Glossary of Terms Related to Speech Disorders and Anatomy, Quizzes of Psychology

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TERM 1 Myasthenia Gravis DEFINITION 1 weakness/fatigue (LMN) TERM 2 Multiple Sclerosis DEFINITION 2 demyelination of brain and spine TERM 3 Huntington's Disease DEFINITION 3 psych disturbances and chorea (death of brain cells) TERM 4 GERD DEFINITION 4 proton pump inhibitor TERM 5 supraglottic swallow DEFINITION 5 airway protection/closure TERM 6 chin tuck DEFINITION 6 trigger swallow reflex TERM 7 Head turn DEFINITION 7 paralysis/weakness TERM 8 Mendehlson Manuever DEFINITION 8 hyolaryngeal elevation and increase EUS duration TERM 9 Effortful swallow DEFINITION 9 residue and BOT movement TERM 10 pyramidal system DEFINITION 10 voluntary movement - descending pathways TERM 21 Interarytenoid DEFINITION 21 adduct TERM 22 posterior cricoarytenoid DEFINITION 22 abduct TERM 23 cricothyroid DEFINITION 23 raise pitch, stretch vfs TERM 24 hyoid elevation DEFINITION 24 stylohyoid, geniohyoid, myohyoid, digastric TERM 25 hyoid depression DEFINITION 25 thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid TERM 26 sibilant DEFINITION 26 high pitch fricative (s, sh) TERM 27 strident DEFINITION 27 sibilant plus f and v TERM 28 autism DEFINITION 28 restricted and repetitive behavior and social communication TERM 29 FEES DEFINITION 29 laryngeal penetration and pharyngeal residuefor bedside patients TERM 30 MBS DEFINITION 30 aspiration/penetrationswallow durationpharyngeal and esophageal function* use for oral phase complaints TERM 31 vowels DEFINITION 31 highest amp, least constriction TERM 32 F1 DEFINITION 32 tongue height (low vowel = high f1) TERM 33 F2 DEFINITION 33 tongue advancement (front = high F2) TERM 34 back vowel DEFINITION 34 narrow harmonic spacing TERM 35 nasals DEFINITION 35 low amplitude (due to zeroes in oral cavity)low fq F1 (nasal formant) TERM 46 Angelman Syndrome DEFINITION 46 severe intellectual deficits, seizures TERM 47 Apert syndrome DEFINITION 47 hypoplasia, malformations of skull, face, hands and feet TERM 48 autism tx DEFINITION 48 DIR modelpivotal response training (relationship intervention) TERM 49 pivotal response training DEFINITION 49 applied behavior analysis used as an early intervention for children with autism TERM 50 breathy voice DEFINITION 50 H1 higher amp than H2 TERM 51 creaky voice DEFINITION 51 H1 lower amp than H2 TERM 52 modal voice DEFINITION 52 H1 and H2 = amp TERM 53 Behavior Theory DEFINITION 53 reinforcement, Skinnerenvironment and learning TERM 54 Nativist theory DEFINITION 54 language acquisition devicedeep and surface structures (syntax)Chomsky TERM 55 Cognitive theory DEFINITION 55 sensorimotorpreoperationalconcrete operational --> logical causality (7-11 yrs)Formal operational TERM 56 social interactionist DEFINITION 56 social interaction with adults - motivation is keyVygotsky TERM 57 distinctive features theory DEFINITION 57 develop feature contrasts (not individual sounds) --> sounds developed in specific order TERM 58 generative phonology DEFINITION 58 underlying representations, surface forms and phonological rules TERM 59 natural phonology DEFINITION 59 born with phonological processes that simplify production and suppress with ageunderlying rep = adultlike TERM 60 prosodic theory DEFINITION 60 whole words (produce chunks instead of individual phonemes) TERM 71 4 yrs DEFINITION 71 d, t, k, g, j TERM 72 5 yrs DEFINITION 72 k, dj, r, s, z, th TERM 73 early middle and late 8 DEFINITION 73 early: m,b, j, n, w, d, p, h --> 1-3late: l, r, th, th, sh, s, z, zh TERM 74 phonology vs. phonetics DEFINITION 74 rules vs. productions TERM 75 phonological patterns gone by 3 DEFINITION 75 1. FCD2. weak syllable deletion3. reduplication4. fronting5. prevocalic voicing6. consonant assimilation TERM 76 phonological patterns persist past 3 DEFINITION 76 1. stopping2. final consonant devoicing3. epenthesis4. cluster reduction5. vocalization6. depalatization7. gliding (l/r with w/j) TERM 77 intelligibility DEFINITION 77 2-3: 50-75%4-5: 75-90%5+: 90-100% TERM 78 Apraxia DEFINITION 78 motor learning principlesintegral stimulationmore practice TERM 79 horizontal goal attack DEFINITION 79 several sounds taught in sequence TERM 80 vertical goal attack DEFINITION 80 each sound targeted until mastered TERM 81 learnability theory DEFINITION 81 exposure to more complex phonological targets --> greatest change TERM 82 Traditional (van riper) DEFINITION 82 1. sensory-perceptual training2. isolation --> increase complexity TERM 83 sensory-motor DEFINITION 83 bisyllable units in facilitative contexts--> expand contexts TERM 84 multiple phoneme DEFINITION 84 simultaneous instruction - 3 phases (establishment, transfer, maintenence) TERM 85 paired-stimuli DEFINITION 85 key words (target is correct)training words TERM 96 core vocabulary DEFINITION 96 functional whole words (inconsistent phonological disorder) TERM 97 metaphonological intervention DEFINITION 97 SSD, literacy development TERM 98 nonlinear phonological intervention DEFINITION 98 prosodic structures TERM 99 facilitation vs. induction DEFINITION 99 modeling (could be learned w/o therapy) vs. explicit teaching beyond modeling (couldnt be learning w/o therapy) TERM 100 focused vs. general stimulation DEFINITION 100 repetition, modeling vs. enriched language environment/no specific targets TERM 101 structured play DEFINITION 101 subsequent motivation event TERM 102 top down DEFINITION 102 whole language approach (contextual guessing) TERM 103 bottom up DEFINITION 103 phonics TERM 104 RTI Tier 1 DEFINITION 104 majority of kids (reading program in regular ed) TERM 105 RTI Tier 2 DEFINITION 105 30 min additional small group TERM 106 RTI Tier 3 DEFINITION 106 intensive; 2 additional 30 min groups TERM 107 presupposition DEFINITION 107 motherese - taking perspective/accomodating in convo TERM 108 theory of mind DEFINITION 108 complex presupposition TERM 109 cognitive perspective tking DEFINITION 109 inferring thoughts/emotions TERM 110 perceptual perspective taking DEFINITION 110 understanding what another persons is seeing TERM 121 oral manometer DEFINITION 121 compares pressure w/ occluded vs. open nostrils.87 ratio = very hypernasal/audible nasal emissions TERM 122 furlow z-plasty DEFINITION 122 repair and lengthen velum TERM 123 pharyngeal flap surgery DEFINITION 123 correct the airflow during speech. The procedure is common among people with cleft palate and some types of dysarthria. TERM 124 VPI compensatory errors DEFINITION 124 pharyngeal stops and fricativesglottal stopgeneralized backingnasal emission: sibilant sounds TERM 125 pierre robin sequence DEFINITION 125 micrognathia (small jaw), glossoptosis, airway obstruction TERM 126 pharyngeal nerve DEFINITION 126 soft palate TERM 127 superior laryngeal nerve DEFINITION 127 cricothyroiddamage --> gurgly voice, reduced pitch TERM 128 recurrent laryngeal nerve DEFINITION 128 all intrinsic layrngeal musclesdamage --> breathy and soft TERM 129 vital capacity DEFINITION 129 volume you can exhale after max inhale TERM 130 tidal volume DEFINITION 130 air inhaled and exhaled during normal breathing TERM 131 expiratory pressure DEFINITION 131 positive TERM 132 inspiratory pressure DEFINITION 132 negative TERM 133 exhalation muscles DEFINITION 133 internal intercostals TERM 134 subglottic pressure during speech DEFINITION 134 4-6 cm H20 TERM 135 strained/creaky voice DEFINITION 135 increased medial compression TERM 146 adductor spasmodic dysphonia DEFINITION 146 strain --> vfs slam and stiffen (hard to speak)most commonno cure (botox) TERM 147 abductor spasmodic dysphonia DEFINITION 147 weak breathy --> vfs open TERM 148 spasmodic dysphonia DEFINITION 148 laryngeal motor control - involuntary TERM 149 paradoxical vf movement DEFINITION 149 dyspea and stridor TERM 150 pubertonia DEFINITION 150 cicumlaryngeal massage, establish lower pitch TERM 151 ventricular phonation DEFINITION 151 diplophonia TERM 152 tremor DEFINITION 152 shorten vowel duration and phrase length and elevate pitchno cure - botoxlesion in extra-pyramidal system TERM 153 laryngomalacia DEFINITION 153 upper larynx collpases - unnatural cry and breathing TERM 154 contact ulcer DEFINITION 154 raw sore due to throat clearing or intubation TERM 155 polyp DEFINITION 155 one side TERM 156 garnuloma DEFINITION 156 lesion on arytenoid cartillagebreathy TERM 157 functional aphonia DEFINITION 157 no voiceLCA paralysis TERM 158 hypophonic DEFINITION 158 breathy - possible paralysis