Download Population Growth and Urbanization: Demographic Transition and Theories and more Slides Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter 15 Population and urbanization docsity.com Changes in Population Changes occur as a result of three processes: Fertility (births) Mortality (deaths) Migration docsity.com Growth in the World’s
Population
Births
minus deaths
equals
natural increase
Each year Each day Each hour
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Population World’s population of 6.5 billion in 2006 is increasing by more than 76 million people per year. Between 2000 and 2030, almost all of the world’s population growth will occur in low- income countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. By 2025 more than 8 in 10 people will live in Africa, Asia or Latin America. docsity.com Almost all population growth over the next 20 years will occur in those nations least able to afford this growth 97 percent of the projected world population increase of 1.3 billion people will occur in less developed nations docsity.com What about population growth in the U.S? Birth rates are around replacement level (low, but higher than those in Europe) Birth rates are higher in lower income groups. As with Europe, much of this difference is explained by the changing role of women in the middle and upper middle classes. Population continues to grow through immigration One result of this pattern of growth will be an increasingly diverse society (perhaps becoming a multi-lingual society docsity.com Population Pyramid A graphic representation of the distribution of a population by sex and age. docsity.com Mexico, 2000 Iran, 2000
Age Age
6543210123456 6543210123456
Males Females Males Females
(in millions) (in millions) (in millions) (in millions)
United States, 2000 France, 2000
12108 64202 46 8 10 12 3252151080051152253
Males. Females Males, Females
{in millions) {in millions) (in millions) (in millions) docsity .com
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Marxist Perspective Using technology, food can be produced for a growing population. Poverty is caused, not by overpopulation, but by expropriation of resources by the powerful Overpopulation will lead to the eventual destruction of capitalism. Workers will become dissatisfied and develop class-consciousness because of shared oppression. docsity.com The City As recently as 200 years ago, only 3% of the world’s population lived in cities. Today, that figure is 50% and is expected to grow to two thirds of the world’s people by 2050. docsity.com Three Models of the City
a. Concentric Zone Model b. Sector Model
i 1. Central business district
| 2. Wholesale light manufacturing
EL] 3. Working-class residential
[i 4. Micdle-class residential
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c. Multiple Nuclei Model
HB 5. High-class residential
GM 6. Heavy manufacturing
HB 7. Outlying business district
HH 8. Suburb
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Suburbs Since World War II, the U.S. population has shifted as people moved to the suburbs. Suburbanites rely on urban centers for employment but pay property taxes to suburban governments and school districts. docsity.com Conflict Perspective on City Growth Capitalism and urban growth The capitalist class chooses locations for skyscrapers and housing projects, limiting individual choices by others. docsity.com Conflict Perspective on Global Growth Global patterns of growth Capital investment decisions by core nations result in uneven growth in peripheral and semiperipheral nations. docsity.com
