Position paper on biofuel in Ph, Essays (university) of Fossil Fuels

Download Position paper on biofuel in Ph and more Essays (university) Fossil Fuels in PDF only on Docsity! The use of biofuels as an alternative source of energy in the Philippines La ko kabalo if formal2 like research type bay bet sa inyo prof na title or kanang nay keme2, so I went with something simple and formal nlng and gi-third person nako sya kay para mas formal kuno Energy demand around the world is increasing as time goes by and as the world progresses, with this we are faced with the question: How long until we use up all of these fossil energy sources? The world is powered by energy; in fact, over 70% of our daily activities and industrial processes are generated by non-renewable energy [CITATION Ste20 \l 1033 ]. Non-renewable energy are energy sources that are non-replenishable and would completely run out when time comes, not only that but the use of fossil energy is also one of the main contributors for the rise of the Earth’s temperature or climate change. Currently, these sources are gradually depleting in order to meet the world’s demand. To mitigate the exhaustion of these supplies, scientists developed an alternative energy source through producing energy from renewable energy or a sustainable energy. Biofuels is one of the renewable energy sources that scientists created, it is a fuel obtained from biomass including crops, trees, plants, and organic wastes [ CITATION Sel20 \l 1033 ]. Biofuel has two types: Bioethanol and Biodiesel, Bioethanol is produced from fermented sugar and starch containing plants, used in blended fuels with petrol which can be used by a “flex-fuel” car indicating that it can use both ethanol and petrol, while Biodiesel is extracted from greases and coconut oils which will then be mixed with certain percentage level of diesel. On the other hand, Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil is processed through hydroprocessing of oils and fats – it is a series of chemical reactions that take place as part of oil refining, it is blended with diesel with infinite blending level; HVO is also known as renewable diesel [ CITATION She21 \l 1033 ]. The use of biofuels has gained attention globally for it emits less carbon dioxide (CO2) than traditional energy resources. Fossil fuel greatly constitutes to climate change; thus, large corporations are taking extra steps by supporting initiatives that lessen emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) in an attempt to alleviate this alarming dilemma. Shell, a renowned international energy company, have ventured in investing in the production of biofuels. It has partnered with multiple companies in several countries such as Canada, United States, Brazil, United Kingdom, and India [ CITATION She21 \l 1033 ]. To define the ability of a country to produce and sustain biofuel, it relies on numerous factors: resource-demand gap, financial capability, land productivity, volume of production, land area capacity, biological control of the ideal crops, and workforce of scientists needed. Since biofuels are studied and use from a variety of standpoints, it is utilized in transportation, generating electricity, household purposes such as cooking, and etc. for the reason that biomass can directly be converted into liquid fuels [ CITATION ENE21 \l 1033 ]. As a matter of fact, 0.3 billion gallons of biodiesel was consumed globally in the year 2001 and in 2016, 56 countries consumed 9.3 billion gallons of biodiesel wherein the U.S expended 22%, Brazil – 10%, France – 10%, Indonesia – 9%, Germany – 7%, and 42% were used by all other countries [ CITATION USE20 \l 1033 ]. Meanwhile, nearly 60% of energy used in the Philippines comes from fossil fuels [ CITATION Bio19 \l 1033 ]. In the year 2007, the Philippines established the Republic Act (RA) 9367 or the Biofuel Act of 2007 to boost the production and utilization of bioethanol and biodiesel in the country [ CITATION Con07 \l 1033 ], making the firs Southeast Asian country to have biofuels legislation in place. Biomass- based diesel are fuels blended with petroleum diesel mixed with 2%, 5%, or 10% biofuels in a gallon; biodiesel and petroleum blends are called as B2, B5, or B10 and ethanol and petroleum blends are E2, E5, or E10 depending on the amount blended [ CITATION USE20 \l 1033 ]. In Philippines biofuel production, sugarcane and molasses are the primary source to produce ethanol while biodiesel is mainly derived from coconut oil [ CITATION Bio19 \l 1033 ], this points the importance of the agriculture sector for the success in the production of biofuel. In the context of small-scale usage of biofuel such as heating and cooking as an alternative for fossil fuels in the Philippines, the country is capable of doing so that in fact in 2015, the Global Agricultural Information Network (2015) report showed that the Philippines’ Biodiesel local production goal has been met promptly producing 226 Million Liters and consuming 218ML of it, considering that coconut covers 29% of the country’s farms with 3,517.7ha [ CITATION Phi15 \l 1033 ]. However, in that same year, ethanol production failed to make its cut and had to be met through imports due to low sugar production even with 14,735, 200mt sugarcane produced [ CITATION Phi15 \l 1033 ]. It is also indicated in the Department of Energy (DOE) 2017-2040 Philippine Energy Plan (PEP) that target blending mandate to reach E10 and B5 level in year 2019, E20 and B10 level in 2020, and E85 and B20 by 2030 [ CITATION Dep17 \l 1033 ]. However, according to the Philippines’ 2019 Biofuel Annual report, ethanol blends reached 10% while biodiesel remains with 2% [ CITATION Cor191 \l 1033 ], thus still failing to meet the set blend targets. Moreover, through imports of ethanol was the set objective was only attained while also covering local non- bioenergy purposes, and even though ethanol imports only allow up to four years after the 2009 blend implementation, however, insufficient local production has forced importation to do so. The transport sector is the foremost consumer of energy. Philippines’ transport accounted 35.7% of the total energy consumption in 2018 with 12.2 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) overall demand [CITATION Dep18 \l 1033 ]. Additionally, the Philippines could only produce 220ML biodiesel with 202,000mt coconut oil in 2019 while consuming 225ML biodiesel on-road use, thus lacking 5ML and was only filled through import. Going back to the significance of the agriculture sector, production of coconut and sugarcane would need to be assessed. Coconut production in 2019 was approximately 4.04 million metric tons, which is said to be 0.3% higher than the previous year, while sugarcane was only 403.57 thousand metric tons from 1.01 million metric ton in 2018, decreasing by 60%