PHSC 121 Liberty University Exam 3 2024-2025 Edition. All Questions & Answers. Graded A+, Exams of Physics

Download PHSC 121 Liberty University Exam 3 2024-2025 Edition. All Questions & Answers. Graded A+ and more Exams Physics in PDF only on Docsity! PHSC 121 Liberty University Exam 3 2024-2025 Edition. All Questions & Correct Answers. Graded A+ A black hole is - ANSa region in space where mass produces a gravity field so intense that neither matter nor light itself can escape A quasar is - ANSa large remote energy source which may contain a black hole According to modern theory, the present universe is __________ billion years old and the Earth / Solar System is approximately ____________ billion years old. - ANS15 / 4.5 According to our text (ch 22.1 - Particle Creation and Annihilation) the universe was so hot in the first seconds following the rapid expansion (Big Bang) that photons were transformed into ____________, and that the early universe was a "hot and dense blend" of ___________. - ANSmatter / photons, matter, antimatter According to our text (ch 22.1), the universe has a faint glow of light that is not related to present day star light. This light theorized to have been caused by ______________ and was present ______________ - ANSremnant heat from the big bang / when light became visible at about 400,000 years age of the universe According to the Big Bang theory the building blocks for the universe at the beginning were - ANShydrogen and helium According to the Christian Old Earth (4-5 billion years) view, Gen 1:1 describes the creation of everything in the universe, including the stars, Earth and man - ANStrue According to the Christian Old Earth (4-5 billion years) view, volcanic activity is necessary to keep high oxygen levels in the atmosphere and therefore to sustain human life. - ANStrue According to the Nebular Cloud Theory of Solar System development, the Jovian planets began as planetesimals composed mostly of ____________ . The cores grew until ___________ was able to draw in ___________ from the surrounding cloud material. - ANShydrogen with traces of rock and metal / gravity / hydrogen and helium According to the Nebular Cloud Theory of Solar System formation, a spinning cloud formed into the Sun and planets (true statement). According to lecture, flattening of the cloud from a larger sphere, was caused by collisions between particles within the cloud which reduced random and up and down motions - ANStrue Black holes are thought to be caused by - ANScollapsing stars concentrated mass at the center of galaxies C14 has a half-life of approximately 5,700 years. After how many years will there be approximately 6% of the original C14 remaining in an original rock (assume all necessary conditions for C14 dating are satisfied)? - ANS22,800 Christian young Earth theology teaches that God created the Earth from literally nothing. The Bible indicates this could be true but does not give real support for it. - ANSfalse Comparing Jovian Magnetospheres) and class notes, magnetic fields on Uranus and Neptune are both off axis, meaning that these are not lined up with the planets' rotation axes. The magnetic fields centers also do not pass through the planet centers. - ANStrue Each location on the Earth experiences _____________ high and low tide(s) each 24 hours. The high tides occur when the observer's location on the Earth is ____________ - ANS2/facing the moon and then on the opposite side fo the Earth from the Moon EM radiation at higher frequencies - ANSmust have shorter wavelengths must be higher energy radiation EM radiation is such that shorter emissions - ANShave higher frequencies follow the principal that wavelength x frequency = a constant Emission is light - ANSradiating from an object Evaluation of what a Bible book is saying about a particular issue, even in context, is not complete until evaluating what the other books of the Bible have to say on the same subject. - ANStrue For someone standing on the Tropic of Cancer, the sun will appear at the observer's zenith ___________ each year and at the equator an observer will see the sun at zenith ___________ each year - ANSonce/twice Highest tides occur during which phase of the moon? - ANSNew and Full Hotter objects radiate - send out radiation, at - ANShigher frequencies higher energy Hottest stars are - ANSblue The Old Earth (Christian) creation model theorizes that the moon was created by a collision between the earth and a Mars-sized object and that this temporarily made the atmosphere more dense, like the atmosphere of Venus - ANSfalse The Oort cloud is - ANSA large spherical shell of rock and ice objects, extending up to 100,000 AU out from the Sun; considered the source of long term comets The prime alternative to the Big Bang theory is the Walker theory of multiple black holes at the beginning of the universe. Why does this appear to be unlikely? - ANSRelative absence of black holes in the universe today suggests a single starting point for the universe The radiation balances on Uranus and Neptune are nearly the same, and are also consistent with a nebular cloud theory of Solar System development - ANSfalse The Schwartzchild solution to the origin of the universe proposes which of the following: - ANSMaterial of the universe almost perfectly evenly distributed throughout, then consolidation of all energy / matter to one location (singularity) The speed of light / electromagnetic radiation (EM) is constant. - ANStrue The young earth (6 literal days) view of creation suggests that the Earth's present age is about ______________ years - ANS6,000 Tides on the Earth are caused mostly by - ANSthe Moon because it is closer to the earth than the Sun Transmission is light - ANSpassing through an object without being absorbed We have seasons because - ANSthe earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.5 degrees relative to the ecliptic What (theoretically) determined the chemical make-up of planets at each location in the gas cloud/solar system? - ANStemperature of the cloud at different distances from the cloud's center What appears wrong with the present theory concerning the origin of the Earth's oceans? - ANSComets contain water ice with too much deuterium, i.e. different chemical make-up than the Earth's water What does Paul's argument in Galatians 3:15-18 indicate about how he interpreted Genesis (12:7; 13:15)? - ANSPaul took Genesis literally and considered even the words to be inspired. This implies that he would have taken Gen 1 literally and the days as literal days. What in the Solar System appears to suggest that the Earth (and the Solar System) may be older than the age suggested in the young Earth view? - ANSappearance of (apparently) old, eroded river beds on Mar What is it about planetary moons in the Solar System that challenges the reasoning behind the nebular gas cloud theory? - ANSThe retrograde motion of a number of moons in the Solar System is inconsistent with a uniformly rotating gas cloud What is the concept of entropy? - ANSdegrading or running down of a system from order to disorder What is the theoretical explanation for Uranus' different rotation axis orientation relative to its orbit around the Sun - ANSUranus was impacted by one large object or several large objects which shifted its plane of rotation to what it is now Which of the concepts described below is an argument the Christian Old Earth theory makes for the Sun and its light to have been created on the first day? - ANSThe Sun had to be present, providing light, in order for vegetation and fruit bearing trees to exist on the third day Which of the following describes what produced the complex elements, necessary for planets to form in the universe (according to the Big Bang theory)? - ANSStars, through death and regeneration, produced the more complex elements necessary for formation of planets in the Solar System and other star / planet system Which of the following is "missing" that could be present if the Big Bang theory is true? - ANSmore antimatter Which of the following is a problem for the 6 day creation theory? - ANSthe age of light transiting from distant stars is inconsistent with the Young Earth age Which of the following is a problem with the theory that a nebular gas cloud formed the sun and planets? - ANSA contracting, heating gas cloud, would stop collapsing due to the force balance between gravity and internal pressure, making star formation impossible Which of the following is a way in which Gen 1 at least indicates that the Hebrew word "yom" actually refers to a 24 hour day? - ANSDay is described by light and darkness, and by number Which of the following is an argument used to indicate that the Genesis creation account is to be taken literally? - ANSGenesis was written as historical narrative (genre) and this makes a case for literal interpretation of factual accounts both in time and in the events Which of the following is an assumption in radiological dating? - ANSwhen the rock forms there is no daughter material in the rock radioactive decay rate is constant Which of the following is MOST important in creating our seasons today - ANSthe angle of the sunlight when it strikes the ground Which of the following is not true of the winter solstice? - ANSthe northern hemisphere receives the most direct sunlight of the year Which of the following is the problem that was created when rocky material from Mt. Saint Helens was evaluated for age? - ANSThe dating results indicated the rocks were much older than when they actually formed during the Mt. Saint Helens eruption Which of the following is true of the Christian view regarding an old (4-5 billion years old) earth? - ANSThe view assumes that the days following the first day in Genesis actually describe detail of what happened in the first "day" Which of the following is true of the vernal equinox - ANSthe Sun is now crossing the equator into the northern hemisphere and the northern hemisphere begins to face toward the Sun Which of the following should be included in the process of accurate interpretation of Biblical text, scripture - ANSconsideration of the context of a passage evaluation of the grammar and meaning of words in the original language Why (theoretically) do we have asteroids and comets today? - ANSthere are left over bits of material from the accretion process; asteroid from inside the frost line and comets from outside Why do some planetary interiors create magnetic fields?), what is required for a planet to have a global magnetic field? - ANSa moderate to fast rotation rate a fluid interior of electrically conducting material convection in the fluid interior (motion of the fluid in the planet's interior toward and away from the planet's surface or polar regions) Why doesn't the collision theory appear to successfully explain Uranus' different axis of rotation - ANSUranus' own orbit around the Sun would have been effected significantly and this is not evident in Uranus' orbit today