Physical Education Reviewer, Lecture notes of Physical Education and Motor Learning

Download Physical Education Reviewer and more Lecture notes Physical Education and Motor Learning in PDF only on Docsity! PED103 REVIEWER Badminton 4 Common Strokes 1. Overhead Forehand - The overhead badminton forehand stroke is very common and is used most often in badminton. TIPS: ● Avoid exerting too much strength into your forehand stroke. ● Complete a full swing to ensure maximum power in your stroke. ● Allow your racket to FOLLOW THROUGH. ● Pay extra attention to the NON- RACKET ARM. ● Most importantly, feel comfortable while performing your forehand stroke. 2. Overhead Backhand - The backhand overhead motion can be compared to popping a towel at the ceiling. As the shuttle is hit upward to your backhand, pivot and turn your body so your back is towards the net. TIPS: ● The badminton backhand stroke is NOT a tennis backhand. ● The flick of your wrist creates a powerful snapping motion. ● DO NOT hold your racket too tightly and DO NOT tense your arm muscles so that your wrist is flexible to do the quick flick. ● The backhand swing should be 1 smooth and fast motion until your racket reaches all the way to the front. 3. Underarm Forehand - The badminton underarm forehand stroke is performed when you take a shuttle in front of you, normally when your opponent hits a drop shot to you. TIPS: ● DO NOT exert too much strength into your underarm forehand stroke. ● Adopt the badminton forehand grip. Also, DO NOT grip your racket too tightly so that your wrist is flexible to mobilize. ● FOLLOW THROUGH with your swing, even after hitting the shuttle. ● If you realize that you’re losing body balance as you lunge forward, slightly bend forward when you make contact with the shuttle. 4. Underarm Backhand - This stroke is usually performed when your opponent hits a badminton drop shot to your backhand area at the front of the court. TIPS: ● DO NOT exert too much strength into your underarm backhand swing. ● A backhand grip is NOT NECESSARY. However, you can switch to the backhand grip if you are fast enough to make the switch. With a backhand grip, it’ll be slightly easier to place the shuttle accurately, especially when you want to hit it across the court. ● Allow the racket to FOLLOW THROUGH to enable better flight trajectory of the shuttle. Basic Rules and Regulation Rules and regulations are important because they help to obtain and continue a balanced level of safety, fairness, order and justice. 1. Coin Toss - A game starts with a coin toss. Whoever wins the toss gets to decide whether they would serve or receive first or what side of the court they want to be on. The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice. 2. Boundaries - Each side of a badminton court has a right and a left service court for singles. Each singles service court is bounded by the short service line, the centerline, the singles sideline and the back boundary line. The doubles court is wider than the singles court, but both are the same length. The exception, which often causes confusion to newer players, is that the doubles court has shorter serve-length dimensions. The full width of the court is 6.1 meters (20 ft), and in singles, this width is reduced to 5.18 meters (17 ft). 3. Format - There are two forms of badminton, singles and doubles (it's also possible to play mixed doubles). Each player is allowed to use a stringed racket (similar to a tennis racket but with the head being smaller) and a shuttlecock. 4. Switching Sides on the Court - After each set of the game, the players switch sides with a 2-minute break interval. 2. The BADMINTON NET is the central gameplay element in a game of Badminton, requiring players to return the shuttlecock from one side of the court to the other during the match. Variations of badminton nets come in polyethylene, nylon, and vinyl. Badminton Nets span the entire 20’ (6.1 m) width of the court and are placed over the doubles sidelines, even when singles games are played. The net has a height of 5’1” (1.55 m) at the edges and sags slightly at the center resulting in a height of 5’ (1.52 m). Badminton nets are split into a 1:1 ratio with a 30’ (76 cm) opening below the mesh and an equal surface above (Dimensions.com, n.d). 3. The POSTS must be 1. 55 meters ( or about 5. 1 feet) tall. In singles games, the “ in” area on the court is only 5. 18 meters ( 17 feet) wide. However, the posts should always be placed on the doubles sidelines markings (aka the outermost boundary matter lines width-which version wise), of badminton you’re playing (Ma, 2022) 4. The BADMINTON RACKET is central to all the match thrill. It is a piece of equipment consisting of a handled frame with an open hoop and a network of tightly stretched strings—directly used to strike a shuttlecock. A badminton racket comprises six parts. ( Butt Cap, Handle/ Grip, Shaft, Throat, Stringed Area, and Head) a. HANDLE/GRIP - The handle is a part usually covered by the grip where you can simply place your hand to hold a badminton racket. b. HEAD - The head is the top portion of a badminton racket that firmly holds the strings to form a string bed. In addition, the shape and weight of the head significantly influence the selection of a racket according to the appropriate play style. c. SHAFT - The shaft is a piece that connects the handle to the throat. It attaches the head to the handle in the absence of a throat. Moreover, the flexibility of a badminton racket depends on the material of the shaft. d. THROAT - The 'T' shape part between the shaft and head — primarily serves as a support for the head base. e. BUTT CAP - A butt cap is a larger component that prevents the racket from falling off your hand. It is located at the end portion of a badminton racket. f. STRINGED AREA - The stringed area is basically known as the hitting area and netted portion of a badminton racket. It is composed of Nylon and Carbon Fiber with an overall length and width that cannot be greater than 280 and 220 mm, respectively. 5. A SHUTTLECOCK ( birdie) is a fundamental component of badminton equipment that is used to hit by a badminton racket. It is formed by placing feathers or synthetic materials inside a cork with a circular base. After insertion, the feathers form a conical shape — directly giving the shuttle stability in the air. Thus, a shuttlecock always flies with the cork base pointing first. It is composed of two distinct parts: the base and the skirt. Parts of Shuttlecock BASE - The base of a shuttlecock is often composed of a sturdy substance, such as rubber, foam, or cork — basically covered in a layer of leather. The bottom of the base is flat, whereas the top is rounded like a semi- sphere. SKIRT - The skirt of a shuttlecock generally consists of natural feathers or a synthetic material certainly as plastic or nylon. It is threaded through holes in the base and secured with strong adhesive. Two types of Shuttlecock Synthetic Shuttlecock Types of Synthetic - nylon and Plastic Used in Schools / Training Cheaper, last longer Requires less power Feather Shuttlecock Types of Feather - Goose and Duck Used in Pro-level, Competitions Light in weight, damages easily Requires power Fundamental Skills of Badminton 1. Stance ● Position your legs a little wider than shoulder- width apart, with your racket foot in front ● Face your body towards the side of the court ● Face your racket head forward ● Keep your arms slightly raised and adjust as needed depending on the shot you expect from your opponent 2. Footwork How a player can move their feet efficiently and effectively around the court. a. The split step- where you hop slightly and land on both feet to prepare for the next movement. You're able to cover more of the court because you're already in a ready stance-legs are bent and loaded. b. The side step- where you move sideways by pushing off one foot and landing on the other foot. - allows you to move around the court in a balanced and explosive manner. c. The lunge- where you stretch one leg forward and bend the other leg to reach the shuttle in the front or back corners. d. The crossover- where you move diagonally by crossing one foot over the other. e. The jump- where you leap in the air to hit the shuttle above the net. 3. Serve A correct service is when a player hits the shuttlecock with their racket over the net to the opponent’s side -- without the shuttle getting stuck in the net or exceeding the boundaries of the badminton court -- with some part of their feet in contact with the court surface. 4. Drive A badminton drive is a fast shot played in the middle court that can be seen as an offensive shot. When performing a drive shot, the shuttle will pass very close to the net and not raise too high. 5. Smash A smash in badminton is an offensive shot that is hit usually at the back of the court and that has a downwards and straight trajectory, landing in the center of the court of the other player. The trajectory is downwards because this is an offensive shot so the main goal is for the shuttle to reach the floor as fast as possible 6. Dropshot It is a shot hit softly so that the shuttlecock falls in the front area of the opponent’s court. Usually, a drop shot lands between the net and the short service line. However, an ideal drop shot will land closer to the net so that it will be difficult for the opponent to pick it. Objectives of playing a drop shot are to make your opponent out of position and change the pace of the rally. 7. Clear or Lob A clear or lob is a good way to get yourself more organized while you’re under pressure and buys you some time to work yourself back into the rally. In summary, these fundamental skills are the building blocks of a successful badminton game. They enable players to move effectively, maintain control, and apply pressure to opponents. Mastery of these skills, along with practice and strategy, can elevate your performance on the badminton court. modern rules that were published in a house called “Dunbar” at Six Waverley Grove, Portsmouth, England. 1899 - By 1899, they started the first badminton competition in the world, “All England Open Badminton Championships”. 1934 - By 1934, the International Badminton Federation (IBF, now known as the Badminton World Federation) was formed with England, Scotland, Wales, Canada, Denmark, France, Ireland, New Zealand, and the Netherlands as the founding members. 1948 - By 1948, the International Badminton Federation launched the first tournament: Thomas Cup (World Men’s Team Championships). 1972 - By 1972, Badminton became a demo sport at the Munich Olympics and became an official Olympic Sport at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics. At that time, only singles and doubles were listed. 1996 - By 1996, Mixed Doubles was included in the Atlanta Olympic Games, til now, Badminton is still the only sport with mixed doubles events in the Olympics. 2000 - These countries have won the gold medals at the Olympics since 1992 to 2020: Indonesia, Denmark, China, South Korea, Japan, and Spain. 2020 - The 21st century saw significant technological advancements in badminton equipment, including racquets and shuttlecocks, which led to changes in playing styles and strategies. Warm-up / Conditioning Exercises Mobility and Activation Simply put mobility is movement and stretching is holding a position. Activation is used to isolate areas of the body or muscles that need to wake up. Activation work is targeted to your weak areas. Mobility is targeted to your tight areas. Your core engages during resistance activities in which you're holding weight in your arms, such as biceps curls, squats, deadlifts, and military presses. They can be a low-intensity exercise that will give your body a break and help it heal from high- intensity training. Movement refers to the intentional physical activities and motions performed before, during, or after a workout session to prepare the body for strenuous exercise, enhance performance, reduce the risk of injury, and improve overall fitness. These movements can encompass a wide range of exercises, stretches, and dynamic activities tailored to the specific goals and needs of the individual or group. Pulse raisers Are activities designed to gradually increase the heart rate and prepare the body for more strenuous physical activity. These exercises aim to elevate the pulse and warm up the muscles, which helps reduce the risk of injury and improve overall performance during a workout or sports activity. The purpose of warming up before physical activity is to prepare mentally and physically for your chosen activity. Warming up increases your heart rate and therefore your blood flow. This enables more oxygen to reach your muscles Pulses provide protein and fibre, as well as a significant source of vitamins and minerals, such as iron, zinc, folate, and magnesium, and consuming half a cup of beans or peas per day can enhance diet quality by increasing intakes of these nutrients. Explosive Movements Standard explosive exercises use large muscle movements such as squats, power cleans, weighted or unweighted vertical jumps, heavy ball throws, or even hill sprinting. Smaller muscle exercises like bench presses or push-ups can also be used to build power but will limit the overall results to those muscle groups. Also an explosive strength is the speed at which you can use your strength! It involves heavy loading in shorter high speed movements for a few repetitions with long rest periods between Coordination and Reactions refer to the ability of an individual's nervous system to efficiently communicate with muscles and joints, allowing for smooth and precise movement patterns. These exercises aim to enhance the neuromuscular connection, which in turn improves an individual's overall athletic performance, agility, and responsiveness. Summary Mobility and activation exercises involve a series of movements and stretches designed to improve joint flexibility and muscle readiness, helping to prevent injuries and enhance overall physical performance. Movement patterns encompass a range of functional actions such as squatting, pushing, and pulling, forming the foundation of effective fitness routines. Pulse raisers, like jumping jacks or jogging in place, are brief cardiovascular activities that increase heart rate and blood flow, serving as effective warm-up components. Explosive movements focus on rapid, powerful bursts of strength and agility, often seen in activities like plyometrics, to enhance athletic prowess. Coordination and reactions involve exercises and drills that enhance the ability to move fluidly and respond quickly to external stimuli, fundamental for sports and everyday activities requiring agility and precision.