Space Medicine: Human Physiological Changes and Health Care Strategies During Space Travel, Slides of Human Resource Management

Download Space Medicine: Human Physiological Changes and Health Care Strategies During Space Travel and more Slides Human Resource Management in PDF only on Docsity! 2 The general charge to the Committee on Creating a Vision for Space Medicine During Travel Beyond Earth Orbit was to develop a vision for space medicine for long-duration space travel. Publication date: 2001 SAFE PASSAGE 3 To support safe human exploration of space, NASA should pursue a two component strategy: (1) A comprehensive health care system for astronauts to capture all relevant epidemiological data. (2) Pursue a long term, focused health care research strategy to capture all necessary data on health risks and their amelioration. An occupational health model should apply in the first case. Executive Summary Docsity.com 4 “Today I Announce a new plan to explore space and extend a human presence across our solar system. We will begin the effort quickly, using existing programs and personnel. We’ll make steady progress, one mission, one voyage, one landing at a time. …to return to the moon by 2020, as the launching point for missions beyond.” President Bush; January 14, 2004 5 Michael Griffin, administrator of the US space agency stated on September 25, 2007 at the International Aeronautical Congress that: “We have a long term plan to put a man on mars by 2037.” September 2009 Panel: Return to Moon is No-Go! An additional $3,000,000,000 per year, a mismatch between resources and rhetoric. NASA is unable to get beyond low-earth orbit without more $$$! Other options are to be considered. - Seth Borenstein (AP) Docsity.com 13 14 Skylab Missions May 14th 1973 Mission duration: 28,59,84 days 15 Challenger January 18, 1986 Columbia February 1, 2003 Seven fatalities Seven fatalities Docsity.com 17 Work on the ISS 18 Human Physiological Change Resulting from Extended Travel in Space Musculosketical System: Loss of bone mineral density Loss of skeletal muscle Cardiovascular System: Orthostatic hypotension Loss of hydrostatic pressure Pulmonary System: Changes in circulation and gas exchange Alimentary System: Ileus Decrease absorption or malabsorption Docsity.com 19 Human Physiological Change Resulting from Extended Travel in Space (Cont’ed) Nervous System: Ataxia Motion sickness Disturbed fine motor functions Altered circadian rhythm Reproductive Systems: Effect of radiation on gametes Urinary System: Renal Calculi Hematological & Immunological system: Anemia Potential immunologic depression 20 Work on the ISS Human Space Flight Experience 220 Astronauts current in the corp 460 Astronauts/Cosmonauts have flown 775 Individual space flights Over 128 STS missions up to 17 days Longest duration in space: Female: 188 Male: 400 days 12 men have walked on the lunar surface Aborts: Russia 3 – USA 1 Deaths: US has lost 17 crew in mission related accidents 21 Docsity.com Observations from SAFE PASSAGE 28 Physician (Flight surgeon) plays multiple roles: coach, clinician, researcher, and fellow Astronaut. Make the collection of individual medical data an expected part of participation in all space missions. “NASA should develop and use an occupational health model for collection and analysis of Astronaut health data.” Crew likely to be multicultural, international & both sexes. 29 Long Duration Space Flight Astronauts will live and work for longer periods of time. The longer in that environment, the more it resembles a workplace. Issues of health and safety are more likely to arise. In the occupational health context, medical confidentiality becomes less important. The occupational health model will need to transcend astronaut personal concerns. The occupational health model will become the primary driver of medical services. 30 Important health issues Radiation Loss of bone mineral density Cardiovascular effects Behavioral adaptation Docsity.com Health Care Strategy Expected incident of health conditions Institute preventive measures Match health condition with medical management Level of skill on board Necessary diagnostic technologies Necessary treatment technologies Measures to stabilize Disposition plan in case of death 31 Health Care Strategy (Cont'ed) Long-term care Medical surveillance Strategy review 32 Purposes of Occupational Health Surveillance 33 Incidence & Prevalence of disease and injury. Identify individual causes of disease and injury. Find and evaluate others who may be at risk. Discover new associations between agent and disease. Docsity.com 34 New crew system Logistic lift system Establish a habitat Research laboratory Expendables generator Dependable Bus lift The Moon by 2020 ? 35 The Moon by 2020 ? Orion Moon Transportation Capsule 36 Orion transporter (Ares I)Logistics transporter (Ares V) Constellation System Docsity.com Space Radiation Risk Long term exposure to Solar particle events and galactic cosmic radiation Cancer, Neurologic effects, Reproductive alterations. Short term high-energy, charged particles (HZE) – Death. Estimates of events are based on large uncertainties. Operational shielding Screening (genetic predisposition) Prevention Intervention Countermeasures: Food for long duration Space flight Food packages have been tested for: taste, texture, digestibility, residual and ease of preparation. Main courses, desserts and drinks: 1200 kcal and 550 kcal. 29 selections include: main courses, rice, soups, beverages, protein bars, chocolate, fruits and chewing gum. Something more than a takeout or picnic basket Docsity.com Food for long duration Space flight (Cont’ed) Main Courses of: beef, pork, chicken, fish, bean curd, mushroom, cabbage. Sampling satisfaction rates of 86% - 100% 47 Outbound Surface Stay Inbound ? To Mars By 2040 ? Transfer to Mars and return 48 ? To Mars By 2040 ? Docsity.com 49 ? To Mars By 2040 ? 50 ? To Mars By 2040 ? 51 ? To Mars By 2040 ? First photograph of Earth and the moon taken from Mars. Docsity.com