Physics Formulas and Equations, Summaries of Fluid Mechanics

Download Physics Formulas and Equations and more Summaries Fluid Mechanics in PDF only on Docsity! Unk Con Versions litxe = lo? Ree Eee * oF 7 EN > “te, MOF Paccol CPa) = N/m® > leg = [08 Mme. Mpaa tom? + G pas [OT Yona m = Clocm)> Fe Ponse = ON Sye =4 100 Cent poise 2 N-S/yr = 19 Polke Steke = CMY ce * laY m*/cec = loocentistoke 9 M/Sec > O'S ekey Constants 8) Pure Saath SEA Cle Cc ~ JIglo N /en3 , R, = (000 ka /m3 = 1000 koF/m > kaye = [IV = Go=! , De f b) Mexcury (Ga, = 136 ) ¢) kevosine CGe = 0-173 ) Defni kent a Mass Meacky @) Deas (Pp) Mm PC = [000% Clg /m3) = ne = faG b) weight Density 6) Cpecifse usereht Cy) VY = AOG Crm) > Yseignt Pah Vo\u me c) Speci fre grow ty C&) G > 6 . ( No vail ) Sp-volume (J) = A> z vEnoineérine.net  =-www.Hasy Engineering.net Subsbl ken Choutd be in OT only mere (Cm), Cec Cs). Neu ben (CN) i Walt (W) 7 kg, Jes4 , Dr Ursr sec = W2ET TWUSCan) Ainswer Should be = Uma (Cans -11)x60 =27 Sec )) Ovooim - O:T7Im = mm ULE? sec . Mag], = 1141 Coo!) aim > ™ r = [hr (Ans!- 1 )xGe= 4! prin, (Anyr 1 (/x60>27 4¢e ) __ : 7 Rg eas “ee fst =» He wneton 60S = SUM => min & Sec = ™ min (mg, — 7) x60 See > 60 mn > Qeoosec? hrs, mee af Cec E sec = Fe = him (br ) Ir Sn KO See > “i ; EbUoo see > doy ~ Pi srerl 33 = A Cie), Gym-h) x60 Cintny eoon > Nv > a y) 2 EN * (ms —m)xb60 (Led > [020 a Gt Ji ven Valuy or iy Cw type) and if ok “adie EUS we ee eee, Tua ie oe a ge Seno www.EasvEneineering.net |  www.EasyEngineering.net"” tre Su € f ies S Moser 5 Ch kgfifye = ONGH FF Ene Rotem > 1O-Bm ef wokr = 0'16m of mercury § AG 10K 13 m= («101-04 kA/m* ) = |000 «x Ja. ko ine (- }.o3% kao J e bsolute = Raum + owne - Ratn ~ Waccam/gucien — 1 / for Seime ~«\ ; W Z:0 Att =p ( F = Force cipered °° iver (« ee Pressure intensity Acveloped due + oar) Weight |i ed ly Pre Felulbenk force F. lA) = C Ww Pre fSure irmbens: ty at tLe Bam ) L)- bur be Manome Fer ee —__eaae 4 Crauge pressure. @ Certre ef Pipe : Where f Heckel pipe Pe pe | | | ss ; : = (qui in ae of manome eA li'gad (mostly iti merowry = VE" 6) * G | Grin > Se: a le . \ bepe limb ; My i Zz Caf P rr = Diet of limb level (+2) Right limb > Lefe mb resure , he f +b fan Joss P Reg nt lim, < Let Iimb se ( _ vegsure , |e “ / + 2 $n, left limb 7 Centre ’ [> pe | Pea ake hound et vect’. { p., limb LZ Cenkve *+ pipe L Te prescat will Change ( Then levels of hmbs will Change by 3) h-ht ay ( ** When Pressure Increosed 2. = zt -ve When [Oressuve decreates of Pi Pe versed cor eC eck on|y on 4 h ) 4: ( Si 2=Kpkame. EasvEngoineerine.net —_. www.EasyEngineering.net 7 "7 | Single CBA Mand me ber cr | inverted Yr tube a Mans Me y-bube differentro) ™enemere (Fm eo Fry Lh on “Ai Side ) | ( thic Se a R Side 5 www.EasvEngineering.net | www.EasyEngineering.nét HDI YDROS; 7 ATI¢ ATIC ‘force oe Qrfeces | a) Plane Sav face iMme «Leck Hori rn telly ( €3° LAjyosteA pre t Sure on be then eee j Surface of 4-tho fon K “Totkel precsue F - VAX (Lx vent:cs) Ti - —- = Kah = i Aoe ii ol h = K ( a Y+-=] sh b) Plane Suv Face immerlect Ver Booty eg: USotr@A Pre Sluve oaeee x ie J F-8aAx Cis hortrente! ) Cr=9+4) - 17, 2 : n= xX ie La =~ A+ a C Rectensle) “| * = x + BS ( Circle ) J “Inelined Plane -- SAL LS y+ 4-sino- \ on O = Angle of [Plane wih h+ “at = Bee Surface of wo ter Where gia” Y= Water Surface — bip of Plane Sr (ace y= Wwatea Garher =—- GG oC Plane Surface (i-e Pre [Curt head @ Co ) ~ h = Centre ef Pressure «e) > Wokea Sarfereg - C0 of plone Surflacg (?-e Pressure heed | 2 Cp A= Areal ty furlae ~ “Las PUT about 6@ of Shae . ) ee oO “Tao Contes ning A Ar(ferent liquids d) Total pressut oy each Side of Funke F = Area a PrefSurt dragram X usrd Ey of- born ke bY Centre of Pressure 9,4, lh - C'& of (oressue vag ram Poem Lop. 3; 4), Vid, (Pre ot Oe Sion bake Barts) Preston eingram é ponent te Should be Mento\necl be Skay the Object in Cay [o bri umn 2% > FCh-* 2G) Opposite [i qari cls (29. (i ce dame, lect gehy < -ekt ) Resultant Tete pressore ( Fra = FAi-f ) Cent-re -f Pre Sfur from hinge he = Fih\ - Fhe Tr e ( 41+ dyore ) - h, ("* Ors kaneg hen < (‘Sat Aaa ) he binge — F ] -.www.EasvEngeineering.net Pitot Cube Velocity at any Pornt V = Cy J2gh h - + Cif Gasle tbe ) = % 2-1) (if 0; Herentral be ) ° ( Skagnaton ~ Stabe ) [Ore cv. re head te To Pind Velocity f Flaw (ie Meon Vetoc ty (V = kv) (lee 1) ( oe ) QQ: Area of Flow x ¥ = Wyte dg ( A= Arash Pipe itn ) www.EasvEneineerine.net www. EasyEngineering.net  Theon' bat Rischorse Qh, = hrerea of Opening (ay x Vin Qact = Ca Qn = Cia §z9H re \ f2gy\ Coeicent of Dischaye Caziccn Gy Coe Ruent of Contractton CG) Cc - Ayre of Aischorg T<E Area of Openirg . Coefficient of Velocity (G) a SugyH @a point Ge Fev Shear p edged Cd= O62 , Headl Ae Loss of Afozzle “ie nel |S 4 ac oe Race of- Nozirle Large or: aod as Called when 2 Deetr of opens a > 5 through rec Eang Ae oni fice 1) DisOnerge ) D [ u*- I te | OQ = Z Cs L (2g zu Luhen tvreaked Crnal| OF Free A>s- Qt . fError = a, P re SSuye. @e_ the fErnd of Norrle% ot Bre = Atmospheric Pressure - Zero Jauge Pice. (i (arge. opemmnys ) ( for tic , (A, - Bor otter type of OF fay Valug near to hese i Pre ofarrt Q = CaaSes K tS Not APelica ote ) > Height £ liquid above the Lop edge of ost hice. Hes ht of [iqputel Above tne holtem edge of oxife ¢ —_,— \? ‘ a in & 1s d = th www.EasyEnoineering.net = . o eae www.LEasy Engineering.net 7 2 ; ; 2) Salonrerged @) Drowned Oshice t | 2 dss D7ff of wotn (2 tn Q= Ca a AZ Ue ( on, boty noes sft Ce 2) Par = Submerged OV: bce | la. cared of Pin | Qy = Drs Chorye Ehrough Submerged porbon Cab (Us — Hus) §25 Hw Q. = \Discharse through Pree porbon > 2avsy [ Ha wee | a) “Time weq k= empty Qa ~Tanle Cheugh We xe an (SH, Ie) ( Fro Hy be Ha) “ Caa Se Lip Tribal hegnt of liqud ra He Hegnt ef hqud afta T c =~ 4 To pty ee Pee b) Time weg empty a Hemigpherice) bank a te [se (ot cs (ut wit) | Caa SY c) eo [en drum . YL peo = C2e-t) | a BcyaSey de ee a eer eee ee a oe tte eM ei Mi ietue Gos ; www.EasvEnoineering.net L  Rector any Weir noth C Coa 0622) & = s Cat Cee 14 S/o. ( Narre.d Crested 2% * I+) q A. Tetantalen W/m) Ca = 0-6) , F s ( For Right ansle Errangle Z i _ a Q = BS Catand Sgt f ~qe ao ben Sel % iP oc. | : me, vr distance A Rectangular Wor & After Tansy lon wer bs kWen Qrec = Q Triapyle | F- Tra pe 2oiclol Notch [wer Q = Cas S% cee # Ba, tan L (4 fo Cipotterts were ( ten&--a + n=a | > 3 cs LH" ete. Ogee eer a ~ | 3I a A = = Cal {2g 4 * - C ae (Cc: Coe phere of Spitiaoy ) & ! . ) lS SS me 5: Rroaod CC® ectcd Wer aos ia : oar Qe Cyr-hi 7 Ct-h) ? mz é ; ot be Boren = 195 cal wn (e AS 6 pre h= +h ) ane ha : 2 W205 Gat CAt ye Et Q = ca LSB Cu-h)~ “Gs, 04 2 CK-h) : ; 6s, C cur ehaye refs) + <a Uh CECU—bahe) | = (Aeocl of cpworkA on DY; of ~ ze head of umdu on YC of weir , tint, = Woiflerence of head lorly  yEngineering.ne Francis Formula Cau. 0.622 > 25 Cs SF = {at ) Q= (ey Lu? Rea ai nl ¢ | Poe mula oO fy : :. Sg ore i Va 8 Congnten 7 he N46 Se a SC es) Rectansle Linn? ting Valcaeg da . 2 du Trreurgle Dischoge = @ dQ a4 . 5 Ay | @ a Time Reg Utrect ( From H, b Ae 1) | a) Rec taggle = ee oer st a : : = el. Gisg LR Via Wetted CLs ame . 4. ? FEIN Vom bunk » ©@ i, Fe bebecitas ci asia ei cee : SOs Tae ~ www.EasvEngineering.m  asyEngin += lows Thong Pipes (se Danning far) Raneld:s Mumbey Ree Py Vo Logs sf Eneny = es Qh N-™/cec @) Rowers Velooky of Hv) [= Awe Am %) From MS Chong e Ve s A= Hi | (ee Wo b) From Chery Wi ce Jeni | p' Prrckon Pucter = 4f O Hydraulic Sadiuy me= 4S = P= Co-efhrcient of Fricton . hp = BOB x. =) Hydraulic Gradient C = us: Chezys Consbent c . [S82 - | Loss of Head ( Ais Revs) Lioss of heacl che do Phare = Or ference of | lerelp of pipe bea lerptuCry Magor (acc due se (Fric ton) _ Minor lose due ko OMeg a) Due E> rican : | 3 : h GPly* _ f'tv> ~ Glv* Ce P= “gap ~*~ @D C2 b) AE the Entrance <P pipe Ac > O-5 9 c) Due Ep Sudclen enlargement Here . Viz Velouty of fjga 11 Navrod pipe ) oe. 2 Af ‘ir un tt me Wider Pi pe bh, - “U-ve) ( = “6 a d) eae las. Cuditier Contrack&on : Htore (LATE 2 08 %E CP 6 tt ginny (Yo nos 2 ¢) At be Exit of Pi pe ris S Free @) may be Canrected Onotren tent | Van h- & Ce ie  www.lasyEngineering.net he Depench bee sf Vit G9 Si ty . , 4 Renola's number RB. PVD | vo AA © a) Lomi nar Flaw Chrough Heoviwatal Pipe Re Gp. pl. 64 | _ Leming, —— € Zoee | IR. Trane: bon 2Zooo-Nosa ¥ he = Seal ) — i Terbilent 7 988 a by Lartnar elon b/, buss Poreil(h Flak Plate is iy Re 1. Q2y . Re. Pye me HES uf ne (Moe a ) TransiGuer [Sag- eos <€ Rid; he — (eZ arve ee an wi ae Tar balent 7% 2008 tre a) Turbulent Flan Gee. eee : eo" ‘ Hessure Fracki ene ( ~e ) = Pi- Pe = oO) Laminer Pow Cornyn H-» rirenteol Pipe ® Shear Severs Ais Gi baton of- Porkicle BR. 2 coas ~ ee s _>P no 7 te ge ae jew woe ye | CMa OER) “3 b) ae _AS ET bu bon of Parke , : 2 a (“28 Cee rt) + Urn = Cpe @ ¥0 Men velecty of How 22 re ae Ve di (A) RE 4 Ve ame @ A= oe Viv b) Laminoy Flow o/n “Tosa Porallel Flat Plates a Shear Cores¢, Aaistxr buk'on ee CRE)(E-a) (thn @ howe) b) — oe of porkicle on ($5 ) Cty Od ot Ymey Ge Be ¢) Mean Velocty of Pima | Ve wu CH) er 4 VES @ Yeour £ Omg Ver’ www:EasvEneineeringe.net |  www.EasyEngineering.ne Lo f oo pay had minor B | in Open | Kenta eee ‘Tar bulent > 2000 Renold's Number 2 7 PVR | fr : (2 Sub Crtktcal 6) Tonerto - Flaws = 2 Super crcl 6) Rapid >| | @r) Trongu § Loa ee. os 2 Speci Re fenem-| LSS “= + + 2) Caribcal Flow —s -_ LOherce Depthef flos C3) Hydraulic . Rectras CR) _ (Deptn iL Choon - if (E ef Bunning Bary ) (Welted area f. ¢ Chenneh welted re rime ter welled — Orta of. Cho neh ‘ So ( ; (= Slepe ef Chenned loottem ( <2: C= 2°13& xig"% = @ iazexiw) e ) ~pP Hydraulic Deptu EDD ee Se THSOnoiwe CO a  Cons tent ay Chezy's Cong tant ' rss I ‘C Ss 2% =e fo OoolSS \N_ | | + (ae z VR b) Manning's Can Stunt N= =p o Rarinss Constant Ic = SR ( ae = |-21) DMecign Should be MT os & FE Cenomi col a) Rec tongulor Seckon ( rm=2y ~ y b) “Tavang Wlar Seckon ( R oe 4 c) “Trapercide Sectton ( R = 2 * 2) Ca raler Secken ( noe TRAE) A Pa) ee ror Mon Vel ocs ty ( Yr O.gl a For mex Rilchoryh ( Ycousd - nS : www.Easy Engineering.net N= {eulter's Constent CAlsSo Calleet) Rough ne c/ Cre Prcrent => only a he Uni ly C= Sme ter (Sec er) Most | cent Chonnel Lectron . Rasa O-us° z-1 ) R+eo2zy =~ ¥ \1+2? 2 = he ey ( {eri - = ) a 961:5 3 R= oZod } | (.'d= Iota of pr pe/ ss oad’) og" A chornck 3 Said be be most CConomicat f rr. givy Che max Ai'schorye for given Crass-Seckroral Arta _ baltom Slope € sOugh he cs, T« also Colled Beck Cecbhor or Most ePRrcent Seabeon. * ¢ By \ | ree ei wo a = iin ata kaplan tur bine —. 1 yi Dp = Dra of bur bine 1D i schovye © - + (o& pi) Ve Cire outer dio of lurbine) (Dy e (ra of. hub /bocs ¥) Flan Velocity Ve - lee S25H > Ice Floa wobo ( o1\5- oS) ( Acssme 0-2) Criven 1, BH, Bae. wep be ( ka + (ep ) Tint ID,N Solin oh Pp Ro eae q=2 © L.- Zen ( a-?) Q ve. lp TSA Tw (ntpe) ve CO=2%) Aly U = sor ( N= r) 4 www.EasvEngineering.net www.EasyEngineering.net Hycdvaulic Previous ques bane ») Zol4 ( 3om) (@No: Za) Find the Ait cho e through a wectangwar ost fice 2:om cheep Filted be a Woke kank. The woku level in me tank is Som Above ‘ne Erp edge of Mme ox fee, Take Cis OVO. wide aad 5m Sal) Given Height -f voter above tre hop edge of: ar fice CH) + om Hes bt of Coden Aabow He bottom edge of on: Pree c H.) > Wsm Logidty of osfce Cb): 2m. Ga — 0-6 @ The ~ Mischorge Oh roug by wectomulor om FCe aie Ht : Qe Fa b Sq a ' ; : ; 2 = ae | © ax o62% 2* Sexe e 1 [ws as ) \e = (S42 ™/fec f a ee | : | | i sy 67 i a L Cec wee . — ’s) eol2 (Cs) (awe. 2b) Calculate re dis chorge Ehrough & (pipe of, Are, a Lohen the difference ct heat Sebween two ady of a pipe Sade Apark ¢F Ym of of pre SSure Value of ae O:009 in the Pormula hip = GPLy Wscatea » Take tne ae oy : ) Pipe Aa, Cd) = orem Lengir-f pipe CL) = Fem ° it Tae HOP Chisn tend loss CH)> he > om (*" wager Pree [ony B dine PC bam only) U-. 0 1004 508d K vo = & Ftv . => u- = ee es he : eed 2x9 lx OrzZ 2 O1F%24 -- Velociky of woses Cv) Isec a = = Wd?xnv ji pe ‘@Q I= AW -'s PMTSchorye twos PP e Kx 02> «x O24 Q@ = O102954y [fee Q = 2A BU 18 foe | ‘ ‘ wo See ee i oe ewww. BasvEnemeeringe. net« i www.EasyEngineering.net 3% 2012 (20m) Cana Ba). , or < Lohak ao ow Neon by MiS CaS} ty 2 Velow ky ticEat button of Plaid of fh wha UN Dre " eee | dynam WiSCoSky (S 62 pole ig Ve 2/_$ “Y™ Velodky m m/sec ata AStong y Meter above the Plate, Ackermin, the Shear Stress at Ure and Ysols, (ike Ayremic ve cee Ft P fenrel rs S62 poise. So) 03) Vr Seociky ov) Absofute See oo) Rynemic Via Si by C+”) The weer of Flue Which fers resistance Eo he Movement of One layer of Plaid Over adgacent layes ; pra = Sheor Stress | | - aoe N$/op @r) Poise. (Raabe of. anjulov dcfor retion Avyay) : Pp biem _ . < A nN -s we ViSCaSity Cu) = 362 porte = O01 862 © po {A = ary- ¥™ > AW . 2 : Ay = S a 24 fA . %& Shear Sterecs (Y)= * Ry hE Gi) At Yy=-0 , | dX @ exv0> & — c —~F 7 ite | AY . : : ‘ 2 = QO. 3 ny eR Shear Stress Cr) = 868 RA O:575 im G) AR ye elm dy z= PRONE: = 0-387 “Fy 5 ey : Shear serecs () = 887% OBER. O'ZIEE Ame” >< eer ox a . j ms he Si ah ae tll Pea = z et a et, a = eer www.EasvEngeineerine.net gigi Senn ep tas nen tyme aac eee ers ee ee eee te cree ee www.EasyEngineering.ne ; 1) or CisM) (Camo 5a) 3 The pace. betseen byxo Porxallel platy Umm apert % Lthed cpr ty : an oik of Se.3* O.§S, The OPP. Plate of Area Soocm* +6 deagg ed F vor Conskenk Velouly “+f O15 ms by APE a force of 0-2 (eh * rE b +p rE. A\sSume C Grighl frre Yotor by ap bi buwlon and Calafate velou+4. Gradient , dynomic Vis Cosily of. ort in poise and lcinemoktc Vis Cale boy in Stoke. Di Stene of frloty = yUxto 4 m 0.08 m* St) Sp-q- G@= ofS Brea CA) = Swokto. = Velooyy Cu) = o75~/5 Karke Cede O28 xa-BUN * a) Velocity grodi ent [-462 9 ae O.75-0 . (87,5 See” { = eT ere \ ‘ Fy U-xtg 3-0 Wh) Shear Chess v : | 1962 . L4S2s Yen mr Cos : =e = T > -ZsS kg F fene Cc) Dynomic NSS ge Qn 525 | An a (S15 eve) "* . a) | cinermoatc | wrScos: b | ee Oe ee eS RI eee m vp P J ovoKo'85 ee a ao = hsy Steoly EES WWW eas YEngineerIng NCE 2 ae Cism) ( ano: 5a) | TRe Space bie tus een tivo gare. = Oils Each Side of the plate is Coca. WohWdth mover at. BSm Per Lee veg Plat powatich platy Mled Wwity The thickness of tre oj}! Porn CS (2°a mem . ‘The Upp” plot a force of Agin te manksn G } Dy Nannvec Ve Sac: ky of cork , im porse and the Speed Ryrferm ine. j Eno Sp-gr @) The [einemotc Viton ky of tre ath, rn Steky - f e OP'S of the oi is Os, See) Garven e | Ares of Plote = O6KOG = OS 6 me Entce of Off Co)= lesxot = O-olham | Constant velodty Cu) > 2&5 m/se« Force CH) = AKIN Sheor Chres (%) = ae = Ses O'26 = 21255 Woe Velod ty dl gradient (us) 25-0. | _z@60 O+9[2< - ° ax) MOynemic Viscosity ; 7 Py benar ogg CASA HEE Wee, [> Oe(UQU hel www.EasvEngineering.net a) WR EASY ETISINGSEMR REE rr ee gq) 9.00E (15M) C9 No Sb) A fPPaten Wheel ts Lo he designed Fo, Ene sGe-cinp Speci feet oar Shaft power e (te7272 kw ys [peal =S60om Ce¢ced = 150 a prm 2 OVeral | 2 fhrden o - § 64. oO : "ameter 'g not te exceed one-cyxty of Wheel Aimer Determine Gi) The hee hrometer Ge) The number of TRY TER red ond Gi) Prameke of the gee Uo | Take Coeffrdent of Viheosi by = OUST “and Cpeed TOE oF = Oras. : Sox) Given P= [eT22Kp02"N | [t= S60m, N= Worpim ~ Loz B6y. fet 4 levs odes’, kee See je 0:86 192x103 D9 is han > F110 XQ K 360 Q = Gi S76 Xe w2/ceo | gore ‘ ku S2se Ss Or 5 x ( zeqre(x S60 = $2: : en 2108 > Or25m | 582 Vv edodky L Te Ve ley SO > Ob n bee QWKUNE( xB60 2 BS66 ce) Gin A + tp AAS o Q =. ary xn TT \ & ZE.66 xn 2 .ern ue = ur O85 N > BS - (1) Noek gels wequical OD= + nes hy 48 i topenatsn FF