Download Phonetics | LING 2100 - The Study of Language and more Quizzes Linguistics in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Phonetics DEFINITION 1 Phonetics (from the , phn, "sound, voice", ) is a branch of linguistics that comprises the study of the most basic sounds of human speech. For example: Consonants Vowels: Monopthongs and Dipthongs TERM 2 IPA DEFINITION 2 The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), a system of phonetic notation based largely on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Association as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language. TERM 3 Why is the IPA used rather than letters from the English alphabet? DEFINITION 3 Because the letters in the English alphabet can represent different sounds, i.e. 'e' can sound like [] as in "apple" or [] as in "father," the IPA uses symbols, mostly Latin in origin to represent various sounds. For our purposes in English, there are 27 consonants 4 syllabic consonants 10 monopthongs (simple vowels) 5 dipthongs (complex vowels) TERM 4 3 components of identifying consonants (segmental features) DEFINITION 4 1 Is it voiced or voiceless? 2 Where is the airstream constricted? 3 How is the airstream constricted? TERM 5 Anatomy of a Sagittal Section DEFINITION 5 From the front of the mouth to the back 1 Lips (often referred to when discussing bilabials or labiodentals) 2 Teeth (referred to when discussing labiodentals or interdentals) 3 Alveolar Ridge (protrusion behind the upper teeth) 4 Hard Palate (the roof of the mouth) 5 Velum (soft palate, ends at the uvula) 6 Nasal cavity (nasal sounds are made here when velum lowers) 7 Larnyx (where vocal folds and glottis are) TERM 6 Stops DEFINITION 6 Airstream is constricted entirely in the oral cavity for a moment. IPA stops 1 [p] 2 [b] 3 [t] 4 [d] 5 [k] 6 [g] 7 [] (glottal stop) TERM 7 Fricatives DEFINITION 7 Fricatives are consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel between the tongue and some other part of the mouth, usually the palate or the teeth. IPA Fricatives 1 [ ] 8 [ ] 2 [f] 3 [v] 4 [] (theta) 5 [ ] (eth) 6 [s] 7 [z] TERM 8 Affricates DEFINITION 8 A category of sounds that are between a stop and a fricative IPA Affricates 1 [ t ] 2 [ d ] TERM 9 Nasals DEFINITION 9 The velum is lowered to allow sound to pass through the nasal cavity. IPA Nasals 1 [m] 2 [n] 3 [] TERM 10 Liquids DEFINITION 10 Liquids create and obstruction like a stop, but airflow is able to pass relatively unobstructed, meaning the sound is also not a fricative or an affricate. IPA Liquids [ l ] -considered a lateral liquid [ ]- considered a retroflex liquid* *retroflex means the tip of the tongue is curved behind the alveolar ridge
