Planning for Regions and Metropolitan Areas - Lecture Slides | GEOG 4210, Study notes of Urbanization

Download Planning for Regions and Metropolitan Areas - Lecture Slides | GEOG 4210 and more Study notes Urbanization in PDF only on Docsity! 1 Planning for Regions and Metropolitan Areas Pl i d D l t f ann ng an eve opmen rom the Regional Perspective Introduction: Regional Planning Q: “Spread cities” (as opposed to “compact cities”) are the norm today – what challenges do you think this urban spread creates for city planners? Traditional approaches to city planning aren’t sufficient anymore (can’t consider the city by itself) A regional approach can help to solve problems that cross municipal boundaries Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts 1. Watersheds: plan for the region defined by a river system’s drainage basin Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts 1. Watersheds: plan for the region defined by a river system’s drainage basin Good Example: Spokane Valley watershed planning in the Pacific Northwest (WA/ID) 2 Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts Location of the Spokane Valley in eastern Washington state and northern Idaho Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts A map of the actual watershed, h i th i s ow ng e r vers and the extent of the local drainage basin Introduction: Regional Planning Spokane City Population: Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts 200,000 people Regional Population: 600,000 people Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts Spokane Both forestry and agriculture are important for the region’s economy Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts Spokane A relatively low rainfall region, so effective water management is important Introduction: Regional Planning Regional planning has developed in a number of different contexts Purpose of planning effort is to ensure good water quality for residents throughout area Also: ensure water is available in needed quantities for each community in the region 5 Splintering Urbanism The need for a metropolitan, region-wide approach to planning is driven in part by a phenomenon introduced in the reading for an earlier module “Splintering urbanism” refers to the increasingly geographically complex form of the modern city Splintering Urbanism This urban complexity is driven partly by global competitive processes: Business changes happening globally that also have an impact on what happens locally Q: can you think of an example of something happening around the world that has an impact on a specific, local place? Splintering urbanism is the change we see in our cities as our businesses compete with others around the globe Splintering Urbanism At the global level, we are seeing two things happening at the same time 1. spread of economic activity worldwide 2. concentration of wealth and opportunity in certain cities and regions on the planet Q: Can you think of examples of both? How do these things go together? Don’t they contradict each other? Splintering Urbanism So what’s happening in our cities because we’re in this global competition? In a word, we appear to be moving even more to a poly-centric (ie multi-centered) urban form Each metro area is developing more and more important places, not just one major downtown Each important place has a unique cluster of linked businesses Splintering Urbanism These clusters are growing as our businesses plan to compete as well as possible Idea of linking related business functions geographically so the whole system works well Good locations and strategic cluster partnerships help increase business competitiveness Example: Alliance, Texas Splintering Urbanism In the Alliance cluster, we see large industrial airport j il d Alliance Map ma or ra yar major highways warehousing industrial retail residential A cluster that, 20 years ago, didn’t exist anywhere on earth 6 Splintering Urbanism Companies at Alliance Ford FedEx Alliance Map American Airlines Home Depot JC Penney Kraft Foods Honeywell General Motors A cluster that, 20 years ago, didn’t exist anywhere on earth Splintering Urbanism Alliance Denton Alliance will act as a giant magnet over the next few decades, drawing wealth and opportunity to the NW corner of the Metroplex Fort Worth Dallas Splintering Urbanism Q: What kinds of planning challenges come up when a huge new center like Alliance grows on the edge of a major metropolitan area? Splintering Urbanism Other than a place like Alliance, built largely on transportation and industry, the other major kind of cluster is something we’ve introduced earlier in this course The suburban downtown or edge city Splintering Urbanism Key characteristics of the suburban downtown 1. highly accessible spot in the suburban transportation network 2. large concentration of quality office space 3. business functions that don’t only serve the immediate, local market 4. high-order retail and entertainment services that are similar to what you would find in the major downtown of the metro area Houston Downtown Galleria 7 Houston Galleria Houston Galleria Washington DC Tysons Central Washington Corner Washington DC Tysons Corner, VA Chicago Schaumburg Northbrook Downtown Oak Brook Chicago Oak Brook, IL 10 Planning for Urban Regions Four major geographic forms have influenced metro area plans 3. Finger-Plan City Planning for Urban Regions Four major geographic forms have influenced metro area plans 3. Finger-Plan City Planning for Urban Regions Four major geographic forms have influenced metro area plans 3. Finger-Plan City Develop urban corridors focused on downtown Green spaces between corridors Mix of green spaces and urban areas replicates the liveability of the Garden City plan without the separation from downtown Planning for Urban Regions Four major geographic forms have influenced metro area plans 4. The Ribbon City Planning for Urban Regions Four major geographic forms have influenced metro area plans 4. The Ribbon City Planning for Urban Regions Four major geographic forms have influenced metro area plans 4. The Ribbon City Modification of the finger plan Development of modules along a major transport ribbon out from the city Separation of land uses along ribbon with green spaces 11 Planning for Urban Regions None of these have been developed in a “pure” form in any city, but elements of each have inspired (or at least describe very well) some of our major metro areas today Concentric Plan: Chicago, Toronto, Montreal Satellite Plan: Boston, Vancouver Finger Plan: Calgary, Ottawa Ribbon Plan: Seattle, Toronto Planning for Urban Regions Q: Does the D-FW region have an identifiable form? Is there a form or specific feature that would be desirable to work toward in the planning d f t d l t f th M t l ?an u ure eve opmen o e e rop ex