Learning Theories and Neuropsychology: A Comprehensive Overview, Quizzes of Psychology

Download Learning Theories and Neuropsychology: A Comprehensive Overview and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 John Watson DEFINITION 1 Father of behaviorism Learning is the formation of an association Stimulus-responce-reward TERM 2 Karl Lashley DEFINITION 2 Father of psycho physiology Searched for Watson's "association" - called is an "engram" Published his book and said he could not find it-elusive construct TERM 3 Learning as a gradual process (law) ((Exceptions)) DEFINITION 3 Imprinting Taste aversion Flashbulb memory TERM 4 Imprinting DEFINITION 4 Newborn animals fixating on the first being they encounter Lorenz and imprinting TERM 5 Taste aversion DEFINITION 5 Garcia used lithium chloride on mutton and coyotes ate it and got sick Effect of previous learning history on subsequent events Effect of the removal of predator from the predator role: submission TERM 6 Flashbulb memory DEFINITION 6 There are a lot of confounds in this research Emotionally traumatic situations create flashbacks TERM 7 Model (3 Process Theory) DEFINITION 7 Sensory Memory Short-term memory Long-term memory TERM 8 Sensory memory DEFINITION 8 Memory begins here Most of sensory stimuli are eliminated in this Hippocampus encodes memories Iconic: Duration: 0.3 sec. CAPACITY: unknownF of forg: neutral decay, active filter 75%Sperling's exp.ADHD and lights flickerstimulus persistence photographic memory TERM 9 Short-term memory DEFINITION 9 Selective attention temp storage system (fragile) requires active rehearsal occurs in the hippocampus: Neutral regen Duration 30sec CAP: 7+/-2phone# zip big influencechunks(mneumonic rem morePhysiological basis : Reverberatiry cuircut- Burn's hippo stim Elec to hippo TERM 10 Long-term memory DEFINITION 10 Dur: lifeCap: very goodForgeting factors DEGREE of original learning Primary effect: initial Recency effect:recent TERM 21 Stage 3 DEFINITION 21 First DELTA apperance (1-4hz) TERM 22 Stage 4 DEFINITION 22 More then 50% DELTA TERM 23 REM DEFINITION 23 High arousalRapid eye movement and dreamingparadoxical sleep (no move)sensory and motor block efferent neurons run from motor cortex to recular activation system in brainstem (no RAS = no move) we wake to sig events Narcolepsy example Primary/sec impotence and arsenic exp TERM 24 Change over time DEFINITION 24 stage 4 will occur up frontas the night progresses you spend more and more time in REM sleepAwakening from REM is exp as easy arousalAwake for 4 is tiring TERM 25 REM DEFINITION 25 ParalizedHighly variable (BP,HR,respiration)Fast and irreglearnign and mememotion and copingHeart attacks and strokes will mostly occur here TERM 26 Non-REM DEFINITION 26 free moveBP and HR and Respiration is slow and steadybodily restorationMetabolic house clean TERM 27 Disorders DEFINITION 27 Narcolepsy (sleep attacks and halluc.) Night terrors stage 4awake with dooncomplex behaivmostly childrensome occur in trauma indiv Somnambulism (sleep walking in deep sleepers during stage 4 Sleep apne(Pick Wickian's syndrome) Sudden Infant Death syndrome (weak CN) Bruxism (teeth grinding, dementia pat. headache) Enureses (bed wetting TERM 28 Classical Conditioning DEFINITION 28 Ivan PavlovautomaticallyStage 1 stimulus to responseStage 2 neural stimulus is paired with uncon stimStage 3 NS becomes conditioned stimulus and results in a response Extincion occurs when uncon is taken (food) stoop respond to con stim (bell)Spontanious recovery after extintion old responce to same stimStimulus generalization similar stim same reflex TERM 29 Operant Conditioning DEFINITION 29 B.F. Skinnerorganisms behave due to environmentselection by consequence (no cons. behavior stops)Behavioral impact diagram!!!!Fixed-ratio scheduales( based on # of behaviors)Interval Schedual( based upon the amount of time) TERM 30 Behavioral impact diagram DEFINITION 30 controll behave by consequencereinforcement-procedure increase behav while punishment decreasesPossitive punishment (spanking) adding to the enviromentneg punishment (cost removing)possitive reinforcment adding stimulus to encourage behave TERM 31 Observational Learning DEFINITION 31 Learn by watching otherspay attentionattend to others behaviorretain for later-cognitive processneed motivation TERM 32 Extrinsic versus intrinsic DEFINITION 32 in enjoyex external TERM 33 failure avoidance vs. success seeking DEFINITION 33 Thematic apperception testPresent a pic and tell a story TERM 34 Drive theory DEFINITION 34 Biological (food) vs psychological (cuddles) TERM 35 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs DEFINITION 35 Physiological safety acceptance esteem self-actualization