Phlebotomy NHA exam with complete solution graded A 2023-2024, Exams of Nursing

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Phlebotomy in greek words - ANSWER-Phlebo- veins tomy- cutting Three major reason blood specimens are tested - ANSWER-diagnostic screening test therapeutic monitoring impatient - ANSWER-patient that is placed in the hospital outpatient - ANSWER-patient that is less critical and can be treated with out hospitalization. every team member should... - ANSWER-know basic skills for group process show reliability communicate ones own ideas and feelings participate in decision making manage conflict contribute to problem solving support and encourage other team members Clinical pathology or clinical laboratory - ANSWER-blood and other body fluids tissues are analyzed anatomic pathology - ANSWER-autopsies histologic and cytologic procedures are preformed for tissue and fluid specimens as well as surgical biopsy are analyzed. hematology - ANSWER-studies the formed elements of blood chemistry - ANSWER-testing is done primarily on serum tubes. blood bank - ANSWER-responsible for collections and storing as well as preparing blood for transfusion. blood typing and compatibility is also done here. immunology - ANSWER-these test for the presence of antibodies Phlebotomy NHA exam with complete solutions two most common methods for collecting specimens are: - ANSWER- venipuncture- withdrawing from a vein skin puncture- puncturing of the finger toxicology - ANSWER-detect drug and alcohol abuse microbiology - ANSWER-identifies pathogenic microorganisms found in blood, urine, sputum, and feces. Verbal communication - ANSWER-show empathy, respect, build trust, show rapport, listen actively, provide feedback. hearing sensory impairment - ANSWER-speak louder without shouting if the patient did not hear. have writing tools available, or sign language. seeing impairment - ANSWER-speak directly to the patient. communicate who you are and what you are doing. non-verbal communication - ANSWER-consists of 80%-90% of communication smiling, eye contact, and face to face. verbal communication - ANSWER-consists of 10%-20% of communication zone of comfort - ANSWER-space in which a person is comfortable intimate, personal, social, public intimate zone of comfort - ANSWER-direct up to 18 inches person zone of comfort - ANSWER-18 inches to 4 feet social zone of comfort - ANSWER-4 feet to 12 feet public zone of comfort - ANSWER-more than 12 feet cultural sensativity - ANSWER-values: accepted prinicples of a group belifs, faith, family bonds, and spirtual orientation. traditions and practices: customs and behaviors. negative body language - ANSWER-wandering eyes nervous behavior breathing pattern crossed arms glancing at the clock chewing gum yawning active listening - ANSWER-get ready pause occasionally bioethics - ANSWER-refers to the moral issues or problems that have resulted because of modern medicine, clinical research, and/or technique number one way to prevent infection - ANSWER-hand washing neglligence - ANSWER-a violation of a duty to exersise reasonable skill anad care in preforming a task malpractice - ANSWER-improper or unskillful care of a patient by a member of the health care team or proffessional misconduct or unreasonable lack of skill. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) - ANSWER-law created legal requirements for the protection, security, and appropiate sharing of patients personal health information. informed consent - ANSWER-verbal agreement to habe whatever presedure done to the patient. implied consent - ANSWER-a nonverbal agreement to have what ever procedure done tot the patient. statute of limitation - ANSWER-a law that defines how soon after an injury a plaintiff must file lawsuit or be forever barred from doing so. (2 years) infection - ANSWER-when the body is invaded with pathogens communicable disease - ANSWER-infectious microorganism that is present in the blood or other bodily fluids. Noncicomial infection - ANSWER-infection acquired by a patient after admission into a health care setting. Aseptic techniques for health care workers include - ANSWER-frequent hand washing, PPE, waste management of contaminated materials, prper cleaning solutions, standard precautions, and use of sterile procedures when necessary. Universal precautions - ANSWER-needle stick protection devices, and placing warning lebels on containers that contain blood or infectious material. Chain of infection - ANSWER-Pathogen, Reservoir, Portal of Exit, Mode of transmission, Portal of entry, Suseptible host. Standard precautions - ANSWER-Designed by the CDC to decrease transmission of microorganisms. hand hygiene, gloves, mask, eye proptection, gown. diffent types of precautions - ANSWER-airborne, droplet, contact. disinfectant - ANSWER-a chemical compound ueed to remove or kill pathogenic microorganisms. antiseptic - ANSWER-chemcals used to inhibit growth and development of microorganisms signs of shock - ANSWER-pale, clammy, weakness, rapid pulse, increased shallow breathing. nausea and vommiting. Reasons for clinical lab testing - ANSWER- screening diagnosis treatmen t monitori ng Integumentary - ANSWER-largest organ of the human body -skin -hair -nails -teeth -sweat glands Skeletal system - ANSWER-bone, cartilage, joints, ligaments, tendons muscles are classified as - ANSWER-skeletal- attached to thte bones visceral or smooth- linning of innteral structures such as veins and arteries cardiac-make up the heart wall. Nervous system - ANSWER-neurons, brain, spinal cord, brain and spinal cord covering, and cerebralspinal fluid. respritory system consists of - ANSWER-nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronch, lungs. urinary system consists of - ANSWER-2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra endocrine system consits of - ANSWER-exocrine glands, endocrine glands, exocrine glands - ANSWER-secrete sweat saliva, mucous and digestive juices. endocrine glands - ANSWER-Ductless glands that empty their hormonal products directly into the blood male reproductive system consists of - ANSWER-scrotum, testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethral glands, urethera and the penis female reproductive system consists of - ANSWER-ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, breasts and mammary glands Digestive system consits of - ANSWER-mouth and teeth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and vital accessory organs. the cario vasuclar system - ANSWER-affects every part of the body mainstains homeostasis contributes tot he defence and coagulation process and maintatining body temp. covers the heart, circulation blood, and blood vessels. size of the heart - ANSWER-same size as a mans closed fist the heart consists of how many chambers - ANSWER-4 2 atrias 2 ventricles heart valves are positioned - ANSWER-between each ventricle and atria so blood flows in one direction right atrium of the heart - ANSWER-receives oxygen-poor blood from systemic circuit: superior vena cava, inferior vena cava once the blood reaches the lungs - ANSWER-it branches off into smaller arterioles and capillaries for gass exchange. systemic circuit - ANSWER-carries blood throughout the body blood pressure increases - ANSWER-during ventricular systole (contraction) blood pressure decreases - ANSWER-during ventricular diastole (relaxed) arteries - ANSWER-have a pulse carry oxygenated blood located deep withing the muscle have thicker more elastic walls than veins veins - ANSWER-carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. have thinger walls than arteries. are located both deep and superficial. have valves phlebotomist choice of veins - ANSWER-medical cubital, basilic and cehpalic. capillaries - ANSWER-connect arterioles and venules exchange point in tissue for carbon dioxide Fibrinolysis Phase of Hemostasis - ANSWER-the clot begins to break up and dissolve lymphatic system contains - ANSWER-lymph, lymphatic, lymph nodes, tonsils, spleen, bone marrow, and thymus gland. three types of lymph cells - ANSWER-T-cells, B-cells, and the natural killer T-cells - ANSWER-provide cellular immunity again bacteria, virus, and fungi. thymus dependent B- cells - ANSWER-provide humoral immunity and antibody production in body fluids bone marrow derived The natural killer - ANSWER-attack cells that are foreign or normal cells infected with virus or cancer. anticoagulants - ANSWER-prevent blood clot formation Light Blue Tube - ANSWER-sodium citrate for coagulation determination invert 3- 4 times PTINR, APTT Yellow tube - ANSWER-SPS (sterile-sodium polyanethol sulfate) an anticoagulant that reduced antibodies thus enhancing the growth of bacteria for detection. red tube - ANSWER-Serum Seperation tube used for chemistry as well as therapeutic drug monitoring invert 5-8 times set fro 30 minutes before centrifuging. green or light green tube - ANSWER-for plasma determinations in chemistry heparin additive inversion 8 times lavender (purple tube) - ANSWER-used for whole blood in hematology determinations. K2EDTA- binds calcium, preventing blood from clotting inversion 8-10 times Pink tube - ANSWER-whole blood for hematology usually used for blood bank purposes but can be used just as a purple tube. Gray tube - ANSWER-for glucose determination sodium floride additive inversion 8 times Royal blood tube - ANSWER-for trace elements, toxicology and nutritional studies inversion 8 times tan tube - ANSWER-used for lead determination K2EDTA additive inversion 8 times orange tube - ANSWER-serum determinations in chemistry clotting time 5 minutes inversion 5-8 times clear or red rubber top tube - ANSWER-use for discard tube or secondary specimens tube. no additive no inversion preferred sight for capillary puncture - ANSWER-third finger in the fatty side portion of the finger ancappilary puncture in new borns, lancet length should be used to avoid puncture of the done - ANSWER-1.75 mm best angle using two glass slide to create a blood smear - ANSWER-30 degrees patients have the right to .. - ANSWER-refuse treatment what vacuum tube is used to collect a serum specimen - ANSWER-SST the larger the gauge number... - ANSWER-smaller the needle which tube do you used for hemoglobin - ANSWER-lavender (purple) if the tourniquet is applies for longer than 3 minutes, what analytic will likely be elevated - ANSWER-potassium capillary puncture is not useful in patients that have - ANSWER-swelling or edema in arms and hands which fingers are used for capillary puncture - ANSWER-third and forth finger blood samples from capillary puncture can not be used for which tube? - ANSWER-blue coagulation studies Capillary blood is more like arterial blood than venous blood for what reason? - ANSWER-arterial pressure is stronger than venous pressure in the capillaries. warming the puncture site causes - ANSWER-localized increased blood flow