"Communication in Healthcare & NREM Sleep Stages, Urine Specimens, and Pressure Ulcers", Exams of Nursing

Download "Communication in Healthcare & NREM Sleep Stages, Urine Specimens, and Pressure Ulcers" and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 1. What aspects of the therapeutic nurse Client relationship is addressed in the article "lend an ear"?: Trust and respect 2. What is one way a nurse violates the nurse client relationship?: When we don't listen. 3. What is the goal behind listening according to Broeder-morin and land?: - Gain empathetic understanding 4. How does a nurse show they are listening?: Eye contact, arms uncrossed, facial expression, touch, warmth 5. What are the client consequences of not being listened to according to the article?: Depression, frustration, complaints about care , perceived nurses as being rude, abrupt and not caring. 6. What happened in a recents coroners report when a client was not listened to?: A man died due to a med error because the client was not listening when he said it did not like the pills he received before and no double check was made. 7. What does an electronic health record(EHR) do?: Enhances communication among healthcare providers and thus patient safety. 8. Nurses are legally and ethically to keep patient information confidential, how long are records retained for?: Minimum of 10 years. 9. Communication between healthcare providers is important in client care. What must the nurse do in order to ensure that communication is adequate?- : provide accurate, detailed, objective, and timely information. 10. SOAP: subjective, objective, assessment, plan 11. SOAPIE: subjective, objective, assessment, plan, intervention, evaluation 12. Focus charting (DAR): data, action, response 13. PIE: Problem, intervention, evaluation 14. A nurse has just admitted a patient with a medical diagnosis of heart failure. When the admission paperwork is filled out, what does the nurse need to record?: Objective data that are observed 15. Health documentation is an electronic format is an evolving process that faces many challenges. Which of the following is one of these challenges?: - Ensuring that documentation is accurate and precise. 16. What about the patient should be confidential?: All written, verbal communi- cation, only people involved in care may have access to records, can not be copied or duplicated, and clients can view their health record often due with a person in authority so that questions may be answered 17. 5 red flags that need to be advised in chart altering: 1. Don't add info later without indicating you did so 2. Don't date the entry so it appears to have e been written at an earlier time 3. Don't add inaccurate info 2 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 4. Don't destroy records 5. No writing in margins 18. When might a health care provider suspect a patient is experiencing urinary retention?: The patient indicates pain in the suprapubic region. 19. Is the rectum sterile?: No, you have to clean it. 20. Is the ostomy stertile?: No. 21. Patients with cardiovascular disease should be cautioned against strain- ing while having a bowel movement. What does this help to avoid?: Decreased venous return to the heart 22. To maintain normal elimination patterns in the hospitalized patient, the nurse should encourage the patient to defecate 1 hour after meals for which reason?: Mass colonic peristalsis occurs at this time. 23. A patient states that he has recently had a change in medications and reports that his stools are now dry and hard, which makes them difficult to eliminate. What condition is this type of bowel pattern consistent with?: Con- stipation. 24. What side do patients turn on for rectal checks?: Patients always go on their left side with there knees flexed and pad underneath. 25. Which type of urine specimen is obtained through catheterization?: Cultur- al and sensitivity 26. What is the medical terminology used for microscopic amounts of blood in stool?: Gastrointestinal hematochezia 27. A client with a long history of arthritis complains of sensitivity and warmth in both knees. To determine the degree of limitation, what should the nurse assess?: The clients RANGE OF MOTION 28. When assessing a clients activity tolerance, the nurse must consider which of the following?: The clients physiological, emotional, and developmental factors 29. What is a complication of immobility and is worse in smokers called?: Hy- postatic pneumonia 30. What refers to bone on bone: Crepitation 31. What can result in constipation?: Immobility 32. What can be reduced by performing activities more slowly and for a shorter period?: Fatigue 33. The nurse notices an increased respiratory rate, decreased oxygen satura- tion, and increased sputum in an immobilized postoperative Patient, the noted change is consistent with which one of the following?: Atelectasis(can't expand lungs)(collapse of lungs) 34. When the nurse is caring for a client on bed rest, what is the most appro- priate nursing action?: Encourage hourly use of the incentive spirometer 5 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 65. Why do pressure ulcers occur?: Blood is not able to flow to tissues because of pressure and it became ischemic 66. ischemic: pertaining to the lack of blood supply to tissue 67. what is the medical terminology for redness of the skin due to increased blood flow called?: hyperemia 68. what is the medical terminology for our skin turning white?: blanching 69. pressure duration: low pressure over a long time, or high pressure over a short amount of time, pressure occurs quickly(1-2h) 70. tissue tolerance: ability of tissue to endure pressure 71. shearing force: combination of friction and pressure, force applied when two surfaces slide against each other or in a twisting or rotting motion, ur shearing the patient from the back if your dragging the patient, picking up the patient is better. 72. risk factors for pressure injury development: age related skin changes, immobility, obesity, excessive moisture/dryness, poor nutrition/hydration, condition of soft tissue, medications (corticosteroids), previous PI, microclimate and medical conditions effecting blood flow (DM, PVD), pressure, friction, shear, moisture, nutri- tion 73. level of consciousness: alert to person, place or time. 74. where do most pressure ulcers occur: occipital, scapula, elbow, spinous process, ischium, malleolus, neck, head 75. what is epithelization?: healing by growth of tissues over wound 76. What is granulation?: new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing, pinkish, healthy skin 77. necrosis of tissue: death of tissue 78. black tissue is called?: necrosis 79. aging of skin is due to: less moisture, is dry and is the most at risk 80. assessing skin: hygiene,color, etc. 81. What is the medical terminology for yellowing of the skin and eyes called?- : jaundice 82. what is the medical terminology for bluish discolouration of the skin from lack of oxygen called?: cyanosis 83. what do you check with people with cyanosis: lips, nails, hand, inside mouth and oxygen saturation 84. pallor: pale skin from fear, stress, etc. 85. what do we call red in the face, extra blood flow, red pinkish, fever?: flushed 86. what's the medical terminology for a widespread redness of the skin?: ery- themic 87. effective skin is: smooth, thin, and moist 6 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 88. skin turgor: indicator of their fluid status, pinch the skin and if it goes right back down its normal, if you pinch skin and Dosent go back down, its a sign of dehydration 89. ineffective skin: pinching of skin, skin status if it stays up or not, you should have the same temp throughout your body. 90. localized coolness: poor arterial blood flow to a limb, one part of the body, coolness 91. Generalized coolness: hypothermia, all through out body 92. Hypothermia: low body temperature 93. diaphoresis: excessive sweating, may accompany chestpain, fever or anxiety 94. effective skin: dry skin but not overly dry, effective color, warm, dry, and intact 95. edema: swelling 96. Lesions: areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection, assess color and elevation with light 97. Braden Scale: A tool for predicting pressure ulcer risk 98. risks for braden scale: sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, friction and shear, 9 or less is putting at high risk. 99. suspected deep tissue injury: Purple or maroon localized area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister due to damage of underlying soft tissue from pressure and/or shear. 100. stage 1 instant skin with nonblanchable redness: Dosent go white and stays red, no hyperemia going on. beginning of pressure ulcer 101. hyperemia: increased blood flow 102. unstageable pressure ulcer: Full thickness tissue loss in which the base of the ulcer is covered by slough (yellow, tan, gray, green or brown) and/or eschar (tan, brown or black) in the wound bed. 103. acute wound assessment: R-redness E-edema E-ecchymosis D-drainage A-Approximation O-odour 104. Ecchymosis: bruising 105. approximation: near or close estimate 106. Chronic wound assessment: Redness edema ecchymosis drainage epithiliaization 7 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 wound edges odour 107. Drainage types: serous serosanguineous sanguineous purulent 108. serous fluid: A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane. yellow fluid 109. serosanguineous drainage: pale, red, watery: mixture of clear and red fluid, pinkish 110. sanguineous drainage: bloody drainage (red) 111. A patient has a drainage that is green and pussy like, what do we call this type of drainage?: purulent 112. A patient is losing lots of hair in the scalp, what do we call this in medical terminology?: alopecia 113. what do we call scabbing in medical terminology?: eschar 114. nail bed color should be what color?: pink 115. what should the texture, nail angle, and capillary refill be?: convex, 160 degrees, less than 3 sec, if greater than it is slow circulation 116. bad nails are: concave(spoon nails) 117. early clubbing of nails is at an angle of: 180 degrees 118. acute pain: happening now, usually surgically, pain that is felt suddenly from injury, disease, trauma, or surgery. 119. chronic pain: episode of pain that lasts for 6 months or longer; may be intermittent or continuous 120. impaired tissue integrity: Damage to mucous membrane, corneal, integu- mentary, or subcutaneous tissues. 121. Wound management protocols: protect skin and prevent further breakdown 122. name important factors in preventing skin breakdown?: 1. keep skin clean and dry 2. ROM 3. wrinkle free bed 4. no sheering forces 5. proper nutrition 6. taking pressure off 123. name names for pressure sores: decubitus ulcer, wound ulcer, tissue ulcer 124. decubitus ulcer: sore caused by lying down for long periods of time 125. a pressure risk assessment should be done: on admission and once a week 10 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 156. receptive: open and responsive to ideas or suggestions 157. Non-therapeutic communication: asking personal questions, giving personal opinions, changing the subject, automatic responses, sympathy, asking for ex- planations, approval or disapproval, defensive responses, passive or aggressive responses, and arguing. 158. Near Miss Incident: an incident that did not reach the patient(no harm result- ed) 159. No Harm Incident: an incident that reached the patient, but no discernible harm resulted 160. environmental factors of individuals safety: home,work, community, health care setting 161. safety culture in organized practices: disclosing safety incidents to clients 162. identifying safety risks inherent in the client population: falls prevention, suicide assessment, pressure injury risks Braden scale 163. unintentional injuries are leading cause of death between 1 and 14 years old: often relayed to normal growth and development, small children curious and trusting of their environment/ do not perceive themselves in danger 164. toddlers and preschoolers: attracted to water: greatest risk for drowning 165. pressure ulcer risk assessment Braden scale: higher the score, lower the risk of pressure ulcer development 166. what is the number 1 reported incident?: falls. 167. Code Green: evacuation 168. every time when giving meds, always check: 3 times the medication before you give it and 2 patient identifiers before you give it 169. when a person is gonna fall, there at risk for: risk for injury 170. effects of exercise on gastrointestinal: Increase appetite, increase intestinal tone. 171. effects of exercise on urinary: blood flow to kidneys effieiency in maintaining f & e balance and excretion 172. metabolic effects of excersise: efficiency of metabolism and body temp regulation 173. adolescence: the time period between the beginning of puberty and adulthood 174. effects of excersise on psychological well being: increased energy, sleep, positive health behaviours 175. hypostatic pneumonia: inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions, complication of immobility and is worse in smokers 176. crepitation: the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together 11 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 177. how can fatigue be reduced?: performing activities more slowly and for shorter period 178. restorative care: Nursing care that is planned to promote residents health and regain as much of their independence as possible 179. decreased metabolic rate, alters metabolism of: carbohydrates, fats, pro- teins 180. musculoskeletal interventions: ROM- active or passive, 2-3 times daily CPM therapy for orthopedic conditions 181. metabolic interventions: repair of injured tissue protein, calories vitamin c to replace protein stores, vitamin b for skin integrity and wound healing. 182. respiratory interventions: change position q2h deep breathing and coughing incentive spirometer increase fluid intake chest physio consult 183. Gastrointestinal interventions: assess BS(bowel sounds), frequency and consistency of BM(bowel movement) diet. rich in fluids, fruits, vegetables, and fiber stool softeners, laxatives, and enemas as ordered 184. why are aboriginal blood pressures higher?: greater risk at cardiac disease 185. how mnany hours of sleep is important for brain rest?: 8 hours 186. Stages of sleep: 1. Lightest Sleep (NREM) 2. Slightly Deeper Sleep (NREM) 3. Deeper Sleep (NREM) 4. Delta Waves are omitted but there is not much difference between this stage and stage 3 (NREM) 5. REM 187. Hypersomnolence: excessive sleepiness, daytime sleepiness 188. Shift work disorder: common in individuals who work other than 9-5 sleep deprivation 189. sleep apnea: a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep for at least 10 sec with no breathing 190. obstructive sleep apnea: muscles or structures of oral cavity or throat relax during sleep, collapse of upper airway and breathing stop 10-30 sec 191. central apnea: occurs when the brain fails to stimulate breathing muscles, causing brief pauses in breathing. 192. Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times. 193. Parasomnias: Abnormal behaviors such as nightmares or sleepwalking that occur during sleep. 194. infants and toddlers need amount of sleep?: 12-14 hours per day 195. school aged children need amount of sleep?: 9-10 hours 196. young adults need amount of sleep?: 6-81/2 hours 12 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 197. always give diuretics in morning and not at: night or early evening 198. Electronic Health Record (EHR): enhances communication among health care providers and patient safety 199. records are retained for a minimum of: 10 years 200. what is one way a nurse violates the nurse client relationship?: when we don't listen 201. how does a nurse show there listening?: eye contact, arms uncrossed, facial expressions, touch, warmth 202. what are the client consequences of not being listened to according to the article?: depression, frustration, complaints about care, erupt and not caring 203. What happened in a recent corners report when a client was not listened to?: a man died due to a med error because client was not listening when he said it did not look like the pills he received before and no double check was made 204. increased urination diet/fluid balance: caffeine and alcohol 205. physiological factors of urination?: age, muscle tone, activity, pain, anxiety, and stress 206. Sociocultural factors of urination?: lifestyle, cultural, gender, and religous practices 207. pathological conditions of urination: neurological disease, altered mobility, renal disease 208. medications for urination: •Diuretics: prevent reabsorption of water and cer- tain electrolytes in tubules 209. Urinary tract infections are more common in .: women 210. urinary tract infection: common hospital acquired infection, common result from catheters 211. causes of urinary tract infections: not peeing after sex bacteria catheters 212. urinary incontinence: the inability to control the voiding of urine 213. nocturia: excessive urination during the night 214. urinary retention: inability to empty the bladder 215. urostomy or ileal conduit: causes cancer, trauma 216. uremic syndrome: increase in nitrogenous wastes in the blood 217. Olguria: low urine output 218. anuria: absence of urine 219. polyuria: frequent urination 220. dysuria: painful or difficult urination 221. hematuria: blood in the urine 222. prolapsed bladder or cystoceles: bladder falls into the vagina 15 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 hold the tube in place with one hand release the clamp and steal the solution gradually over 5 to 10 minutes encourage patient to hold it for 5 to 15 minutes 272. oil retention enema: Lubricating Enema that lubricates the rectum and colon so the feces will absorb the oil and become softer and easier to pass. 273. manual/digital removal of stool: may have to use fingers to remain stools, must have doctors order, physically remove it, lubricate fingers, use 1 finger and use dominant hand 274. if the illness bowel stops working, what do we do?: decompression, suction to remove gas and fluid 275. Bowel Diversions: surgery performed to develop a temporary or permanent artificial opening (stoma) in the abdominal wall. 276. always change pee bags: 2-3 times full, don't wait till its completely ever. 277. three types of urine specimens collected for analysis: CNS, routine, micro- scope 278. If a stool is liquid and thus is more likely to contain trophozoites, it should reach the laboratory for examination by?: 15-30mls 279. if stool is solid: 2.5cm/1inch 280. How many mL in an ounce?: 30 mL 281. What's a cup?: 240-250 282. How much is 1kilo in pounds?: 2.2 pounds 283. How much is 1 teaspoon?: 5ml 284. A tablespoon is equal to how many teaspoons?: 3 teaspoons 285. Pressure risk assessment should be done when?: Within 8 hours 286. How often should nurses turn and reposition immobilized clients?: 2 hours 16 / 15 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024 PNR Test Questions and Answers 2024