Population and Urbanization - Introduction to Sociology - Lecture Notes, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Population and Urbanization - Introduction to Sociology - Lecture Notes and more Study notes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Population and Urbanization Demography • study of size, composition, growth and distribution of human populations • Malthusian theorem – while population grows geometrically, food supply increases only arithmetically – if births go unchecked, the population will outstrip its food supply • exponential growth curve – if growth doubles during approximately equal intervals of time, it suddenly accelerates • demographic transition – stage 1: high birth rate, high death rate, relatively stable population – stage 2: high birth rate, low or decreasing death rate, rapidly growing population – stage 3: low or decreasing birth rate, low death rate, relatively stable population Population Growth • least industrialized nations (1.8% per year) growing 15 times faster than most industrialized nations (0.1% per year) – Why do least industrialized nations have so many children? • status of parenthood • supported by shared community values • children considered an economic asset • men control women's reproductive choices • implications of different rates of growth – population pyramids depict population by age and sex • age cohort – standard of living related to political stability 3 Basic Demographic Variables • fertility – fertility rate – fecundity rate – crude birth rate • mortality – crude death rate • migration – net migration rate; • immigrants, emigrants • push, pull factors – from least industrialized nations to industrialized countries • basic demographic equation – growth rate = births - deaths + net migration • growth rate declines in every country that industrializes Docsity.com