Physics Equation Sheet, Study notes of Physics

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= 1 4 ≈ 9 × 10 N m/C PHY-102/112 Equation Sheet for Test 3  Constants Charge of an electron or proton:  ≈ 1.6 × 10 C Electron-volt: 1 eV ≈ 1.6 × 10 J Coulomb’s constant: Electric constant:  ≈ 8.85 × 10 C/(N m) Speed of light in vacuum:  ≈ 3.00 × 10 m/s Magnetic constant:  = 4 × 10 N/A ≈ 1.257 × 10$ N/A Planck’s constant: ℎ = 6.63 × 10&' J s Bohr radius: * = 5.29 × 10 m  Interference and diffraction Path length difference for completely constructive interference: ∆, = -. with m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … Path length difference for completely destructive interference: ∆, = /- +  1 . with m = 0, 1, 2, 3, … Double slit interference: 2 sin 5 = -6. (constructive / maximum / light fringe) 2 sin 5 = (-6 + 7 8). (destructive / minimum / dark fringe) Multiple slits (grating): 2 sin 5 = -6. (constructive / maximum / light fringe) Single slit interference: 9 sin 5 = -:. (destructive / minimum / dark fringe) Limit of resolution (Rayleigh criterion): 5;<= = 1.22./9 Wavelength in transparent medium: . = ./> (. = wavelength in vacuum)  Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, etc. Speed of EM wave:  = ?. Wien’s Law: .;@A = B/C with B = 2.90 × 10& m K Energy of one photon: DEF = ℎ? = ℎ/. with ℎ = 1240 eV nm Momentum of one photon: G = DEF/ Energy of massive particle: D =   -H Momentum of massive particle: G = -H Photoelectric effect: I;@A = ℎ? − K De Broglie wavelength: . = ℎ/G Energy levels of single-electron atoms (Bohr model): DL = (−13.6 eV) O8 L8