philosophers in ancient times, Summaries of Marketing

Download philosophers in ancient times and more Summaries Marketing in PDF only on Docsity! y @ ARISTOTLE © And Public Education THE BEGINNINGS  Aristotle was born in 384 BC  His father was physician to the king of Macedonia.  When he was 7, he went to study at Plato’s Academy.  Began as a student, became a researcher and finally a teacher.  Was considered one of Plato’s best students.  Plato died and willed the Academy to his nephew.  Aristotle left and founded the Lyceum. ARISTOTLE’S VIEWS  Balance is the central concept to Aristotle’s views.  Saw universe as being in a balanced and orderly fashion.  Education was the means used to create a state of good citizens. MAN IS A RATIONAL ANIMAL  Aristotle believed “man is a rational animal.”  While animals express pleasure or pain with their cries, man and only man is able to speak.  Ability to speak allows man to be able to determine the difference between what is right and what is wrong, what is beneficial and what is harmful.  So, how are these skills and knowledge acquired?  Through education. EDUCATION WAS CENTRAL  A fulfilled person was an educated person.  Education was essential for the self-realization of man.  The supreme good to which all men aspire is happiness. LEARNING  Students learned about something by practicing it over and over again until they learned it.  This was done through the practice of habituation.  Idea of learning was “Practice first, theory afterwards,” or “Do the deed and ye shall know the doctrine.” LEARNING, CONT.  Work begun by nature and continued by habit or exercise was completed and crowned by instruction.  This had two functions:  To make action free by making it rational, and  To make possible an advance to original action.  Nature and habit make men slaves, gov’d by instincts and prescriptions.  Instruction, or revelation of the grounds of action, set men free.  Greeks thought of this as the realization of manhood – or the divine in man. WHO WAS TO BE EDUCATED?  Men of noble nature.  Only citizens of the state were to be educated.  The role of women was to keep house and have children. Believed women were “intellectually inferior” to men.  Marriage was simple an arrangement to procreate and rear offspring.  Women were regarded as a means and not as an end.  Slaves were not educated.