Population Distribution - Lecture Notes | SOC 674, Study notes of Introduction to Sociology

Download Population Distribution - Lecture Notes | SOC 674 and more Study notes Introduction to Sociology in PDF only on Docsity! Population Distribution 1. Where do people live? 2. What kind of people live where? 3. Particularly relevant in field of “applied demography” a. Market research b. Election research c. Planning 1 Regional categories 1. Urban-rural 2. Regions – e.g., Midwest, upper-midwest 3. States (primary units) 4. Counties 5. Cities/towns/municipalities 6. Statistical areas (MSA, SMSA, LMA, etc.) 7. Census blocks/tracts 8. Other (e.g., zip code) 2 Boundaries State ‘00 County ww Census. Tract ‘OO Block Group "OO Block ‘OO Place ‘OO Place ‘OO Urban Area ‘OO Urban Area Features fe Major Road Street Stream/Waterbody Oo Stream/Waterbody Helici cob, St 14.02 1 Wingra Lk — miles.acros Mendota Lk 1 eer AP adison Drake is: Da Monona Lk 1703 o> f Ay 14.01 Complications 1. Boundary changes 2. Need to balance continuity and changing needs/realities 3. Differences between residence and “sphere of activity” 3 Measures 1. Population Density 2. Location quotients 3. Index of dissimilarity 4. Index of redistribution 5. Index of concentration 4 Index of dissimilarity ∑ = −= N 1i iiD |yx|0.5I what proportion of the population would have to relocate to achieve even distribution? For example, urban-rural, racial composition *Index of relocation and index of concentration are calculated in the same manner – interpretation differs 7 Index of dissimilarity in top 40 metro areas 2000 census Gary, IN Detroit, MI Milwaukee WI Jacksonvill NC Total U.S. , e, White- Black 0.88 0.87 0.84 0.32 0.65 A A b N Y k Ph inn r or, MI (*) ew or oen x White- Asian 0.64 0.51 0.28 0.42 New York, NY Orlando Laredo White- Hi i 0.67 0.41 0.29 0.52 span c Proportion population who would have to relocate to achieve even distribution *not among top 40 metro areas, but interesting Indexes of exposure ∑ = ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛= N 1i i iijm t x X xP Isolation index – percent white in area where the ave white tends to live m=group (racial minority), j=geographical unit (metro area), i=subunit of larger geo unit (census tract) x-=population of group m, X = population of geographical unit; t= pop of subunit ∑ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛= N iijm t y X xP Interaction index –percent Asian in area where the ave hit t d t li=1i i w e en s o ve x and y are two population group (e.g. whites and asians) 12 Center of the population 1. Where is the center of population gravity? 2. Basically just a weighted average of populations with mapping coordinates as weights ∑∑= iii p/xpx and ∑∑= iii p/ypy 3. Is now Phelps County, MO $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ 1920 1890 1790 1870 1800 1910 1900 1830 1810 1940 1820 1860 1850 1930 1880 1840 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 JE FF ER SO N CR AW FO RD PHELPS ST. CLAIR CLINTON CLAY SU LL IV AN GREENE OWEN MONROE BARTHO- LOMEW DE CA TU R BOONE HIGHLAND PIKE W IR T UP SH UR GR AN T HARDY LOUDOUN HOWARD KENT MICHIGAN OHIO PENNSY LVANIA NEW YO RK DE MARYLAN D VIRGINIA WEST VIRGINIA KENTUCKY INDIANA ILLINOIS MISSOURI ARKANSAS TENNESSEE NORTH C AROLINA SOUTH C AROLINA Mean Center of Population for the United States: 1790 to 2000 U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau Prepared by the Geography Division $ Mean Center of Population N $ 2000 0 200 Kilometers 0 150 Miles Housing 1. Room occupancy rate=total pop÷total # rooms 2. Crowding – 1.0 or more per room 3. Severe crowding – 1.5 or more per room 4. US – 5.7% HH crowded, 2,7% severely crowded 5. In 1940, figures were 20.2% and 9.0% 6. CA and HI are most crowded 13