POWER point presentation on STROKES, Essays (university) of Human Physiology

Download POWER point presentation on STROKES and more Essays (university) Human Physiology in PDF only on Docsity! CONTENT OF PRESENTATION  Introduction to Stroke  Types of stroke  Causes  Process of occurrence  Consequences of stroke  Physical effects  Emotional effects  Cognitive effects  Treatment  Conclusion STEVEN SSEMWOGERERE STROKE. – is brain damage due to interrupted normal blood supply to the brain. – Strokes can occur due to blockage or rapture of brain blood vessels. - Causing Thus, Impairing normal brain Hypo-perfusion functioning Statistics (USA) • About 700,000 stroke victims annually • Over 167,000 annual deaths • Worlds third killer disease • Long term disabilities among survivors  Providing immediate medical attention to reduce brain damage and increase the patients chances of survival. be provided to an individual suffering the condition to avoid severe permanent brain damages 6. Migraine: severe head ache with other characteristics coupled with an Aura of neurological symptoms. - Not considered as stroke causing factor. - But mimics ischaemic stroke characteristics with loss of speech and vision. OTHER CAUSES OF STROKE 7. High blood pressure: builds up stress on vessels making them weak and breakable (rupture) hence haemorrhagic stroke. 8. Smoking: cigerates contain nicotine and carbon monoxide which accelerate blood clotting factors. - Narrowing blood vessels hence, hypertension causing ischaemic stroke. 9. Carotid artery stenosis: hardening of neck arteries due to (smoking, high blood pressure). - Victims might experience a (TIA) Transient Ischemic Attack as assign to show an oncoming stroke. - If no immediate medication. Progressive stenosis occurs as plaque continually builds up narrowing the blood vessels. 10. Diabetes: high blood glucose levels also narrow blood vessels. 11. Diet/ Weight: people with obesity have increased level of cholesterol and fatty deposits in blood vessels. 12. Arterial fibrillation: due to insufficient rate of pumping in the atria’s causing blood to form lumps (clots). - The clots break apart and spread through blood circulation reaching major brain vessels. Thus, embolic stroke. 13. Medications: Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (Aspirin) used to relieve pain. - Prevent clot formation thus, excessive internal bleeding leading to an haemorrhagic stroke. 14. Age: Although most strokes victims are among older age group. - Research shows that the rate of strokes under the age of 55 increased from 12.9% to 18.6% over 12 years. - Hence, all age groups are victim to stroke. 15. Family: Incidences of strokes can run in families. - Genetic disorders of high blood pressure or diabetes passed on from one family generation to another. 16. Race: Study's conclude that stroke is more prevalent among African-Americans compared to white-Americans. CONSEQUENCES OF STROKE: The brain is complex and controls several body functions. -Severe stroke brain damage can create short term or long term effects to the victim’s body. -Post stroke conditions create negative effects among stroke survivors. PHYSICAL EFFECTS.  Dysphagia: Swallowing food or even liquid stuffs becomes difficult. - Due to paralysis of throat muscles. Tiredness: loss of energy in the body, victims easily get tired and participate less in any activity. Paralysis (Hemiparesis or hemiplegia): affects one side of the body opposite to where the stroke occurred. - As a result, body imbalance and reduced coordination. - For example, Lock-in syndrome were one can only move the eye muscles but cannot control other body muscles. SURGERY TO TREAT STROKES - Carotid endarterectomy- small incision is made on the side of neck to remove the plaque from the carotid artery. - Angioplasty surgery- large coronary artery accessed through groin using a guided tube to reach the plaque. - Together with a catheter attached to a balloon surrounded by an expandable stent to expand the narrowed artery.  Treating haemorrhagic stroke - Primary aim is to control bleeding and reduce the pressure building upon the brain. - Emergency measures may include: use of anti-platelet drugs to prevent blood clotting. - When bleeding stops treatment consists of medical care and surgery to remove blood pressure on the brain. - Surgical clipping and coiling are also some of the common surgical options adopted to treat haemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSION  Stroke induces great brain damage. - As the engine for the body and its functions. - This creates future distressing experiences for any stroke victim - Stroke symptoms left un noticed create greater damage to victims brain - Therefore, a stroke survivor’s chances of being independent and confident in society is lowered. - However, early treatment might reduce stroke damage.