Ancient Architecture: Roman, Etruscan, Byzantine, Islamic, Indian, Japanese, Quizzes of Architecture

Download Ancient Architecture: Roman, Etruscan, Byzantine, Islamic, Indian, Japanese and more Quizzes Architecture in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 basilica DEFINITION 1 Ancient Roman colonnaded hall for public useLater adopted as a building type for early Christian churchesOblong buildings w/isles and galleries with an apse opposite the entrance TERM 2 de architectura DEFINITION 2 A treatise on architecture written by the Roman architect Vitruvius and dedicated to his patron, the emperor Caesar Augustus, as a guide for building projects. TERM 3 Etruscans DEFINITION 3 civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Latium. Pre- Roman TERM 4 Roman concrete DEFINITION 4 material used in construction during the late Roman Republic through the whole history of the Roman Empire.Mortar mixed with aggregates, including volcanic ash for extra strengthThe 'glue' that held structures together, such as the Roman Arch TERM 5 castrum DEFINITION 5 buildings or plots of land reserved to or constructed for use as a military defensive position.includes cardo and decumanus orientations TERM 6 cardo DEFINITION 6 north-south-oriented street in Roman cities, military camps, and coloniae.an integral component of city planning, was lined with shops and vendors, and served as a hub of economic life. TERM 7 decumanus DEFINITION 7 an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city, castra, or colonia. TERM 8 acqueduct DEFINITION 8 An artificial water supply or navigable channel constructed to convey water. In Ancient Rome, they were usually masonry or brick structures, supported on arches TERM 9 triumphal arch DEFINITION 9 A monumental structure in the shape of an archway with one or more arched passageways, often designed to span a road. TERM 10 amphitheater DEFINITION 10 An open-air venue used for entertainment and performances.elliptical or circular space surrounded by rising tiers of seats.e.g. Pompeii or ColosseumThe term derives from the ancient Greek - (amphitheatron), from - (amphi), meaning "on both sides" or "around" and (thtron), meaning "place for viewing". TERM 21 quincunx DEFINITION 21 A geometric pattern consisting of five points arranged in a cross, that is five coplanar points, four of them forming a square or rectangle and a fifth at its center. TERM 22 onion dome DEFINITION 22 a pointed bulbous dome common in Russia and Eastern Europe, especially on churches and church towers.structurally, it's not a true dome TERM 23 mosque DEFINITION 23 an islamic place for prayer, strictly orientated towards Mecca TERM 24 qibla DEFINITION 24 direction which every muslim must turn when praying (towards Mecca). TERM 25 mihrab DEFINITION 25 niche in the qibla wall of a mosque, normally in the center and emphasized by a wide aisle from the main entrance with a dome over the last bay or raised transept.most, if not only, richly decorated part of mosque interiors TERM 26 minaret DEFINITION 26 A distinctive architectural feature of Islamic mosques, generally a tall spire with an onion-shaped or conical crown, usually either free standing or taller than any associated support structure. TERM 27 souq/souk DEFINITION 27 An open-air marketplace or commercial quarter in an Arab or Berber city. TERM 28 muqarna DEFINITION 28 series of tiers of small niches or concave cells in vaultstype of corbel employed as a decorative device in traditional Islamic and Persian architecture. TERM 29 chaitya hall DEFINITION 29 early Indian Buddhist or Hindu temple or shrine having a long hall divided into a central nave with side aisles by two rows of columns, terminating in a part-circular apsidal end to allow a passage way round the votive chaitya or stupa.earliest were free standing timber structures TERM 30 mandala DEFINITION 30 form of a stupa, with square bas rising to circular structure TERM 31 sikhara DEFINITION 31 faceted or pleated stone towerspire or tower over a Hindu temple TERM 32 gopura DEFINITION 32 An elaborate, monumental and tall gateway into a Hindu Temple, especially in Southern India. TERM 33 feng shui DEFINITION 33 The ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement of space to achieve harmony with the environment. TERM 34 pagoda DEFINITION 34 name of a Chinese or Japanese Buddhist Temple tower, usually tiered and several stories.may have originated from the stuppa TERM 35 shintoism DEFINITION 35 The indigenous spirituality of Japan and the people of Japan. It is a set of practices, to be carried out diligently, to establish a connection between present day Japan and its ancient past and nature.