Physics speed and density, Exams of Physics

Download Physics speed and density and more Exams Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Page 1 of 34 1. A ruler is used to measure the length of an object. What is the length of the object? A. 3.0cm B. 4.0cm C. 5.0cm D. 6.5cm 2. The diagram shows an enlarged drawing of the end of a meter rule. It is being used to measure the length of a small feather. What is the length of the feather? A. 19 mm B. 29 mm C. 19 cm D. 29 cm 3. The diagram shows a plastic rod alongside a ruler. What is the length of the rod? A. 2.5 cm B. 3.5 cm C. 7.0 cm D. 9.0 cm 4. A student measures the length of a rod XY by holding it next to a metre rule. The student writes down the length as 94.8 cm. Which statement is correct? A. The value is correct B. The value is incorrect because it should be 95.2 cm C. The value is incorrect because it should be in millimetres D. The value is incorrect because the student should subtract the reading for end Y from the reading for end X 5. The diagram shows part of a ruler. The ruler is used to find the length of a nail. What is the length of the nail? A. 2.2cm B. 2.7 cm C. 3.2 cm D. 3.7 cm Key Concept 1: Density Page 2 of 34 6. The diagram shows four identical spheres placed between two wooden blocks on a ruler. What is the diameter of one sphere? A. 1.0 cm B. 2.0 cm C. 3.0 cm D. 4.0 cm 7. The diagram shows two identical spheres placed beside a ruler. What is the radius of one sphere? A. 4.0 mm B. 5.0 mm C. 8.0 mm D. 10 mm 8. The diagram shows the height of a stack of identical coins. What is the thickness of one coin? A. 0.20 mm B. 2.0 mm C. 0.24 cm D. 2.0 cm 9. The diagram shows a rectangular metal sheet close to two rulers. What is the area of the metal sheet? A. 700 cm2 B. 875 cm2 C. 900 cm2 D. 1125 cm2 10. Diagram 1 shows a solid, rectangular-sided block. Diagram 2 shows the same block from the front and from the side. Meter rules have been shown close to the edges of the block. What is the volume of the block? A. 120 cm3 B. 168 cm3 C. 264 cm3 D. 1155 cm3 Page 5 of 34 23. The diagram shows a measuring cylinder used to measure the volume of a small stone. What is the volume of the stone? A. 8 cm3 B. 9 cm3 C. 14 cm3 D. 26 cm3 24. Diagram 1 shows a measuring cylinder containing some water. Diagram 2 shows the same measuring cylinder after a piece of rock has been slowly submerged in the water. What is the volume of the piece of rock? A. 15 𝑐𝑚3 B. 20 𝑐𝑚3 C. 23 𝑐𝑚3 D. 35 𝑐𝑚3 25. A student uses a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of a quantity of water. Which action would make her result less accurate? A. making sure her eye is level with the water surface B. making sure the cylinder is vertical C. reading the bottom of the meniscus D. using the largest measuring cylinder possible 26. Diagram 1 shows a measuring cylinder containing water. Five identical steel balls are now lowered into the measuring cylinder. Diagram 2 shows the new water level in the cylinder. What is the volume of each steel ball? A. 6 cm3 B. 14 cm3 C. 30 cm3 D. 70 cm3 27. A student uses a measuring cylinder to measure the volume of some water. The diagram shows part of the measuring cylinder. The top and bottom of the meniscus are labelled. What is the volume of the water? A. 47.0 cm3 B. 47.5 cm3 C. 49.0 cm3 D. 49.5 cm3 Page 6 of 34 28. Drops of water are dripping steadily from a tap (faucet). The diagram shows a measuring cylinder which has collected 120 drops of water. How many drops in total will have been collected when the measuring cylinder reads 10 cm3? A. 48 B. 60 C. 180 D. 300 29. The diagrams show an experiment to determine the volume of a stone. What is the volume of the stone? A. 3 cm3 B. 4 cm3 C. 7 cm3 D. 11 cm3 30. A geologist compares the volumes of three rocks, X, Y and Z. Three measuring cylinders contain different volumes of water. He places each rock into one of the measuring cylinders. The diagrams show the measuring cylinders before and after the rocks are put in. Which row shows the volumes of X, Y and Z in order, from largest to smallest? largest volume → Smallest volume A. X Z Y B. Y X Z C. Y Z X D. Z Y X 31. The diagram shows a stone of irregular shape. Which property of the stone can be found by lowering it into a measuring cylinder half-filled with water? A. length B. mass C. volume D. weight Page 7 of 34 32. The diagrams show the readings on a measuring cylinder before and after a small metal cube is added. How many more identical cubes can be added to the cylinder, without causing the water to overflow? Do not include the cube already in the cylinder. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 33. The diagrams show an empty rectangular box, and the same box filled with liquid. The box has a mass of 60g when empty. When filled with liquid, the total mass of the box and the liquid is 300g. The density of the liquid is 1.2 g/cm3. What is the volume of the liquid in the box? A. 50 cm3 B. 200 cm3 C. 250 cm3 D. 300 cm3 34. A student is trying to find the density of water and of a large, regularly shaped concrete block. Which apparatus is needed to find the density of both the water and the concrete block? A. balance, clock, measuring cylinder B. balance, clock, ruler C. balance, measuring cylinder, ruler D. clock, measuring cylinder, ruler 35. A person measures the length, width, height and mass of a metal block with rectangular sides. Which of these measurements must be used in order to calculate the density of the metal? A. mass only B. height and mass only C. length, width and height only D. length, width, height and mass 36. A student is told to measure the density of a liquid and also of a large cube of metal. Which pieces of equipment are sufficient to be able to take the measurements needed? A. balance, measuring cylinder and ruler B. balance and thermometer C. measuring cylinder and ruler D. measuring cylinder, ruler and thermometer 37. Two cylinders are made of the same metal. Both cylinders have the same cross-sectional area but one is longer than the other. Which quantity is the same for both cylinders? A. density B. mass C. resistance D. volume Page 10 of 34 51. A small bottle has a mass of 20 g when empty. The volume of the bottle is 10 cm3. When full of liquid, the total mass is 150 g. What is the density of the liquid? A. 0.50 g / cm3 B. 2.0 g / cm3 C. 13 g / cm3 D. 15 g / cm3 52. The mass of a piece of metal is 1200 g. A measuring cylinder contains 150 cm3 of water. The piece of metal is put into the measuring cylinder. The water level rises to 250 cm3 and covers the metal. What is the density of the metal? A. 3 g/ cm3 B. 4.8 g/ cm3 C. 8.0 g/ cm3 D. 12.0 g/ cm3 53. A measuring cylinder has a mass of 120 g when empty. When it contains 50 cm3 of a liquid, the total mass of the measuring cylinder and the liquid is 160 g. What is the density of the liquid? A. 40 50 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 B. 50 40 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 C. 120 50 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 D. 160 50 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 54. A liquid has a volume of 100 cm3 and a mass of 85g. The density of water is 1.0 g/cm3. How does the density of the liquid compare with the density of water? A. Its density is higher than that of water B. Its density is lower than that of water C. Its density is the same as that of water D. It is impossible to say with only this data 55. The mass of a measuring cylinder is 190 g. 400 cm3 of liquid is put into the measuring cylinder. The total mass of the measuring cylinder and the liquid is 560g. Four solid objects are lowered in turn into the liquid. The densities of the objects are shown. 1 0.40 g/cm3 2 0.90 g/cm3 3 1.2 g/cm3 4 2.7 g/cm3 Which objects will float in the liquid? A. 1 only B. 1 and 2 only C. 1, 2 and 3 D. 3 and 4 only 56. Four hollow glass spheres P, Q, R and S each have a mass of 72 g. Their volumes are given in the table. Which spheres sink in a liquid of density 0.9 g / cm3? A. P, Q and R B. Q, R and S C. R and S only D. S only 57. Two objects P and Q are placed in a beaker containing a liquid. Object P floats in the liquid and object Q sinks. Which row for the densities of object P, object Q and the liquid is possible? Density of object P (g/cm3) Density of object Q (g/cm3) Density of liquid (g/cm3) A 1.2 0.6 0.8 B 1.2 1.4 1.0 C 11.3 8.9 13.6 D 11.3 19.3 13.6 Page 11 of 34 58. A rectangular gymnasium is 50 m long, 25 m wide and 8.0 m high. The density of air is 1.2 kg/m3 What is the best estimate of the mass of air in the gymnasium? A. 0.00012 kg B. 100 kg C. 8300 kg D. 12 000kg 59. The density of air is 1.2 kg / m3. A room has dimensions 5.0 m × 4.0 m × 3.0 m. What is the mass of the air in the room? A. 0.02 kg B. 0.10 kg C. 50 kg D. 72 kg 60. Water has a density of 1000 kg /m3. A rectangular swimming pool has an average depth of 1.6 m. The length of the pool is 25 m. The width of the pool is 10 m. What is the mass of the water in the swimming pool? A. 2.5 kg B. 400 kg C. 400 000 kg D. 800 000 kg 61. The diagram shows a cuboid block made from a metal of density 2.5 g/cm3. What is the mass of the block? A. 8.0 g B. 16 g C. 50 g D. 100 g 62. The diagram shows a rectangular block of density 2 g/ cm3. What is the mass of the block? A. 2 g B. 6 g C. 14 g D. 24 g 63. The diagram shows the dimensions of a rectangular block of metal of mass m. Which expression is used to calculate the density of the metal? A. 𝑚 × 𝑝 × 𝑞 B. 𝑚 × 𝑝 × 𝑞 × 𝑟 C. 𝑚 (𝑝 × 𝑞) D. 𝑚 (𝑝 × 𝑞 × 𝑟) 64. The tank shown has the dimensions 5.0 m x 4.0 m x 4.0 m. It is completely filled with water of density 1000 kg /m3. What is the mass of water in the tank? A. 12.5 kg B. 62.5 kg C. 16 000 kg D. 80 000 kg Page 12 of 34 65. A metal block has the dimensions shown. Its mass is 1000 g. What is the density of the metal? A. ( 5 × 10 1000 × 2 ) 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 B. ( 2 × 5 × 10 1000 ) 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 C. ( 1000 × 2 5 × 10 ) 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 D. ( 1000 2 × 5 × 10 ) 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3 66. The block of metal shown has a mass of 240 g. What is the density of the metal? A. 0.25 g/cm3 B. 4.0 g/cm3 C. 16 g/cm3 D. 14400 g/cm3 67. A cube of side 2.0cm is placed on a balance. What is the density of the cube? A. 0.90 g/ cm3 B. 1.2 g/ cm3 C. 1.8 g/ cm3 D. 3.6 g/ cm3 68. The diagrams show four blocks with the same mass. Which block is made from the least dense material? A. B. C. D. Page 15 of 34 77. A measuring cylinder containing only water is placed on an electronic balance. A small, irregularly shaped stone is now completely immersed in the water. The diagrams show the equipment before and after the stone is immersed. What is the density of the material of the stone? A. 1.7 g/cm3 B. 3.3 g/cm3 C. 4.5 g/cm3 D. 8.7 g/cm3 78. A student carries out experiments to find the mass and the volume of four samples of rock. The graph shows the results. Which pair are samples of the same type of rock? A. P and Q B. P and S C. R and Q D. Q and S 79. Three liquids P, Q and R have different densities and do not mix. The liquids are placed in a measuring cylinder and allowed to settle. A small block is then dropped into the measuring cylinder and comes to rest, as shown. Which statement about the density of the block is correct? A. It is equal to the density of Q. B. It is greater than the density of P. C. It is greater than the density of R. D. It is less than the density of Q. Page 16 of 34 Free response: 1. The length of a rectangular sheet of plastic is measured using a short ruler, as shown in the figure below (not full size) a. From the ruler in the figure, find the length, in cm, of the sheet. b. The sheet of plastic has a thickness of 0.50 cm and a width that is half its length. Calculate the volume of the sheet of plastic. c. The plastic has a density of 1.2 g/cm3. i. Calculate the mass of the sheet. ii. Which laboratory instrument could be used to check the mass of the sheet? 2. Five identical steel balls are measured with a rule graduated in cm, as shown in Fig. 1.1. a. Use the figure to find the diameter of one ball. b. What instrument would be used to measure the mass of a ball? Page 17 of 34 3. a. Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 show the dimensions of a rectangular block being measured using a ruler. They are not shown full size. Use the scales shown to find the length and the width of the block, giving your answers in cm. length of block ................. cm width of block ...................... cm b. When the block was made, it was cut from a piece of metal 2.0 cm thick. Calculate the volume of the block. c. Another block has a volume of 20 cm3 . Fig. 1.3 shows the reading when the block is placed on a balance. Find the density of this block. Page 20 of 34 8. A student has a pile of A4 paper for his computer printer. Figure shows the dimensions of the pile of paper. a. The pile contains 500 sheets of paper. Calculate the average thickness of one sheet of paper. b. Show that the pile of paper has a volume of 3000 𝑐𝑚3. Use the information shown in the figure. c. The student measures the total mass of the paper in the pile. State the name of a device used to measure mass. d. The mass of the paper in the pile is 2400g. Calculate the density of the paper. 9. Figure below shows a coil of wire. a. A student measures the length of the coil using a ruler. His measurement is 3.8cm. There are 20 turns of wire in the coil. The student uses his measurement to calculate the average thickness of the wire. i. Show that the average thickness of the wire is about 0.2cm. ii. The student’s measurement of 3.8 cm is inaccurate. Suggest one reason why the measurement is inaccurate. Page 21 of 34 b. The volume of the wire in the coil is 16.6 cm3 and its mass is 148 g. Calculate the density of the metal used for the wire in the coil. c. The student has a measuring cylinder and a beaker of water, as shown in Fig. 1.2. Describe how the student can determine the volume of the coil by using the equipment shown in Fig. 1.2. 10. Some liquid is poured into the measuring cylinder shown in Fig. 1.1. a. Use Fig. 1.1 to estimate the volume of the liquid. b. On the enlarged part of Fig. 1.1, draw the liquid level when another 25cm3 of liquid has been added to the measuring cylinder. c. Explain why it would be more accurate to use a narrower measuring cylinder to measure liquid volumes like that in Fig. 1.1. Page 22 of 34 11. The volume of a stone is to be found using the equipment illustrated in Fig. 1.1. The following five steps are intended to describe how the volume of the stone is found. Complete the sentences by adding appropriate words. a. Pour some ................................................... into the measuring cylinder. b. Take the reading of the ............................................................ from the scale on the measuring cylinder. c. Carefully put ........................................................... into the measuring cylinder. d. Take the new reading of the ......................................................... from the scale on the measuring cylinder. e. Calculate the volume of the stone by ………………………………………….............. 12. A student is investigating volume and density. The student has a box, as shown in the figure, a balance, a rule and some dry sand. a. Figure below shows the dimensions of the inside of the box. Calculate the volume of sand needed to fill the box. b. The student measures the mass of the box when empty and when filled with sand. Calculate the mass of the sand in the box, using her results. c. Calculate the density of the sand. d. A miner has a bag containing a mixture of gold dust and sand. Gold has a density of 19.3 𝑔/𝑐𝑚3. He heats the mixture until the gold melts. Predict whether the sand will float on top of the molten gold. Explain your answer. Quantity mass/g Mass of Box filled with Sand 216.0 Mass of Empty Box 40.0 Page 25 of 34 18. a. State the equation linking the density of a substance with its mass and volume. b. When oil leaks out of a damaged oil-tanker, it forms a very thin layer of oil, known as an oil slick, on the water. One such oil slick covers an approximately rectangular area measuring 2.5 × 104 m by 6.0 × 103 m. The oil slick is 3.0 × 10-6 m (0.0000030 m) thick. i. Calculate the volume of the oil slick. ii. The density of the oil is 900 kg/m3. Calculate the mass of oil in the slick. 19. An aluminum rod is cut into a longer section and a shorter section, as shown in Fig. 4.1. a. The shorter section of the rod is placed into a measuring cylinder containing water. Fig. 4.2 shows the appearance of the measuring cylinder before and after this is done. i. Calculate the volume of the shorter section of aluminum rod. ii. The mass of this shorter section is measured as 21.2 g. 1. Name a laboratory instrument that might have been used to measure this mass. 2. Calculate the density of aluminum. b. Name an instrument that could be used to measure the length of the longer section of aluminum rod. c. Suggest a method, different from that in Fig. 4.2, that could be used to determine the volume of this longer section. Page 26 of 34 20. A student carries out an experiment to find the density of water, using a method that is slightly different from normal. In his method, he starts with a measuring cylinder containing some water, and then adds more water. His experiment is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. The readings he obtains are as follows: reading 1 53 cm3 reading 2 84 cm3 reading 3 205 g reading 4 238 g Calculate a. the volume of the added water, b. the mass of the added water, c. the density of water, stating clearly the equation you are using. 21. Figure 2.1 below shows a brick. a. 500 bricks like the one shown in Fig. 2.1 are stacked on a wooden platform, known as a pallet. The pallet of bricks is to be loaded on to a lorry by means of a fork-lift truck, as shown in Fig. 2.2. Each brick has a volume of 0.0012 m3 and is made of a material of density 2300kg/ m3. i. Calculate the mass of one brick. ii. The fork-lift truck can safely lift a load of mass 2 tonnes (2000kg). The wooden pallet has a mass of 100kg. 1. Calculate the total mass of the pallet and 500 bricks. Page 27 of 34 2. Is it safe for the fork-lift truck to lift the total mass of the pallet and 500 bricks? _____ yes _____no b. The brick shown in Fig. 2.3 has the same dimensions as the brick in Fig. 2.1 and is made of the same material. However, this brick has a hollow in one face. Complete the following sentences. i. The density of the brick in Fig. 2.3 is ............................................. the density of the brick in Fig. 2.1, because.................................................................. . ii. The mass of the brick in Fig. 2.3 is ............................................. the mass of the brick in Fig. 2.1. 22. a. Define density. b. The density of aluminium is 2.70 g/cm3. The thickness of a rectangular sheet of aluminium foil varies, but is much less than 1 mm. A student wishes to find the average thickness. She obtains the following measurements. mass of sheet = 60.7g length of sheet = 50.0cm width of sheet = 30.0cm Calculate the student’s values for: i. the volume of the sheet. ii. the average thickness of the sheet. Page 30 of 34 d. The student now wishes to determine the volume of a small, irregularly shaped piece of wood that floats in water. He notices that a small lead weight tied to the wood makes it sink in water. Describe how the student can adapt the experiment in (a) to determine the volume of the wood. You may draw a diagram. 26. A steel object has 5 kg stamped on its side, as shown in Fig. 2.1. a. Express 5.0 kg in grams. b. The density of the steel is 7.81 g/cm3. Calculate the volume of the object. 27. A student is asked to find the density of a small block of metal, as shown in Fig. 2.1. a. Use words from the list below to complete the following sentences. balance beaker measuring cylinder protractor rule thermometer i. The student should use a ............................................. to measure the length, width and height of the metal block. ii. The student should use a ............................................. to find the mass of the metal block. b. A jeweller has a small block of metal. The block has a mass of 15.2 g and a volume of 1.36 cm3. i. Calculate the density of the metal. Page 31 of 34 ii. The jeweller looks up the values for the density of various metals and produces a table, part of which is shown below. Metal Density g / cm3 gold 19.3 lead 11.3 platinum 21.5 silver 10.5 Using your answer to (b)(i) and the information in the table, state which metal the block is most likely to be made from. 28. A student investigates the density of three different liquids. a. The student pours liquid honey into a container, as shown in Fig. 1.1. i. Name the container shown in Fig. 1.1. ii. Name the other piece of apparatus necessary when determining the density of the honey. b. The student then carefully adds some water and then some kerosene. The liquids do not mix but form three separate layers as shown in Fig. 1.2. Identify the correct statements about the densities of the liquids. Tick only two boxes. ❐ Honey has the smallest density ❐ Honey has a larger density than water ❐ Kerosene has the largest density ❐ Kerosene has a smaller density than water ❐ Water has a larger density than honey ❐ Water has a smaller density than kerosene c. The mass of 13 cm3 of the kerosene is 10.5 g. Calculate the density of the kerosene, including an appropriate unit. Page 32 of 34 29. A student wishes to find the volume of a piece of wood of irregular shape. Her experiment requires the use of a small brass object of mass 200 g. a. Calculate the volume of the brass object. The density of brass is 8.4 g/cm3. b. To find the volume of the piece of wood, the student has a measuring cylinder, a supply of water and the brass object in (a). The piece of wood and the brass object are small enough to be placed in the measuring cylinder. i. The piece of wood does not sink in water. Suggest why. ii. Describe what the student does to find the volume of the piece of wood, stating the measurements that she makes and any calculations required. 30. Fig. 2.1 shows a block of wood. a. A student measures the mass of the block. He then measures the length of each side, as shown in Fig. 2.1. State the names of the measuring instruments used by the student. b. Calculate the volume of the block of wood. c. The block of wood shown in Fig. 2.1 has a mass of 200 g. Calculate the density of the wood.