Phonological-process-Chart.pdf, Lecture notes of Phonetics and Phonology

Download Phonological-process-Chart.pdf and more Lecture notes Phonetics and Phonology in PDF only on Docsity! Phonological process Description Example Approximate age of elimination Cluster reduction When a consonant cluster is produced with only one consonant “truck” à “tuck” “slide” à “side” “brown” à “bown” ~4 years; Including /s/, gone by 5 years Final consonant deletion When the last consonant of a word is omitted “dog” à “daw” ~3 years Initial consonant deletion When the first consonant of a word is omitted “dog” à “awg” Never typical; seen in more severe phonological disorders Weak syllable deletion When the first unstressed syllable of a word is omitted “banana” à “nana” ~4 years Epenthesis When a sound is added between two consonants, often “uh” “plane” à “puh-lane” ~8 years Backing When alveolar sounds /t/ or /d/ are substituted with /k/ or /g/ “bus” à “buhk” “lid” à “lig” Never typical; seen in more severe phonological disorders Fronting When velar sounds /k/ or /g/ are substitued with alveolar sounds /t/ or /d/ “bag” à “bad” “lake” à “late” ~3.5 years Affrication When a non-affricate is substitued with an affricate, “ch” or “j” “doggie” à “joggie” ~3 years Deaffrication When an affricate “ch” or “j” is substituted with a fricative or stop, like “sh” or /d/ “choo-choo” à “shoo shoo” “chip” à “dip” ~4 years Alveolarization When an non-alveolar sound is substitued with an alveolar sound “shoe” à “tu” “make” à “nake” ~5 years Depalatalization When a palatal sound is substituted with a non-palatal sound “dish” à “dit” ~5 years Labialization When a non-labial sound is substituted with a labial sound, /m/, /p/, or /b/. “toad” à “poad” “nail” à “mail” ~6 years Gliding When /l/ or /r/ becomes a /w/ or /y/ sound “yellow” à “yewo”or “yeyo” “rock” à “wock” ~6 years Stopping When a fricative or affricate is “foot” à “put” /f, v, s, z/ by 3