Pharmacology Review Guide and Cheat Sheet, Cheat Sheet of Pharmacology

Download Pharmacology Review Guide and Cheat Sheet and more Cheat Sheet Pharmacology in PDF only on Docsity! 7/2005 Rev. 1/2007, 1/2010, 5/2015, 11/2015 1 SAINT BARNABAS HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Preparation for Nursing Pharmacology Test PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW GUIDE In order to successfully pass the 50 item pharmacology exam, nurses must achieve an overall score of 80%. However, nurses are only allowed to get 2 calculation questions wrong from the Drug Calculation section of the exam (3 errors in calculation questions means an automatic failure and the nurse must re-take the exam). For the calculation questions on the exam, the nurse must show all work that led to arriving at the answer. Only ONE retake is permitted. Time allotted for exam: 1 1/2 hour (90 min.). I. Categories of Medications Know the actions, use, serious side effects and specific nursing measures for administration of the following frequently ordered medications or categories of medications Cardiovascular/Antiarrhythmics Beta Blockers eg. metoprolol (Lopressor); atenolol (Tenormin) ACE inhibitors – eg. enalapril (Vasotec) Digoxin (Lanoxin) Nitroglycerine: transdermal patch & paste Adrenergics – dopamine infusion (Intropin) Verapamil (Veracaps SR) Antidiabetic Agents Insulins: Regular, & NPH Humalog, Humulin, Lantus Metformin (Glucophage) Glyburide (Diabeta) Insulin Pen use Analgesics/Narcotics Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) Morphine sulfate & MS Contin Oxycodone-acetaminophen. (Percocet) Diuretics Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix) Spironolactone (Aldactone) Furosemide (Lasix ) Hormones – levothyroxine (Synthroid) Agents for Depression/Sedation Fluoxetine (Prozac) Lorazepam (Ativan) Anti-infectives/Anti-fungals Ampicillin Cefazolin (Ancef/Kefzol) Gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin) Vancomycin Anti-inflammatory Agents Prednisone/methylprednisolone Dexamethasone (Decadron) NSAIDS – eg.Ibuprophen, Aleve Cox-2 Inhibitors- eg Celebrex Anticoagulants/Hematologic Agents Heparin sodium Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) Enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox) Dalteparin sodium (Fragmin) Antiulcer/Antiemetics Famotidine (Pepcid) Omeprazole (Prilosec) Ondansetron (Zofran) Flumazenil (Romazicon) 7/2005 Rev. 1/2007, 1/2010, 5/2015, 11/2015 2 Antiseizure Phenytoin sodium (Dilantin) Antidotes Protamine Sulfate Naloxone HCl (Narcan) Vitamin K (Aquamephyton) High Alert Medications: Identified by TJC (The Joint Commission) -- concentrated KCL, concentrated NaCl,, insulin, heparin Herbal Interactions: anticoagulants and ginko biloba II. Important to Know: 1. Medication administration based on RN standards of practice. 2. How to administer intramuscular injections – variations by weight, size, age. 3. Nursing responsibilities for first-dose of any medication. 4. Nursing documentation for PRN medications. 5. How to draw up and administer insulin subcutaneously and how to use an insulin pen. 6. Heparin/Lovenox/Fragmin injection techniques and sites 7. Specific lab values to be monitored for patients on Lovenox/Fragmin, Heparin, Coumadin, Vancomycin 8. How to apply topical/ transdermal medication/patches 9. IV push medications 10. How to administer eye and ear drops – adults and pediatric 11. How to administer sustained release (SR, LX, LA etc.) tablets/capsules 12. Distinguish S/S of hypoglycemia & the interventions for treating it. 13. Measures for effective pain management – dosing schedule, documentation, use of appropriate pain scale eg. FLACC, BPS, CPOT, Wong-Baker, Numeric. 14. Safety measures for administration of TPN (total parenteral nutrition) 15. How to administer meds via NG tube 16. IV administration of diluted KCl only via central line or large vein 17. Monitoring for IV infiltration of vesicants (e.g. Dopamine) 18. Heparin Infusion weight-based dosages III. Conversions 1 kg = 1000 gm 1 liter = 1000 ml 1 oz = 30 ml 1 gm = 1000 mg 1 kg = 2.2 lbs 1 tbsp = 3 tsp 1 mg = 1000 mcg 1 tsp = 5 ml 1 inch = 2.54 cm 7/2005 Rev. 1/2007, 1/2010, 5/2015, 11/2015 5 Conversions: a. 2 tsp = _____ mL f. 2 oz = _____ mL b. 450 mcg = _____ mg g. 150 lbs = _____ kg c. .048 gm = _____ mg h. 65 kg = _____ lbs d. 475 mg = _____ gm i. 4.1 mg = _____ mcg e. 3 tablespoons = _____ mL j. 2.5 inches = _____ cm Calculations: 1. A child is to receive amoxicillin 50 mg po. The medication in oral suspension is labeled 125 mg per 5 ml. How many mls should the child receive? 2. The liquid medication label reads 100 mg per 2 ml. The order is for the patient to receive 200 mg of the medication. How many mls will be administered? 3. The patient is to receive digoxin 0.25 mg IV. Digoxin is in prefilled syringes of 0.5 mg per 2 mls. How many mls will be administered by syringe? 4. The physician orders dynapen 125 mg po stat. The bottle is labeled 25 mg per ml. How many mls should be given? 5. Penicillin G sodium for injection contains 250,000 units per ml. How many units are there in 3.5 mls? 6. The doctor orders 1000 ml of D5W every 6 hours. How many mls per hour should the patient receive? 7. Calculate the drip rate for an IV of D5 ½ NS to run at 20 ml per hour using a microdrip set (60 gtts per ml). 8. The patient is to receive Keflex 1 gm P.O. On hand is Keflex 250 mg per tablet. How many tablets should be administered? 9. Garamycin comes in a concentration of 80 mg per 2ml. How many mls would be needed for a dose of 40 mg? 10. The physician orders 1 liter of NS every 8 hours. How many mls per hour should the patient receive? Using macrodrip tubing (15 gtts per ml) what is the flow rate in gtts per minute? 7/2005 Rev. 1/2007, 1/2010, 5/2015, 11/2015 6 11. The patient is to receive Ancef 1 gram every 6 hours in 100 ml of normal saline to run over 30 minutes. If microdrip tubing is used (60 gtts per ml), what is the rate of flow in drops per minute? If macrodrip tubing is used (15 gtts per ml), what is the rate of flow in drops per minute? 12. One unit of blood, (250 ml per unit) must be infused over 4 hours. It cannot remain hanging longer than 4 hours. How fast must you run the blood using blood tubing of 10 gtts per ml? 13. Your patient has a PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Line) and needs to receive 1000ml over 12 hrs. The infusion pump should be set at what rate? (ml/hr) PHARMACOLOGY REVIEW GUIDE - ANSWER KEY Conversions: a. 10 ml f. 60 ml b. 0.45 mg g. 68.18 kg c. 48. mg h. 143 lbs d. 0.475 gm i. 4100 mcg e. 45 ml j. 6.35 cm Calculations: 1. 2 ml 7. 20 gtts per min. 2. 4 ml 8. 4 tablets 3. 1 ml 9. 1 ml 4. 5 ml 10. 125 ml/hour; 31 or 32 gtts per min. 5. 875,000 units 11. 199 gtts per min. (198 or 200 is acceptable) 6. 166.6 ml per hr (167 acceptable) 50 gtts per min, macrodrip 12. 10 gtts per min 13. 83 ml/hr