Phonics Training LETRS Units 1-4(answered), Exams of Literature

Download Phonics Training LETRS Units 1-4(answered) and more Exams Literature in PDF only on Docsity! Phonics Training LETRS Units 1-4(answered) What characteristic makes English a "deep" alphabetic orthography? - Correct answer Its spelling system represents meaningful parts (morphemes) as well as sounds. Which statement most accurately describes how the human brain has evolved to process spoken and written language? - Correct answer Our brains have evolved to process spoken language much more easily than alphabetic writing. Which skills are least correlated with reading comprehension in children? - Correct answer visual-motor skills and visual-spatial reasoning According to the Simple View of Reading model, which is more important to reading comprehension—word recognition or language comprehension? - Correct answer Both are equally important. According to the 2015 National Assessment of Educational Progress, what percentage of fourth-grade students have scored "basic" or "below basic" in reading? - Correct answer 64% nationally, with African-American and Hispanic students making up a disproportionate amount Which of these is an example of morphology? - Correct answer We know the words unique, uniform, united, and universe all contain the root uni, meaning "one." How does the language system of pragmatics help us to understand why written language is more structured than spoken language? - Correct answer Social context and nonverbal gestures help the listener understand spoken language, so there is less need for it to be highly structured. Which statement best describes the relative importance of oral reading fluency and verbal comprehension as factors in reading comprehension? - Correct answer As children get older, verbal comprehension becomes more important than oral reading fluency. What adds to the challenge of becoming literate? Select all that apply. - Correct answer All meaning resides in the written words alone; there is no additional physical context or gestures, facial expressions, etc., to support meaning. -AND- Reading and writing require learning new forms of language, such as changes to sentence structure, discourse, and presentation of vocabulary and semantics. Page 1 of 12 Which is a characteristic of discourse in spoken language? - Correct answer It does not use paragraphs and tends to be disorganized. English vowels are easier for students to pronounce and write than consonants. - Correct answer False What makes r-controlled vowel sounds so confusing for students? - Correct answer The r takes over the preceding vowel sound. Which of the following sounds is considered a front vowel? - Correct answer /ā/ Which of the following vowels require that the mouth shift position during production of the sound? Select all that apply. - Correct answer /oi/ -AND- /ou/ Spanish has 22 phonemes represented by 27 symbols, compared to English's 44 phonemes and 26 symbols. - Correct answer True The variations common in African American English are predictable and governed by rules. - Correct answer True Which of the following misspellings likely results from confusion about unaspirated or deaspirated stop consonants? - Correct answer spelling skip as "sgip" In which group of words does a tongue flap create significant differences between American and British pronunciations? - Correct answer cattle, city, metal Students in Ehri's prealphabetic phase need instruction in basic oral language skills before manipulating phonemes. - Correct answer True Sound chaining should begin with substituting the middle sounds and end sounds in a word, as these are most difficult. - Correct answer false Which activities work with students at the early phonological awareness level? Select all that apply. - Correct answer having students identify rhyming words in texts you read aloud -AND- having students clap or tap to count the syllables in a word you say -AND- saying a two-syllable word, then asking students to delete one syllable and say the word that results A colleague is going to start beginning sound chaining activities with students at the basic phonemic awareness level, using colored blocks to represent sounds. What is the Page 2 of 12 Complete this sentence: Vowel teams in English can have up to ______ letters. - Correct answer 4 Which set of words illustrates both the Floss rule and the "-ck" Rule? - Correct answer slick, kiss, cuff Which of the following should be a major instructional focus for students at the consolidated alphabetic phase? Select all that apply. a. Have students practice writing the alphabet from memory. - Correct answer Have students decode two- and three-syllable words. -AND- Have students learn to plan before writing, and compose according to the plan. When students are "graduating" to the next Ehri's phase, their approach to reading will be qualitatively different than the previous phase. - Correct answer True Students with solid phonics skills tend to recognize sight words more quickly, regardless of how regular the words' spelling are. - Correct answer True Which is the best way to assess students' ability to recognize real words in print? - Correct answer Have students do timed and untimed readings of graded word lists; sight words should be recognized within one second. Kasey has solid phonemic awareness and knows all 26 letters. Her phonetic spellings of speech sounds are logical, but she is just learning to spell words. Which phase best describes her? - Correct answer later alphabetic Knowledge of letter names in kindergarten is an excellent predictor of later reading success. - Correct answer True Students should establish a habit of trying to blend all the sounds in a word before they "adjust" or "flex" the pronunciation to make a real word. - Correct answer True Which activities are recommended to help students develop visual-motor skills before they learn to form letters? Select all that apply. - Correct answer tracing and drawing geometric shapes -AND- drawing circles and lines on sandpaper -AND- skywriting in the air with large movements Page 5 of 12 Which guideline(s) should teachers follow when choosing key words for sound-spelling cards? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Avoid words in which nasalization affects the way a vowel is pronounced, such as angry for /ă/. -AND- Avoid words in which a consonant appears as part of a blend, such as stop for /s/ -AND- Avoid words with phonemes that sound like letter names, like empty (m - t). Which activity is best for helping students distinguish between easily confused speech sounds such as /k/ and /g/? - Correct answer a word chain using minimally contrasting pairs Which activities provide direct practice working with word meaning? Select all that apply. - Correct answer word webs -AND- word classification Open sort activities are most appropriate for advanced students who already know how to look for an orthographic pattern. - Correct answer True Word chain activities should use real words only. - Correct answer False How often should teachers introduce students to new irregular, high-frequency words? - Correct answer 3-5 times a week Which is the best definition of the term sight words? - Correct answer any words a reader can recognize instantly and read Sentence dictation routines should include reminders about basic writing conventions (e.g., capitalization, end punctuation). - Correct answer true Pattern words that are easy to read are also easy for students to spell. - Correct answer False Leveled texts are ranked on objective readability criteria, gradually becoming more difficult as students progress through the levels. - Correct answer False If a teacher follows a systematic process for transferring phonics skills to text, it's reasonable to expect students to read a decodable passage independently after a week of instruction. - Correct answer True Page 6 of 12 Students are reading a decodable text that uses only pattern words or high-frequency words students have been taught. What level of reading accuracy is reasonable to expect? - Correct answer 95% Over the course of a week of phonics instruction, which step in the Transfer to Text Process is the first that can be phased out? - Correct answer Practice reading skill words in isolation before reading them in a passage. A school library has available a series of lavishly illustrated predictable texts written in verse. What are the most appropriate ways to use these in the classroom? - Correct answer Use them as teacher read-alouds to enhance oral language and comprehension skills. The quality of Tier 2 and Tier 3 instruction is the most important variable affecting student progress in grades K-3. - Correct answer False Successful implementation of an RTI or MTSS model depends on collaboration among all faculty. - Correct answer True What proportion of students are likely to need Tier 2 or Tier 3 instruction even when Tier 1 instruction is effective? - Correct answer at least 20% Based on the assessment data presented in this session, what can you conclude about how teachers professional development (PD) affects students' performance outcomes? - Correct answer PD to build teacher expertise and provide coaching supports significantly improved student performance. Your district has selected a solid, research-based core instructional program for reading. Which guideline best explains how an individual teacher should implement this program? - Correct answer Follow it, but if necessary supplement it, or adjust the pacing to meet students' needs. Which of the following is not one of the strands in Scarborough's Reading Rope? - Correct answer guided reading How can code-emphasis or phonics-emphasis instruction be used most effectively? - Correct answer when organized around a logical progression of pattern words that have been taught Which word group might a teacher include in a lesson focused on identification of consonant blends? - Correct answer blink, frog, twist Page 7 of 12 Students should learn inflectional suffixes such as -ed and -s before learning derivational suffixes like -ful and -less. - Correct answer True Which spelling concept is usually taught in third grade? - Correct answer multisyllabic base words About how many irregular spelling words should be introduced per week as part of spelling instruction? - Correct answer 3-5 Reading and spelling should be taught as separate strands within a reading program starting in fourth grade. - Correct answer False Understanding the syllable structure or morphological structure of a word can make it easier to spell. - Correct answer True How much gain in fluency (as measured by WCPM) is reasonable to expect from a student who reads a passage several times over a week? - Correct answer About 10 percent Which of the following techniques specifically targets reading prosody as a fluency subskill? - Correct answer Phrase Cued Reading Which of the following techniques specifically targets automaticity as a fluency subskill? - Correct answer Speed Drills Students in the highest fluency percentile for their grade level are much better readers overall than their peers with average fluency. - Correct answer False Developing automaticity in word recognition can lead to improved reading comprehension. - Correct answer True When a student develops reading problems early on, it is usually appropriate to look for weaknesses in word recognition. - Correct answer True Students with weak word-recognition skills may compensate somewhat by relying on background knowledge and vocabulary. - Correct answer True If initial data show a student is not performing at grade level, the next step is to closely examine which data source? - Correct answer ORF performance (accuracy and WCPM) Page 10 of 12 Which of the following is generally not considered when assessing whether a students performance is at level? - Correct answer reading levels of leveled text Which is the best example of instruction that is sequential? - Correct answer teaching the concept of vowel teams, then teaching these long a vowel teams in order: ai, ay, ei, high Approximately how much time should be spent on code-based or word work activities in first-grade language arts? - Correct answer 30-40 % Most students can easily adapt if they need to switch between one program used for core instruction and another used for intervention. - Correct answer False The "formula" for how much time to allocate to word work varies by grade level; teachers should never deviate from the established formula for the grade they teach. - Correct answer False At what point in a student's reading development, in grades K-3, do you no longer need to spend any instructional time on systematic, explicit instruction in phonology, phonics, and syllabification? - Correct answer when students can rapidly and accurately decode new words encountered in text What is the most critical step in the process of teaching students to recognize printed words automatically, with little effort? - Correct answer Ensure that students can apply their knowledge of phonics patterns to unknown words. What is the best definition for oral reading fluency? - Correct answer reading with accuracy, expression, and sufficient speed to support comprehension What is the best explanation for the spelling of smiled during a lesson on rules for adding suffixes to base words? - Correct answer happily Which of the following two-syllable words contains a vowel team syllable followed by a syllable with a vowel-r pattern? - Correct answer power if you were teaching the soft c for reading and spelling, which words could be used as examples? - Correct answer circus, cycle, center If students were mapping the graphemes in the word timing, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? - Correct answer 5 Page 11 of 12 If students were mapping the graphemes in the word badge, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? - Correct answer 3 If students were mapping the graphemes in the word flight, how many boxes (phonemes) would they need? - Correct answer 4 Based on the grapheme representing /sh/, which word is probably from French? - Correct answer machine Page 12 of 12