Politics And Governance States, Lecture notes of Law

Download Politics And Governance States and more Lecture notes Law in PDF only on Docsity! STATES, NATIONS AND GLOBALIZATION Mam Joan I I English Class | Laredo York Primary School At the end of the lesson, learners should be able to: 1. define nation and state 2. differentiate nation from state 3. explain meanings of globalization 4. evaluate how globalization influences nation-states Class Objectives and Rules Expectations and outcomes Territorial Sea coastal states have sovereignty, coastal states have sovereignty including fishing rights including exclusive fishing rights( 12 nautical miles). Maritime Terms: Contiguous Zone coastal state can enforce its customs, immigrations, and sanitation laws and exercise “ hot pursuit out of its territorial waters( 24 nautical miles ). Maritime Terms: l Exclusive Economic Zone - states has recognized rights to explore , exploit , conserve , and manage the natural resources (200 nautical miles). nautical miles ). Maritime Terms: ‘Treaty al Paris Lines Kalayaan Leland Group Internal Waters lerritorial Sea Anchipelagic Witers Exclusive Eeonomic #one Extended Continental Shelt Disputed Territory South China is Sea ui Se a a Be Sees ‘ocoenneeees one SGP S PPE Celebes Sea SPEC SRE ERE Ee ee ey oes cee Malas caT) Pensa Philippi Sea 3. Sovereignty in political theory, the ultimate overseer, or authority, in the decision-making process of the state and in the maintenance of order. -the power of a country to control its own government. -the power or authority to rule Derived from the Latin superanus through the French souveraineté, the term was originally understood to mean the equivalent of supreme power. However, its application in practice often has departed from this traditional meaning. 1. Internal is the power of the state to rule within its territory. 2. External is the freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other states. Types of Sovereignty Forms of Government Distribution of Power a. Unitary government power is held by one central authority. example Philippines, Denmark, Italy , Finland , Peru , Rwanda. b. Confederation it is a voluntary association of independent states that often only delegate a few power to the central government. Weak for loose organization of states agrees to follow the power of central government. Examples: the commonwealth of independent states ( CIS) formerly known as the Soviet Union, Switzerland’s canton system. d. Federal government power is distributed into regional authorities. example: Malaysia, USA, Nigeria, Australia. a. Autocracy. Forms I for government were in one person possesses unlimited power. the citizens have limited, if any, rule in the government. the leader is from a family or from social class or from strong party. l Citizens Participati n Absolute or Totalitarian Dictatorship the idea of a single leader glorified. Government tries to control all aspects of social and economic life. -the government is not responsible to the people. the people lack of power to limit the rulers. examples: Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini , Joseph Stalin Forms of Autocratic of Government Oligarchy. - It is the government by the few. sometimes a small group exercise control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The group gets its power from military power, social power, wealth, religion or a combination . Citizen have limited roles. Political position is usually suppressed sometimes violently. example: communist country of China , leadership is partly an armed forces controls government D e m o c r a c y - It is a government based on consent of the governed. the people are the sovereign, thus, they hold the highest political authority. citizens have freedom to criticize their leaders because they are the one who elected them in the position. people have high degree of participation in every government processes. Le g i t i m a c y - De jure - it is form of government wherein it has the people’s support and possess constitutional mandate. It is a legitimate government. ORIGIN OF THE STATE. 1.Evolutionary - theory – states evolved from family units. 2. Force Theory – Government emerge when people were brought under the control of some power. States emerged from the conquest of other families or tribes. 3. Divine Rights. Belief that kings are chosen to rule by Ancient state by a deity examples include Egyptians and Aztechs. 4. Social Contract – people begin to challenge the monarchy and the idea of Divine Right. Inherent Powers of State 1. Police Power 2. Eminent Domain 3. Taxation a. Tax b. Inform taxation c. Equitable taxation\ d. Progressive taxation Nation – is the social construction of a collective identity. It is an imagined political community that is imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. -Its defined as a group of people who share the same history, geography, language , customs and sometimes religion. -a large group of people who are bound together, and recognized a similarity among themselves, because of a common culture, common language seems important in creating nationhood. - Globalizationresulted in a growing interdependence among actors, activities, and processes all over the world. Several forms of globalization can be identified, of which Heywood (2013) listed three— 1.economic 2. cultural, 3.political. - Forms of Globalization 1. Economic Globalization - All economies have been integrated in a global economy. 2. Cultural Globalization - Information, commodities, and images from one part of the world make cultural differences between nations and individuals less significant. 3. Political Globalization - The importance of international organizations, transnational organizations, and nongovernmental organizations is being recognized. DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION POLITICAL GLOBALIZATION CULTURAL GLOBALIZATION ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION ECOLOGICAL GLOBALIZATION MILITARY GLOBALIZATION