Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School, Lecture notes of History

Download Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School and more Lecture notes History in PDF only on Docsity! Philippine Politics and Governance Quarter 2 – Module 9: Decentralization and Local Governance Senior High School Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 9: The Roles and Functions of the Local Government Units (LGU) First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III Rhoda T. Razon, PhD, CESO V Librada M. Rubio, PhD Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Region III Office Address: Matalino St., D.M. Government Center, Maimpis, City of San Fernando Telefax: (045) 598-8580 to 89 E-mail Address: region3@deped.gov.ph Development Team of the Module Writers: Rochelle G. Tuliao Christian C. Linsangan Anna Maria G. Mejia Content Editors: Angelica M. Burayag, PhD Reviewers: Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD Sergio B. Gonzales John Paul Paje Language Editor: John Paul Paje Illustration/ Layout Editor: John Paul Paje Illustrator: Neil John L. Supan Layout Artist: Ric Jayson M. Santos Management Team: May B. Eclar, PhD, CESO III Librada M. Rubio, PhD Angelica M. Burayag, PhD Ma. Editha R. Caparas, EdD Nestor P. Nuesca, EdD Marie Ann C. Ligsay, PhD Jayne M. Garcia, EdD Beverly T. Mangulabnan, PhD Eva Fe F. Taclibon, PhD iii For the learner: Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Senior High School Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Decentralization and Local Governance! The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands! This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner. This module has the following parts and corresponding icons: What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or competencies you are expected to learn in the module. What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to check what you already know about the lesson to take. If you get all the answers correct (100%), you may decide to skip this module. What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link the current lesson with the previous one. What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to you in various ways such as a story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity or a situation. What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the lesson. This aims to help you discover and understand new concepts and skills. What’s More This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and skills of the topic. You may check the answers to the exercises using the Answer Key at the end of the module. What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned from the lesson. What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will help you transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life situations or concerns. iv Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of mastery in achieving the learning competency. Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned. This also tends retention of learned concepts. Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the module. At the end of this module you will also find: The following are some reminders in using this module: 1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises. 2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities included in the module. 3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task. 4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers. 5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next. 6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it. If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it! References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module. 1 What I Need to Know This module will help you understand the Local Government Units in the Philippines. There are four units of local government in the country, these are the barangays, the cities and municipalities and the provinces. Their roles and functions will be enumerated and explained on this lesson. Each local government unit has roles and functions to be performed in order to deliver basic services in all areas of the country and enact laws to maintain peace and order in the society. At the end of this module you will recognize and appreciate the importance of their roles and functions and analyze your own roles and functions that contribute to the economic development and prosperity of our nation. The module has one lesson, namely: • Lesson 1 – Decentralization and Local Governance After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. identify the different levels of the Philippine Local Government; 2. explain the roles and functions of Local Government Units(LGUs); and 3. examine how decentralization affects governance. 4 Lesson 1 Decentralization and Local Governance What’s In As you learned from Modules 6,7, and 8 there are three branches in Philippine government, namely the executive branch which implements the law, the legislative branch which makes the law and the judicial branch which interprets the law. These three branches of the government may not be able to be effective and efficient in implementing government programs and providing services for the benefits of the citizens living at the different places of the country when they do it by themselves. They need to have partners in the different communities so that the services will be delivered, ideally to all citizens. These partners are the local governments. What’s New Copy the table below and provide the needed information. Local Government Unit (LGU) Position Name of Local Government Officials Functions Barangay Barangay Captain Municipality Municipal Mayor Province Provincial Governor 5 What is It Decentralization and Local Governance The Constitution of the Philippines acknowledges the importance of local governments. It provides as a policy that “the State shall guarantee and promote the autonomy of the local government units-especially the barangays- to ensure their fullest development as self-reliant communities. The local government in the Philippines are divided into three levels- provinces and independent cities, components cities and municipalities, and barangays. These political subdivisions enjoy “local autonomy”. But, they are also under the general supervisions of the President, through the secretary of Department of Interior and Local Government. Congress enacted the Republic act 7160 otherwise known as the Local Government Code of the Philippines in 1991 to provide for a more responsive and accountable local government instituted through a system of decentralization, self- reliant communities and active partners in nation building by giving the local governments more powers, authority, responsibilities and resources. The process of decentralization shall proceed from the National Government to the local government units. Decentralization or transfer of authority, responsibility and resources from the central government to lower government is very important especially when the geographical area of country and its population are too large for the central government to manage. 6 Roles and Functions of the Philippine Local Government Units There are four units of local government in the Philippines as stated in Article X, section 1 of the 1987 Constitution: the barangay, city, municipality and province. a. Barangay. The barangay is the basic unit of government. It is made up of at least two thousand (2000) inhabitants certified by Philippine Statistics Auhority. Officials of the Barangay Government. There shall be in each barangay, a Punong Barangay, Seven (7) Sangguniang Barangay members, the Sangguniang Kabataang Chairman, a Barangay Secretary and a Barangay Treasurer. There shall also be in every Barangay a Lupong Tagapamayapa. (The Local Government Code of the Philippines Section 387). Role of the Barangay. As the basic political unit, the barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of government policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community and as a forum wherein the collective views of the people may be expressed, crystallized and considered and when disputes may be amicably settled (The Local Government Code of the Philippines section 384). Basic Functions of Barangay 1. Ensure the delivery of basic services. 2. Enforce laws and regulation relating to the protection of the environment. 3. Adopt measures to prevent and eradicate drug abuse, child abuse and juvenile delinquency. 4. Serves a forum where people’s interests and opinions on local and national issues are articulated. 5. Serves as a place for settling neighborhood disputes or conflicts. b. Municipality. A municipality may be created if it has an average annual income, as certified by the provincial treasurer, of at least two million five hundred thousand pesos (P2,500,000.00) for the last two (2) consecutive years based on the 1991 constant prices; a population of at least twenty-five thousand (25,000) inhabitants as certified by the National Statistics Office; and a contiguous territory of at least fifty (50) square kilometers as certified by the Lands Management Bureau: (The Local Government Code of the Philippines Section 441). 9 Basic Functions of Province 1. Supervision - Every provincial government is tasked with supervising the municipal governments in the planning, budgeting, and service delivery process. 2. Developmental - This function has to do with facilitating economic development of municipalities within the jurisdiction of a provincial government by paving the way for transfer of technology and the granting of agricultural assistance to farmers. 3. Environmental - This is associated with the enforcement of laws and ordinances relating to the preservation of the environment. 4. Health - Provincial governments provide tertiary health services in addition to what are provided by each municipality. 10 What’s More ACTIVITY 1 Complete the diagram below. Identify the programs and activities in health, education and environment that are being implemented by your government officials in your respective barangay, municipality and province. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Barangay Health Education Environment Municipality Health Education Environment Province Health Education Environment 11 ACTIVITY 2 Based from your answers on the diagram above, what programs of your local government units that you have experienced and enjoyed. Explain it briefly. Write your answer on a separate sheet. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ What I Have Learned Answer the following questions. Use separate sheet for your answer. Rubrics for Essay Content 5 pts Vocabulary/ Word Choice 5 pts Structure/ Logic and Transition 5 pts TOTAL 15 pts 1. Why is it important to have a decentralization of power or local autonomy in the local government units in the Philippines? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. For you, what is the most essential function of local government units in barangay, city/municipality and province. Explain your answer concisely. a. Barangay b. City/Municipality c. Province a. ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 14 Additional Activities Fill in the table below. If given the chance to be a Barangay Chairperson, what programs and activities do you want to implement in your barangay. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper. Programs Purpose for Implementation Health Education Environment Economic Development Others 15 Answer Key Assessment 1.A 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.A 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.D 15.B What I Know 1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.D 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.D 15.B 16 References (n.d.). Retrieved from https:// dilg-reports-resources-2016120-5e0bb28e41.pdf (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/about/gov/ (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net (2020, August 4). Retrieved from http://www.ph.net/htdocs/government/phil/loc- gov/ (2020, August 4). Retrieved from http://www.ph.net/htdocs/government/phil/loc- gov/ Garcia EdD, C. D. (2015). Philippine History and Government. Pawilen, R. A. (2017). Philippine Politics and Governance. First Edition.