Plant Genetics - Crop and Soil Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Botany and Agronomy

Download Plant Genetics - Crop and Soil Science - Lecture Slides and more Slides Botany and Agronomy in PDF only on Docsity! Plant Genetics Docsity.com Biotechnology • pest resistance • herbicide resistance • environmental stress resistance • nutritionally complete plants • flowers with unusual colors • delayed ripening/softening • specific nutritional qualities • product uniformity Docsity.com Proteins • Chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds H O C N H2N C COOH H di-peptide (2 amino R acids); tri-peptide (3); R = variable group polypeptide (>3) • 20 common amino acids differ by the `R’ group Docsity.com DNA vs. RNA • 4 bases: guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), thymine (T) • G-C A-T • deoxyribose sugar • double stranded • nucleus • 4 bases: guanine (G), cytosine (C), adenine (A), uraacil (U) • G-C A-U • ribose sugar • single stranded • rRNA, mRNA, tRNA • synthesized in nucleus (nucleoi for rRNA); function in cytosol Docsity.com Major Compounds of life Macromolecule Simple Molecule Structure 4. Nucleic Acids nucleotides (DNA + RNA) (sugar + phosphate + N-base) N N N N NH2 O HO - P - O O O OH OH adenine (N-base) ribose (sugar) phosphoric acid Docsity.com 5’ 3’ T G G C A TT C A C G A T T GG A C A A C C G T AA G T G C T A A CC T G T 3’ 5’ Double-Stranded DNA Molecule H- bonds sugar-P backbone (phospho-diester bonds) complementary base-pairing Docsity.com 5’ 3’ T G G C A TT C A C G A T T GG A C A A C C G T AA G T G C T A A CC T G T 3’ 5’ TRANSCRIPTION 3’ 5’ U A C G A C U U A C G G U RNA strand DNA DNA RNA Docsity.com 5 ’ 3’ U G G C C A U U C A C G A U TRANSLATION mRNA triplet codons A C C G G U 3 triplet anti-codons tRNA’s amino acids/ peptide chain A AG 1 2 4 5 RNA Protein Docsity.com