Physical Education Reviewer, Lecture notes of Physical Education and Motor Learning

Download Physical Education Reviewer and more Lecture notes Physical Education and Motor Learning in PDF only on Docsity! Physical Education is an integral part of educational program designed to promote optimum development of the individual, physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally through total body movement in the performance of properly selected physical activities. The word physical refers to the bodily characteristics such as physical strength, physical development, physical health, and physical appearance. It refers to the body as contrasted to the mind. Therefore, when the word education is added to the word physical, thus forming the phrase physical education. It refers to the process of education that concerns activities, which develop and maintain the human body. Under Physical Education, Physical Fitness is one of the topics on attaining physical health. Physical fitness refers to the ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living. PHYSICAL FITNESS PRINCIPLES SPECIFICITY - Pick the right kind of activities to affect each component. Strength training results in specific strength changes. Also, train for the specific activity you’re interested in. OVERLOAD - Work hard enough, at levels that are vigorous and long enough to overload your body above its resting level, to bring about improvement. REGULARITY - You can’t hoard physical fitness. At least three balanced workouts a week are necessary to maintain a desirable level of fitness. PROGRESSION - Increase the intensity, frequency and/or duration of activity over periods of time in order to improve. As you undertake a fitness program, it’s important to remember that fitness is an individual quality that varies from person to person. It is influenced by age, sex, heredity, personal habits, exercise and eating practices. You can’t do anything about the first three factors. Importance and Values of Physical Fitness THE IMPORTANCE OF PHYSICAL FITNESS It boosts overall health - Regular exercise is an important part of staying healthy and keeping your weight in check. Not only does it keep your lungs and heart healthy, but it strengthens your muscles and bones. Mounting studies also show that regular physical activity significantly reduces the risk for diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 diabetes, cancers, and more It helps prolong your life span. - Because it helps prevent diseases, one of the benefits of physical fitness through physical activity also aids in increasing your life expectancy. Studies shows that active people live longer than their less active counterparts. It promotes mental health. - During exercise, the body releases endorphins and serotonin – also called happy hormones – which help lower anxiety, stress, and tension. These hormones aid in blocking negative thoughts, uplifting one’s mood, and ensuring a good night sleep. Physical activity also encourages positive changes in the brain, promoting new growth and activity that yield a sense of calm and happiness. It increases strength and stamina for more rigorous activity. - Physical fitness enhances flexibility, bone density, and muscle strength. As your muscles grow and bone stronger, you also gain better balance and become more resistant against injury from a fall or slip. This strength also makes you more resilient for other physical activities. If you’re planning to do wall climbing or mountain climbing, adding daily exercise into your routine is a great start. It saves your health-related expenses. - A healthy body means less disease and less injury, preventing unwanted hospitalization and other healthcare costs in the long term. THE HUMAN MUSCLES The muscular system contains more than 600 muscles that work together to enable the full functioning of the body. The main functions of the muscles are as follows. 1. Movement - Move from place to place, movement of the body parts, breathing, circulation, feeding, digestion, defecation, urination, and childbirth Role in communication - speech, writing, and nonverbal communications. 2. Stability - Maintain posture by preventing unwanted movements. Antigravity muscles- resist the pull of gravity and prevent us from falling. Stabilize joints. 3. Control of Openings and Passageways Sphincters- internal muscular rings that control the movement of food, blood, fluids, urine, feces, bile and other materials CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES Excitability - ability to respond to stimulus. Contractibility – ability to contract. Extensibility – ability to be stretched without tearing. Elasticity – ability to return its normal shape. BODY TYPES Body type, or somatotype, refers to the idea that there are three generalized body compositions that people are predetermined to have. The concept was theorized by Dr. W.H. Sheldon back in the early 1940s, naming the three somatotypes endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph. It was originally believed that a person’s somatotype was unchangeable, and that certain physiological and psychological characteristics were even determined by whichever one a person aligns to. ENDOMORPH CHARACTERISTICS OF ENDOMORPH A pear-shaped body