Pharmacognosy: Botanical Sources, History, & Uses of Natural Products, Exams of Pharmacognosy

Download Pharmacognosy: Botanical Sources, History, & Uses of Natural Products and more Exams Pharmacognosy in PDF only on Docsity! Pharmacognosy Digitalis lanata - botanical source of digoxin Digitalis purpurea - botanical source of digitoxin Waksman - discovered streptomycin Babylonians - made clay models of man Asafetida - aka Devil's Dung Georg Ebers - discovered the papyrus ebers Pedanios Dioscorides - wrote the book De Materia Medica Pedanios Dioscorides - Father of Pharmacology Colchicine - Tx of acute gout Allopurinol - Tx of chronic gout Ergotamine - Constituent of ergot that is used to treat migraines Ergonovine - Constituent of ergot responsible for its oxitoxic effects Opium - Stone of Immortality Tocolytic - Agents that are used to prevent uterine contraction Claudius Galen - Father of pharmaceutical compounding Galenicals - Pharmaceutical preparations with plant or animal constituents Cold Cream - aka Galen's cerate C.A Seydler - Coined the therm 'Pharmacognosy' J.A. Schmidt - aka Alligator pear Persea americana - SN: avocado Neuralgia - Avocado is indicated for what condition? seeds - What part of the avocado is used in the treatment of neuralgia? leaves - What part of akapulko is used for antifungal properties? Musa paradisiaca - SN: Banana Allisine - Active constituent of garlic responsible for its use in the management of HTN Leaves - Which part of bayabas is used as an antiseptic? Antiseptic - Pharmacologic use of the leaves of Bayabas (guava) Entada phaseoloides - SN: Gugo Gossypium hirsutum - SN: Cotton Citrus microcarpa - SN: Kalamansi Averrhoa bilimbi - SN: Kamias oxalic acid - Chemical responsible for the bleaching properties of kamias Mucolytic - Pharmaceutical use of Lagundi Citrus sinensis - SN: Chinese orange Sesamum indicum - SN: Linga (sesame) Zea mays - SN: Mais (corn) cystitis - Corn is used in the treatment of what condition? Cocus nucifera - SN: Niyog (coconut) Lauric (50%), Myristic (20%) - Chemical constituents of coconut oil (2) Lauric acid - Chemical constituent of coconut oil responsible for its antiseptic and anticancer properties Quisqualis indica - SN: Niyog-niyogan Citrus aurantium - SN: orange Solanum tuberosum - SN: Potato (patatas) Ananas comosus - SN: Pinya Bromelain - Enzyme found in pineapple Blumea balsamifera - SN: Sambong diuretic - Pharmacological use of Sambong Solanum melongena - Pelletier, Caventou - Isolated quinine (2) Pierre Robiquet - Isolated codeine Friedrich Serturner - Isolated morphine Crude drugs - Drugs that are collected and dried Crude extract - Mixture of constituents isolated from crude drugs Collection->Harvesting->Drying->Garbling - Steps in the preparation of crude extracts MgO - Chemical used to remove the bitter taste of Cascara sagrada (Sacred Bark) Garbling - Final step in the preparation of crude drugs Expose drug to 65°C, Fumigation with methylbromide, Add a drop of chloroform or carbon tetrachloride - Methods of storage of crude drugs to prevent insect attacks Hexane - Menstruum used to extract fats Ethanol - Menstruum used to extract resins Acetone - Menstruum used to extract chlorophyll Acetic acid - Menstruum used to extract Solanine Hot benzene - Menstruum used to extract chrysarobin protopectin - Constituent present in unripe fruits pectin - Constituent present in just ripe fruits peptic acid - Constituent present in over ripe fruits Pigeon - Animal used in the bioassay of digoxin Cat - Animal used in the bioassay of atropine Female chicken - Animal used in the bioassay of oxytocin Sheep (blood) - Animal used in the bioassay of heparin Rat - Animal used in the bioassay of cod liver oil Rabbit/Mice - Animal used in the bioassay of tubocurarine Dogs - Animal used in the bioassay of parathyroid hormones Chemical evaluation - Best method to determine official potency Dextrorotatory - Optical rotation of natural camphor Racemic - Optical rotation of synthetic camphor Brassicaceae - Mustard family Rutacieae -