Physics tables and formula sheet, Cheat Sheet of Physics

Download Physics tables and formula sheet and more Cheat Sheet Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Page 1 of 10 Physical Science: Tables & Formulas SI Base Units Base Quantity Unit Name Unit Symbol Amount of substance mole Mol Electric current ampere A Length meter M Luminous intensity candela Cd Mass kilogram Kg Time second S Temperature Kelvin K SI Derived Units Derived Quantity Name (Symbol) Expression in terms of other SI units Expression in terms of SI base units Area Square meter (m 2 ) Volume Cubic meter (m 3 ) Speed/velocity Meter per second (m/s) Acceleration Meter per second squared (m/s 2 ) Frequency Hertz (Hz) s -1 Force Newton (N) m . kg . s -2 Pressure, stress Pascal (Pa) N . m 2 m -1 . kg . s -2 Energy, work, quantity of heat Joule (J) N . m m 2 . kg . s -2 Power Watt (W) J/s m 2 . kg . s -3 Electric charge Coulomb (C) -- s . A Electric potential difference Volt (V) W/A m 2 ·kg·s -3 ·A -1 Electric resistance Ohm (Ω) V/A m 2 ·kg·s -3 ·A -2 Prefixes used to designate multiples of a base unit Prefix Symbol Meaning Multiple of base unit Scientific Notation tera T trillion 1, 000, 000, 000, 000 10 12 giga G billion 1, 000, 000, 000 10 9 mega M Million 1, 000, 000 10 6 kilo k Thousand 1, 000 10 3 centi c One hundredth 1/100 or .01 10 -2 milli m One thousandth 1/1000 or .001 10 -3 micro u One millionth 1/1000000 or .000001 10 -6 Nano n One billionth 1/1000000000 or .000000001 10 -9 pico p One trillionth 1/1000000000000 or.000000000001 10 -12 In general, when converting from base units (m, l, g, etc) or derived units (m 2 ,m 3 , m/s, Hz, N, J, V, etc) to a multiple greater (kilo, mega, giga, or tera) than the base or derived unit- then divide by the factor. For example: 10m = 10/1000km = 1/100 km = .01km. Page 2 of 10 When converting from base units or derived units to a multiple smaller (centi, milli, micro, nano) than the base or derived unit- then multiply by the factor. For example: 10m = 10 x 100cm = 1000cm. Subatomic Particles Particle Charge Mass Location Proton +1 1 nucleus Neutron 0 1 nucleus Electron -1 0 Outside the nucleus Common Cations Ion Name (symbol) Ion Charge Lithium (Li) 1+ Sodium (Na) 1+ Potassium (K) 1+ Rubidium (Rb) 1+ Cesium (Cs) 1+ Beryllium (Be) 2+ Magnesium (Mg) 2+ Calcium (Ca) 2+ Strontium (Sr) 2+ Barium (Ba) 2+ Aluminum (Al) 3+ Common Anions Element Name (symbol) Ion Name (symbol) Ion Charge Fluorine Fluoride 1- Chlorine Chloride 1- Bromine Bromide 1- Iodine Iodide 1- Oxygen Oxide 2- Sulfur Sulfide 2- Nitrogen Nitride 3- Common Polyatomic Ions Ion Name Ion Formula Ion Name Ion Formula Carbonate CO3 2- Nitrite NO2 - Chlorate ClO3 - Phosphate PO4 3- Cyanide CN - Phosphite PO3 3- Hydroxide OH - Sulfate SO4 2- Nitrate NO3 - Sulfite SO3 2- Page 5 of 10 Weight = mass x gravity (9.8 m/s 2 ) Units: kg . m/s 2 or Newtons (N) Work = Force x distance W = F x d Units: Joules (J) Rearranged: Force = Work ÷ distance Units: Newtons distance = Work ÷ Force Units: meters Power = Work ÷ time P = W ÷ t Units: J/s or Watts (W) Rearranged: Work = Power x time Units: Joules (J) time = Work ÷ Power Units: seconds (s) Mechanical Advantage = Output Force ÷ Input Force (Resistance Force ÷ Effort Force) or Mechanical Advantage = Input Distance ÷ Output Distance (Effort Distance ÷ Resistance Distance) Gravitational Potential Energy = mass x gravity (9.8 m/s 2 ) x height GPE = m x g x h Units: Joules Rearranged: m = GPE ÷ (g . h) h = GPE ÷ (m . g) Kinetic Energy = ½ mass x (velocity) 2 KE = .5 mv 2 Units: Joules Rearranged: m = 2KE ÷ v 2 v = Efficiency of a Machine = (Useful Work Output ÷ Work Input) x 100 Temperature Conversions Celsius-Fahrenheit Conversion: Fahrenheit temperature = (1.8 x Celsius temperature) + 32.0 0 F = 1.8 (C) + 32 0 Celsius temperature = (Fahrenheit temperature – 32) ÷ 1.8 C = (F – 32) ÷ 1.8 Celsius-Kelvin Conversion: Kelvin = Celsius + 273 Celsius = Kelvin -273 Page 6 of 10 Specific Heat Equation Energy = mass x Specific Heat Value x change in temperature E = m . c . Δ t Units: Joules Rearranged: mass = Energy ÷ (c x Δ T) Units: kg Δ T = Energy ÷ (c x mass ) Units: K or 0 C Wave Speed Equation Wave’s Speed = frequency x wavelength v = f x λ Units: m/s Rearranged: Frequency = Wave Speed ÷ wavelength f = v ÷ λ Units: Hertz Wavelength = Wave Speed ÷ frequency λ = v ÷ f Units: meters / second Speed of light (in a vacuum) = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s (300,000,000 m/s) Speed of Sound (in air at 25 0 C) = 346 m/s Speed of Sound (in water at 25 0 C) = 1490 m/s Speed of Sound (in iron at 25 0 C) = 5000 m/s Ohm’s Law Equation Current = Voltage ÷ Resistance I = V / R Units: Amperes (A) Rearranged: Voltage = Current x Resistance V = I x R Units: Volts (V) Resistance = Voltage ÷ Current R = V / I Units: Ohms (Ω) Electric Power Equation Power = Current x Voltage P = I x V Units: watts (W) or Kilowatts (kW) Variations: P = I 2 x R P = V 2 / R Rearranged: Voltage = Power ÷ Current V = P x I Units: Volts (V) Current = Power ÷ Voltage I = P ÷ V Units: Amperes (A) Page 7 of 10 Electromagnetic Spectrum: Relates the energy, frequency and wavelength of various types of electromagnetic waves (radio, TV, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray, and gamma). As energy and frequency increase the wavelength decreases.