Phonemes, Graphemes, and Syllables in English Language, Exams of Linguistics

Download Phonemes, Graphemes, and Syllables in English Language and more Exams Linguistics in PDF only on Docsity! RDG 3315/3320 Phoneme - Smallest unit of sound in a spoken word Phoneme Segmenting - The process of recognizing isolated speech sounds within a single word. Ex: man = /m/ /a/ /n/ Phoneme Blending - The process of recognizing isolated speech sounds and the ability to pronounce the word for which they stand when combined. Ex: the sounds /m/ /a/ /n/ when combined form the word man Grapheme - A letter combination of letters that represent a phoneme (sound). Ex: the phoneme /b/ in bat is represented by the grapheme b. R-controlled Vowels - When a vowel letter is followed by the letter r, it affects the vowel sound so that it is neither short or long Ex: car, her, for Closed Syllable - Any syllable that ends with a consonant phoneme (sound). Ex: home /m/ Open Syllable - Any syllable that ends with a long vowel phoneme (sound). Ex: see /e/ Consonant Blend - Sounds in a syllable represented by two or more letters that are blended together without losing their own identities. Ex: blue /b/ /l/ Diagraph - Two letters that stand for a single phoneme (sound). Ex: thin /th/ Dipthong - A single vowel sound made up of a glide from one vowel sound to another in immediate sequence and pronounced in one syllable. Ex: /oi/ in oil and boy Onset - The consonant sound(s) of a syllable that come(s) before the vowel sound. Ex:/m/ in the word mat Rime - The part of a syllable that includes the vowel sound and any consonant sounds that come after it. The graphic representation is referred to as a phonogram. Ex: /at/ in the word mat. Schwa - An unstressed sound commonly occurring in unstressed syllables. It resembles the short sound of u. Ex: /a/ in about Medial Vowel - Vowel(s) in the middle of a word. Ex: e in get. ea in seat Long Vowel - The vowel sounds that are also names of the alphabet letters. Ex: /a/ as in make Short Vowel - A vowel sound that does not have the same sound as the letter itself. Ex: /i/ as in igloo Phonological Awareness - The awareness of sounds in spoken language. Phonemic Awareness - The ability to hear, identify and manipulate the individual sounds in spoken words. Alphabetic Principle - The fundamental insight that letters (graphemes) and sounds (phonemes) work together in systematic ways to form words. Phonics - The relationship between the letters (graphemes) of written language and the sounds (phonemes) of spoken language. Morpheme - The smallest meaningful part of a word; sometimes it is a word (ex cup, hope), and sometimes it is not a whole word but an affix. (ex -ly, bi-) Morphology - The study of word parts related to syntax and meaning. Orthography - The writing system of a language specifically, the correct sequence of letters (spelling), characters, or symbols. Affix - Most commonly a suffix or prefix attached to a base word, stem, or root.