Physical Science Reviewer|2024, Exams of Nursing

Download Physical Science Reviewer|2024 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 8 1 1. Astronomy Science of the universe outside the planet. 2. Gnomon Primitive version of sundial that observes the motion of the sun. 3. Summer Solstice Where the longest day of the year occurs (around June 21) 4. Winter Solstice Where the shortest day of the year occurs (around De- cember 21) 5. Distance be- tween Earth and Moon. 6. Earth's orbit around the Sun is slightly elliptical. 384,000 kilometers This means that the Sun travels across the sky at slightly different speeds from day to day depending upon where Earth is in its orbit. 7. Ecliptic The path the Sun appears to take around the celestial sphere each year 8. Moon Also called a satellite, a relatively small object that is orbiting around a planet. 9. Gibbous Moon This appearance is popularly called "the old moon in the new moon's arms." 10. Waxing Gibbous Phase The moon progresses through its waxing gibbous phase, where more and more of the sunlit part is exposed to us. 11. New Moon It appears only when the moon is on the side of the earth most directly in line with the sun. There is no illumination on the earth's side. 12. First Quarter (Moon Phase) 13. Full Moon Half the side of the moon facing the earth appears illumi- nated. 2 / 8 2 14. Third or Last Quarter (Moon Phase) The whole side of the moon is now illuminated to viewers from the earth. The full moon rises in the east as the sun sets in the west. Seen illuminated on half the side facing the earth. It is known as the waning crescent moon or the old moon as it approaches the phase of the new moon to complete the cycle. 15. 90 degrees At the first quarter, the angle between the sun, moon, and earth is at 90 degrees. 16. Lunar Eclipse The lining up of the earth, moon, and sun produces a lunar eclipse when the moon passes into the shadow of the earth. 17. Solar Eclipse A solar eclipse occurs when the moon's shadow falls on the earth. 18. Annual Motion Annual motion is the apparent yearly movement of the stars as observed from Earth as a direct effect of the Earth's revolution around the sun. 19. Precession of the Equinoxes Precession of the equinoxes is the apparent motion of the equinoxes along the ecliptic as Earth 'wobbles,'. 20. Equinox Intersects the celestial equator twice during a year at two points. 21. Vernal or spring equinox 22. Autumnal equinox happens every March 20 occurs every September 22. 23. Mercury Our closest neighbor, is a small, fast planet with scorching daytime temperatures. 24. Venus 5 / 8 5 This element is produced through Big Bang nucleosyn- thesis and is considered as the second most abundant element in the universe. 53. Protostar Object is formed from gas and dust particles which are pulled together by gravity wherein no nuclear fusion has happened yet 54. Carl Sagan Stated that we are made of star stuff. 55. When Hydrogen The sign that a protostar will transform into the next stage nuclear fusion begins 56. When does a When it runs out of fuel. star become un- stable? 57. Star This is a huge luminous ball of hot gas such as Hydrogen and Helium. 58. Big Bang Theory The accepted theory about the origin of the universe which accounts for its continuous expansion and the probable existence of a primordial atom. 59. Nucleosythesis The term used to describe the process which formed the elements in the universe 60. Big Bang Light elements such as hydrogen and helium are formed through the process of nucleosynthesis. 61. Hydrogen Element is the lightest and at the same time the most abundant in the universe. 62. Nuclear fusion A reaction in which two or more nuclei combine to form heavier nuclei. 63. Carbon Element is primarily formed when three atoms of helium are fused through the tri-alpha process 6 / 8 6 64. Stellar nucle- osynthesis The process in which elements are formed at the center of a star. 65. Supernova Nu- cleosynthesis Elements heavier than Iron are formed through. 66. Oxygen The element that is formed when Carbon atom is com- bined with Helium atom. 67. Main sequence star Phase of our sun in its life cycle. 68. Supernova Stage do massive stars explode and release large amount of energy 69. Three types of Intermolecular Forces (IMF) - Van der Waals Forces - Ion-dipole - Interaction H-bonding 70. Dispersion Forces (London Dispersion Forces) Named after the German physicist Fritz London (1900-1954). 71. Ion-dipole Inter- action The attraction is either between cation (+) or anion (-) with permanent polar molecules. 72. H-bonding - a special type of dipole-dipole interaction between the H-atoms in a polar bond. - The H-atoms in the molecules must be bonded with more electronegative atoms (O,N,F) to form with other molecules. 73. Atoms Are held together in molecule by strong intermolecular forces such as covalent and ionic bonds. 74. Cation Positively charged ions 75. Anion Negatively charged ions 7 / 8 7 76. Dipole Substance with negative and positive ends 77. Surface Tension This is the amount of energy required to stretch the sur- face area of liquids (e.g.,1 cm2). 78. Capillary Action It is the ability of liquid molecules to move against gravity. 79. Cohesion Intermolecular attraction between molecules. 80. Adhesion An attraction between unlike molecules. 81. Viscosity This is a measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. 82. Boiling point It depends on the equilibrium vapor pressure exerted by the liquid or solid above the liquid or the solid. 83. Solubility It is the ability of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) to dissolve in a given substance (solid, liquid, or gas). 84. Revolution Earth does this around the sun once a year. 85. Sunspot Dark region of the Sun due to lower temperature. 86. Eclipse an obscuring of the light from one celestial body by the passage of another between it and the observer or be- tween it and its source of illumination 87. Three laws of planetary motion Are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun, by Johannes Kepler 88. Circumference The perimeter of a circle or ellipse. 89. Oblate spheroid It is the shape of the Earth and some other planets. It is like a sphere squashed from the top so the diameter from pole to pole is less than the diameter from equator to equator. 90. Axis of the Earth An imaginary line through Earth. 91. Telescope