Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood: A Comprehensive Study Guide - Prof, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

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Physical Development in Middle Childhood  Obesity o 1 in 5 children are obese  25% of American children are obese  15% Canadian  Over 80% of obese children stay that way in adulthood o Nutritional problems  Little focus on eating  Fewer meals with family  Too few fruits and veggies & too much fast food and pop  Poverty & lack of nutritional food o Causes:  Overweight parents  Early rapid growth or malnutrition  Low SES  Family eating habits  Low physical activity  TV o Health risks  BP, cholesterol, diabetes, liver, gall bladder, cancer  Myopia o Loss of vision  Genetics (myopia parents, asian heritage)  Early biological trauma (low birth weight)  Experiences (reading & close work, computer use)  Gender Differences o Boys  have more muscle  rough and tumble play  adventurous o Girls  Have more body fat  Less rough and tumble play

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood  Piaget’s stages of cognitive development o Sensorimotor 0-2 o Preoperational 2-7 o Concrete Operational 7-11 o Formal Operational 11+  Sternberg’s Theory of intelligence o Analytical Intelligence: use strategies, self regulation o Creative Intelligence: Solve novel problems, make process skills work in other areas for complex thinking o Practical intelligence: adapt to environment to meet personal goals and demands of everyday life Socio-Emotional Development in Middle Childhood  Peer Acceptance o Peer groups formed from similarity: adopt similar dress & behavior o Trust becomes important, more selective in choosing friends, influence on each other’s behaviors o 4 different groups