Photography - Visual Communication - Notes | MC 2015, Study notes of Communication

Download Photography - Visual Communication - Notes | MC 2015 and more Study notes Communication in PDF only on Docsity! Photography 3/21/11 8:45 AM Photography: derived from the Greek words photos (light) and graphhein (to draw) = The lighting exposure onto some sort of image, device = The Idea that the visual image can be more powerful than words Migrant Mother by: Dorothy Lang - Most reproduced photo in the world - High Emotion in this photo which makes in well-known In what century/decade do you think photography was developed? 1830s 1839 Daguerreotype: first device of capturing the truthful lightness < images it produces are called daguerreotypes. Invented by Frenchman Daguerre - It took a long type to develop the images: - It was expensive to have one’s photo taken. Not everyone had access - It was predominantly used to take portraits. Ex: of Daguerreotypes 1900 Kodak Brownie = Time when photography became available for the Common People. - It was actually called a camera. - It had the ability to take 6 photos without reloading. - It was affordable. - It was easy enough for children to use. <Selling Point Color Photography: introduced in the 1940s. Became common in 1960s. Digital Photography: dominates photography today. Came about in the late 1990s. Photography as Art VS. Photography as Journalism: Differences: - Art has more creative freedom - Journalism has to tell a story - Artistic might necessarily have context - Subject matter: ART Jackie O = fashion Icon Family = photographs well This family makes you feel good or sad. Photographs Up to His Assassination: In Dallas, TX, JFK was driving in an open vehicle and he was shot. His body was taken to Air Force One and they were flown back to Washington D.C. Lyndon Johnson was sworn in on that flight. Lyndon Johnson photo: Jackie’s face looks depleted, exhausted. This is Lyndon’s Inauguration Swearing. Jackie was there to show support. This is very different from most Inaugural Events. Depicts the transfer of power. FUNERAL PROCESSION: Private, but Important Public Moment because they are public figures This has been used to highlight JFK JR. Life. After his plane crash, this picture became huge. ARRESTED LEE OSWALL and GUNMAN 1903: Wright Brothers first flight 1945: Feel good War photograph from Vietnam War 1948: Harry Truman was elected but due to misread poll data, Chicago daily Tribune published the headline that Dewey Defeats Truman 1969: Man lands on the Moon. Amazing to See 1989: Tearing down the Berlin Wall 2001: Firefighters Raising Flag = reminiscent of Vietnam 2005: Hurricane Katrina = survivors & people waiting ; mass of people Full Shot: features entire body Close Up: Head and soldiers Extreme Close Up: Face 10. Cropping: 11. Posed vs. Live Action: Journalism = live action, cant rearrange the scene because that would be changing the events TAKEN AS SCENE UNFOLDS Art = can change whatever you would like. POSED Possible Test Question: Based off of the photography how would you describe it: High/Low Density, Dark/Bright Lighting or Full, long shot, upward, straight camera angle Answers: High Density, Dark Lighting x Answer: Low Density, Dark Lighting Answer: Full Shot, Upward Camera angle GIVEN: HW assignment Ethics in Photojournalism 3/21/11 8:45 AM Ethical concerns within the realm of photojournalism: Violent/ Graphic Images: too what extent do these belong? Pictorial stereotypes: predefined state of a certain thing Image manipulation: extent to which it is okay to digitally manipulate images Ethical Perspectives: • Categorical Imperative: Immanuel Kant o It is an absolute perspective. What’s right is right; what’s wrong is wrong. There is no bargaining ground. § Stealing is never ethically right. o People should be treated as ends within themselves, and not as a means to an end § Using a person § (getting to know someone for the sake of getting to know someone, not using them) • Utilitarianism: John Stuart Mill o When faced with an ethical dilemma, the ethical solution that creates the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people. • Golden Mean: Aristotle o The most ethical situation is the one that creates a balance, average, or mean between the two situations. • Golden Rule: Judeo-Christian Tradition o Do onto others as you would have do unto you. o Platinum Rule: Treat others how they want to be treated • Veil of Ignorance: John Rawls o The treatment of people, places, ideas. § When we are talking/treating others, the most ethical way to approach the idea is through the veil of ignorance, metaphorically blind to society’s stereotypes. Violence: Victims of Violence in the News Media: too what extent Job of the News Media = to inform the public so they have access to information 2000 The little boy had been escaping with his family from Cuba to Miami. All of his family died, but his uncle took him in. The America militia came in and forcibly removed this boy from his house and eventually he was deported back to Cuba. • 2001 Pulitzer Prize Winner 1993: Sudan, Africa The child was walking with her family to a food relief station. • 1994 Pulitzer Prize Winner • Many people were upset that the photographer didn’t help the little girl. o But by getting this photo published, he was really helping her. War in Iraq Photos: The little boy lost his arms and family during the attack. Can see the reality of what is happening in Iraq. • Not aesthetically atrractive, but disturbing. The 18 month old boy was killed in the attacks, but is unloving-ly placed in this too big for him casket. Violence Summary: - Gory photos can be ethical to print if: • Fair and accurately representing what happened • Need a compelling reason - If the public needs information in photo to make informed choices, then we must run the photo. • We cannot make informed choices unless we have access to fair and accurate information - SOCIETAL ISSUES can outweigh PERSONAL TRAGEDY. Photograph that Should Not Be Printed: 2004: Paul Johnson Jr. He was an American Helicopter Engineer civilian working for Lockheed Martin in Saudi Arabia. He was killed and beheaded by a terrorist group. This group took a video of his beheading and posted it online in 2004. Many news media ran the story but didn’t print any photos from the event. • Tiger Weekly printed two images from this story, and ran a published note. Point to Make: the photo was taken by a terrorist, which shows by printing these you are publicizing this event and doing what the terrorist wants to do. 2005 Hurricane Katrina • One of a series of photos from Dallas news that was Awarded Pulitzer Prize It is very out of context, you can’t really tell where this is coming from. It doesn’t tell the story to its full extent. 1. 2. The reason it was noticed is because the back and head of one man appeared 2x. Former VP Dick Cheney is butchering meat in the kitchen. The quote says “I am”. He looks a little more sinister and meaner. Photographer was very upset about the cropping of this photograph. It was meant to show his family getting ready for dinner. Image Manipulation: 1. Where is the photo being run? (medium of publication) 2. In news medium, if the photo LOOKS real it better be real. 3. Obligation to journalism to report the news as is (functioning democracy) 4. Obligation to history to leave behind a collection of real photographs. 5. Once that moment has been captured, in the context of news, we no longer have the right to change the content on that photo anyway. 6. Any change to a news photo (a violation of that moment) is a lie. 7. Serious breach of ethics. ~We were given a handout of the NPPA Code of Ethics. (If you need a copy just email me about it. Preamble: talks about a professional’s job and the ethics of photojournalists. Important Codes: #2(image manipulation), #3 (pictorial stereotypes), #4(victims of violence), #5&6 (editing & altering), What is okay? Small alter lighting Editing individual pixels separate from the whole of the photograph is NOT OKAY. Homework #3: Print ad from a Magazine. It has to be ripped out of the magazine. (1-2) pages. Based off of things talked about it class. Due: 4/11/11 Color 3/21/11 8:45 AM Color that you associate • with emergency: RED • with nature: GREEN • with business: BLUE • with love: RED Color creates mood: Combination of Colors. Cool (blues, light purples) SUBTLE vs Warm (orange, reds): POP & PROMINENT Message is natural so they use natural colors. Colors can organize: NEWS PAGE Color Wheel: From the combination of Red, Yellow, and Blue, you can get all other colors. Works Best when one color is primary and the other is secondary. Triad: set of three colors equidistant from each other. Monochromatic: This color scheme is used more because it is a relatively inexpensive color scheme. • The more colors you use the more expensive it is. • Black and White are the cheapest! InDesign: CMYK mode < professionally print • ® = means the mark is registered with the US Patent and Trademark Office • Purpose is to protect consumers from being mislead about the source of goods or services o Infringement: consumers are likely to be confused because use of the trademark is similar mark § McDonald’s: McSleep, McDental o Dilution: contends that a use blurs the distinctiveness of the mark or damages or tarnishes it § “Enjoy Cocaine” § Unwholesome association of Coco-Cola with illegal drug could dilute the value of Coco-Cola o 1995 Trademark Dilution Act allows: 1. Fair use by a competitor in comparative ads 2. Noncommericial use 3. all forms of news reporting and commentary Visual Identity Manual: clearly outlines uses of their logos. • Acceptable logo formats • Color palette • Typography • Implementation • Accompanying Materials Visual Persuasion in Advertising: job is to purchase, support Elements of Persuasion (Aristotle): • Ethos: source’s credibility • Logos: logical arguments • Pathos: emotional appeals These three combine to create persuasion Typography Based Ads: persuasion built on typography Ads can be especially persuasive when a photo is used B/C: photos have very strong internal emotions in a way that text can not do. “Bennetton” Case Study: Italian Clothing Company • uses there ads with political issues Visual Technology & Web Design 3/21/11 8:45 AM Website = an information source • A programing code that tells your browser how to “look” • Name of code = HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) How to create? Write HTML: write actual code WYSIWYG software: What you see is what you get • Dreamweaver CMS Google analytics Evolution of Web Design: • mid 1990s = simple era & text only • currently = usability era & user-centered sites Step 1: Develop Site Goals: • Message & Audience & Medium Step 2: Gather and organize content • Collect materials (image files, text, video/ audio) • What “goes” together? Step 3: Develop information architecture • Content categories, Develop site structure & navigation o Easiest way to get from Point A to B and back Step 4: Designing site • Story Board o Content, navigation, colors, fonts Step 5: Built • Organize files & build with software Step 6: Test, Test, Test • Look for programing bugs Step 7: Publish Step 8: Maintain: • Update, Maintain, Monitor and modify as necessary o Ex: provide social links Basic Design Still Applies!!