Polyatomic Ions, Study notes of Reasoning

Download Polyatomic Ions and more Study notes Reasoning in PDF only on Docsity! We'-l Polyatomic Ions Can a group of atoms have a charge? whv? Do you know you eat a lot of '1ates"? Next time you look at a food label, read the ingredients and you will likely find a number of ingredients that erid with "-ate," such as sodiumphosphate or calcium carbonate. Did you ever wonder what the chemical formulas of these ingredients look like? In this activity we will explore polyatomic ions, which are groups of atoms that carry a charge. These ions are found in our food ingredients, natural waterways, and many other chemical compounds you encounter every day. Model I - Types of Ions Monatomic Ions Nitride o Sulfide o'- Chloride @ Polyatomic Ions Sulfate Ammonium \ I I I 1+ \ I I I , , I I t I t t -r 2- Hydroxide I I \ I l- I I H H NH H Sulfite o S ro o 1. UseModel l to complete the tablebelow. Name oflon Nitride Nitrate Sulfate Sulfite Ammonium Charge on Ion -Z -1 -Z *Z +l Type and Number of Atoms \ ni{6r3s11 frt-+- r I oxqaen 1 sulfur 4 oxygen t sut$r.r 3 orr13-.r 1 ni-ko3e-n 4 r'gd"o3'-.' Chemical Formula 6a- t- NIO -''\) 2- 3o+ Sor'- F\F\;- Polyatomic Ions 2. Consider the terms'?nonatomic" and "polyatomic" as they are used in Model 1. Write a definition for each of these terms. It may be helpful to break the words apart(i.e., poly - atomic). Make sure your group comes to consensus. Monatomic- rnqde, .."p oC ore. q\o.rn d: Polyatomic- rnode up ol roore thqn cm. odorn ; *clJ q\o.nS 3. What types of elements (metals or nonmetals) are shown in the polyatomic ions in Model 1? nonme{q.\s 4. What type ofbonds (ionic or covalent) hold the atomstogetherin polyatomic ions? Explain your reasoning. Corq.\eo{', C-ovq\e-n* bonds ho\d +i,r6 ,*..1rne}..\s \e\er 5. The net charge on a sulfide ion (S!) is-2. Explain howthis ion obtains its charge. Your answer " should include a discussion of subatomic particles. s\it{ur c-oc*crrns lb pru\on5 (ofo"ni. n,^"nb.) o.nd q n<r^!ro-\ alo"q ,,r1o.,.\d csr-*arn lto ete&rons: ar"; q.^\ Cu-oL,*) she\ @ott\d b need I more eleclrunS' trs \-rqve a {^\\ she\\ , \ncreos\n3 {se n*rnber of e-\edrons *o 16. ib pos"hve chorqest \€ neqctve = -Z 6. The dotted line around"each polyatomic ion in Model 1 showsihat the grou! of atoms has a charge. The charge isnot on anyone atom, but rather on the group of atomsas a whole. Based on yourknowledge ofmonatomicions,propose an explanation forthe net charge on a polyatomic ion. Your answer should include a discussion of subatomic particles. Fo\qctlomic 'rrqs are- bouind *5e$er b1 ovo.\e-rr\ bo.ds- tshich \s cr. Shqnoq cl e\ec\roos, €D 'S *lne o\erq\\ counl o't e\ec*roqg iS W\crKeJ *.roo, +he overo.\\ pcgrtooS, qc.{ i.ri\\ hane a negc.{r.re eo$ 7. What are the similarities and differences bbmeen the niiiate and nitrite ions in Modeil ? 8. What arethe similarities and differences between the sulfate and sulfite ions in Model 1? L+ Ortu, model ..-.P { 4..\Lr ond o5"n otorn5\ sarne L-7'su\pha{e hqs L[ o?g.., , o.^iq+e h".s t-> boit., 'nqde I** * ni+rogn csd ox\3es, o*,cnns i so " anoge Ct) \-1 n'ttro\e ti" 3 o*s8en"s , n.ho\e- hos p v cnor3e Gz) 3 9. The 'thlorate" polyatomic ion has a charge of-l and is composed of one chlorine atom (the central atom) and three oxygen.atoms. a. Draw amodelofachlorate ion. \ ..,'.\ a \i 2 o cr o D POGIL* Activities forHigh School Chemistry b. What does the subscripted "2" outside the parentheses ofthe chemical formula tell you about the compound? r- Ba(NOr), +er"€ ctre. *r.^.:c NYJZ \orts t 20. How manyatoms ofeach elemerit are in one formula unit ofammoniumphosphate, (NI1)3PO4? nitrogen 3 hydrogen \L phosphorus I oxygen 4 21. A student writes the chemical formula forthe ionic compound calcium hydroxide as CaOHr. a. Write the chemical formula for each ion in the compound. Calcium: Cat* Hydroxide: O l-\ '- D. Why is the student's chemical formula for the compound calcium hydroxide wong? . {tr.3ot b"o.cX"{s aro'rnd \droxid.e - su.JoSc.r pt " Z " o.-.\a \de cr$ E i-ocX. {S 22.Marryofthe chemical formulas in Model3 include parentheses. Which one of the following rules summarizes the appropriate use of pprentheses in ternary ionic compounds? For the three rules that do not apply in all cases, show at least one counter example from the chemical formulas in Model3. Parentheses are used around any ion that is used more than once in a formula unit. q@e F^\te eY A\ (co). Parentheses areused around anypolyatomic ion. v - L- v ) lbcl ra Po l.1ortorr:rrc fatse LY' KUO; Parentheses are used around any polyatomic ion used more than once in a formula unit. T*" Parentheses are only used around polyatomic anions used more than once in a formula unit. False e.Y. (N!.u)rpO+ . write chemical formulas for the following ternary iorri..6ot rar. a. Calcium sulfate b. Copper(Il)nitrate c. Lithiumphosphate Ca5o1 C,*CNO), lrrPo, d Potassiumpermanganate .. e. Aluminumsulfite / Magnesiumbicarbonate KMnO.r @ 23 Polyatomic Ions Alr@a)r M3(uco), 24. Name the following ternary ionic compounds. a. BaSOo D. NH4NO3 &rnmonir,rsn n\tni{e. e. Mg(CH3COO)2 bonum e^l$tr+e d. Fe(NOr), ""'- .., iron [rtt) n\+r.\e ']:' KrCrrO, P"h ss\utn A12(coJ3 a\r,trni nutn \_-/ d\dnron cor\rcn ALFfi&ancsi um aceta{e U Bxtension Questions 25. If you were asked to go to the chemical storage area and retrieve a bottle of "sulfate," could you do so? Explain. (Assume youhave permission from yourteacher to go into the storage area.) Yo* ca\ fi"d bo$\e,s o{ corn po*nds or alqeous fTi::: con*ainin3 su\ghole br+ nor ,i 3w\ghaqs is \ ns$b\c clrrC \re.ocfit.L o.. ,!Sand. trn*s* toe" co"nb\ned 911 r{\ c( "-olnar",&i Co.SO.g o 26. When asked to classifr sodium acetate (NaCHTCOO) as eitheran ionicor covalent compound, a student responded with, "Sodium acetate is both ionic and covalent." Explain why the student gave this answer. fne N; " d C[\,CDO- osr- bo.^nd {cqe,tt"r. ug on \oo\c boctd b,* {yre pL3o+.,mic Yo^, cHaGD' i5 hrJd {oqptr\e-r by covo\eni bonds a.g c.\\ *\." a*orns \n. lHsCoo- q(e nonroe{s\s. C+\.CglO - ac*s os G, Sto3\a ,-n6e'iflen{a.\ \n fh*- lo.L bond r", r[\n 'thp rne*a\ t \o* t{s or-,.:(\ Otr.> cr 5 \^dn 'J, POGIL* Activities forHigh School Chemistry ,\--/ 6