many seem to act as mood stabilizers, and for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Epilepsy- help the patient (record the time) Drugs: Levetiracetam- sold under the brand name Keppra among others, is a medication used to treat epilepsy. It is used for partial-onset, myoclonic, or tonic–clonic seizures and is taken either by mouth as an immediate or extended release formulation or by injection into a vein. Carbamazepine- sold under the trade name Tegretol among others, is an anticonvulsant medication used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy and neuropathic pain. 4.ANTI-MIGRAINE - drug that reduces incidence sensitivity of migraine vascular headache. -bioavailability- reaches the systemic circulation. - drugs that constrict the brain. -preemptive - It's often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. Migraine - cause of relaxation of the blood vessels. -severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation -prophylaxis- one of the most important treatment approaches for reducing the frequency of recurrent migraine episodes. Drugs: rizatriptan and imigran 5.ANTI-PARKINSONISM – drug that suppresses the neurologic disturbances and symptoms of parkinsonism -/+= magkasama dapat sa isang drug - drugs that increase dopamine - dopamine- converts central brain - neurotransmitters Parkinson’s- abnormal body movement. Adults and elderly Drugs: Entacapone- sold under the brand name Comtan among others, is a medication commonly used in combination with other medications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease -Levodopa + carbidopa 6. ANTIPYRETIC - drug that restores normal body temperature in the presences of fever - fever reducing Hypothalamus- Our internal body temperature is regulated by a part of our brain called the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus checks our current temperature and compares it with the normal temperature of about 37°C. If our temperature is too low, the hypothalamus makes sure that the body generates and maintains heat. Prostaglandins- are hormone-like substances that affect several bodily functions, including inflammation, pain and uterine contractions. Drugs: Paracetamol Aspirin NSAIDs 7. HYPNOTIC – a CNS depressant used to induce sleep. -sedation - pampaantok -hypnosis- pampatulog Drugs: Benzodiazepines - are depressants that produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures. - shown to affect memory, can produce anterograde amnesia -Clonazepam- It is a tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine class. 8. ANXIOLYTIC - drug that suppresses symptoms of Anxiety. Drugs: Flunitrazepam -date rape drugs meaning - they induce anterograde amnesia -illegal -addiction Diazepam- first marketed as Valium, is a medicine of the benzodiazepine family that acts as an anxiolytic. It is commonly used to treat a range of conditions, including anxiety, seizures, alcohol withdrawal syndrome, muscle spasms, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome. 9. ANTIDEPRESSANT -a centrally acting drug that induces mood elevation, useful in treating mental depression -can help you stop the symptoms - IDA approved - restlessness -sedation - insomnia and mental depression -Antidepressants interfere with serotonin, the neurotransmitter that regulates anxiety and mood while also controlling appetite. In particular, these changes may increase 2. Antibacterial – drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic bacteria -Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites change over time and no longer respond to medicines making infections harder to treat and increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness and death. -anti-biotics -prevent -immune system -Penicillium notatum- is a fungus that widely exists in the environment and is often non-pathogenic to humans. Drugs: Penicillins - used to treat infections caused by bacteria. They work by killing the bacteria or preventing their growth. Mupirocin topical ointment - used to treat impetigo. This medicine works by killing bacteria or preventing their growth. This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription. 3. Antifilarial - drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic filarial worms. Helminths- worms in medical term- parasitic worm Ringworm- It's called “ringworm” because it can cause a circular rash (shaped like a ring) that is usually red and itchy. Molds- non pathogenic (na sa labas) Yeast- pathogenic- cause infection -candida albicans - responsible for most vaginal yeast infections. Your vagina naturally contains a balanced mix of yeast, including candida, and bacteria. Drugs: Stromectol- is the same as Ivermectin. Diethylcarbamazine- is used in the treatment of certain worm infections 4. Antifungal - drug that kills or inhibits pathogenic fungi -They are also called antimycotic agents. - These usually cause no side-effects. Symptoms: Skin rash Skin lesions Nail bed infection Oral thrush Drugs: Fluconazole- is used to prevent and treat a variety of fungal and yeast infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called azole antifungals. 5. Anthelmintic - drug that kills or inhibits helminths Ascariasis- caused by ingesting those worm eggs. This can happen when hands or fingers that have contaminated dirt on them are put in the mouth, or by eating vegetables or fruits that have not been carefully peeled, washed, or cooked. People with ascariasis often show no symptoms. Drugs: Mebendazole- (Vermox) is used to treat roundworm and whipworm infections. Pyrantel- It is taken by mouth. Side effects include nausea, headache, dizziness, trouble sleeping, and rash. PRESCRIPTIONS: -order for medication -It contains a specific medication and dosage to be administered to a particular patient at a specified time. -The prescription serves as a vehicle for communication from the prescriber to the pharmacist about the needs of the patient. Prescription Blank -A formula written on a piece of paper Types of Medication: Non prescription Drugs - Are pharmaceutical products or drug preparations that can be dispensed even without the written order of a validly - prevention or symptomatic relief of minor or self-limiting ailments Prescription Drugs: - drug preparations that are to be dispensed only upon written order of a validly registered physician or pharmacist. Dangerous Drugs - prohibited or regulated drugs which require a special prescription form - List A Drugs- Prohibited Drugs, Regulated Drugs List B Drugs Prohibited Drugs - Illegal drugs are those that are not prescribed by a doctor or bought at a drugstore. They are sometimes also called "street drugs." - include opium and its active components and derivatives. Regulated Drugs - A drug or other substance that is tightly controlled by the government because it may be abused or cause addiction. - include sedative-hypnotics List B drugs: - drugs requiring strict precautions in their use; • the prescriber must write clearly “List B” after the Rx symbol but before the generic name. Parts Of the Prescription Prescriber’s Information - It usually contains the name of the physician or dentist, his specialty, clinic address, contact number and clinic hours Patient’s Information - It contains pertinent information about the patientsuch as the name, address, sex, age and weight and sometimes BSA Date - Prescriptions are dated at the time they are written and also when they are received and filled in the pharmacy. Superscription - The Rx symbol is a Latin verb “recipe” meaning “take thou” or “you take” - Historians believed that this symbol originated from the sign of Jupiter employed by ancients in requesting aid for healing Inscription - Medication prescribed Subscription - It contains directions to the pharmacist for preparing and labeling the prescription - It usually contains the quantity of the medication to be dispensed Transcription - Signa - It is also known as “signature” or “signa” meaning “mark thou” or “let it be labeled” - Directions for the patients Refill Information - If refill information is not supplied, it is generally assumed that no refills are authorized Prescriber’s Signature and License Numbers - It contains the signature of the prescriber as well as the doctor’s license number to practice his profession, PTR number, and sometimes S2 number