PRESENTATION ON FAMOUS INDIAN MATHEMATICIANS, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Mathematics

Download PRESENTATION ON FAMOUS INDIAN MATHEMATICIANS and more Study Guides, Projects, Research Mathematics in PDF only on Docsity! THE GREAT MATHEMATICIANS * & AND THEIR ROLE IN HISTORY = ra CONTRIB le ele Doe. sage ea  Shakuntala Devi was born on 4 November 1929 to a Hindu Brahmin family in Bangalore. Her parents discovered her amazing capacity to memorise numbers when she was three years old. By fi ve, she could compute cube roots in her mind. Soon, she began to deliver public performances and appeared on radio shows as well. Her father took her on a trip across the country.  By the age of 6,she had her fi rst major show at the University of Mysore where she displayed her mathematical prowess by fi nding out complex square roots and cube roots within a few seconds.  She would always answer in a matter of 10 to 30 seconds, and sometimes faster than a person could even write the answer.  At the age of 8, she was acknowledged as a ‘child prodigy.’ SHAKUNTALA DEVI GURPREET KAUR C.R RAO Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao ,aka C.R Rao Is an Indian-American mathmatician. He is a 100 year old professor at Pennsylvania State University. He was born in 1920 , in Huvanna Hadagali. He was the 8th child in a family of 6 brothers and 4 sisters. His father was a police inspector and the family moved frequently; however, he benefited a lot from his mother’s discipline and his father’s encouraging him to solve mathematical Hiya Chaudhary ACHIEVEMENTS •  C.R. Rao organized research and training programs for outstanding students which "put India not far from the center of the statistical map of the world". • He was the chairman of the UN Committee, which examined the demand for statistical personnel in Asian countries and recommended the establishment of an Institute for statistical development in South East Asia.  • He founded the Indian Econometric Society, which has been active in promoting quantitative studies in econometrics for planning purposes. • He also founded the Indian Society for Medical Statistics which hold conferences every year to discuss problems of current interest. Hiya Chaudhary • He received 33 honorary doctoral degrees from universities of 18 countries spanning 6 continents. • Some examples of his numerous Indian and international awards: -Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award of the Indian Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, from Prime Minister Nehru in 1963. C. R. Rao donated the entire prize money to the National Defense Fund saying that "The country's need is greater than that of an individual scientist". -National Medal of Science, USA in 2002, from the American president, G. W. Bush, calling him "a prophet of new age". -India Science Award "for his significant contributions to the field of statistical science during an illustrious career spanning six decades", given by the Prime Minister of India in 2009. • He published 14 books in his career. Hiya Chaudhary • HE DEVELOPED THE INFLUENTIAL CIRCLE METHOD  IN PARTITION NUMBER THEORY •  HE DISCOVERED THE THREE RAMANUJAN’S  CONGRUENCES •  NUMBER 1729 IS NAMED HARDY–RAMANUJAN NUMBER •   • HE DID GROUNDBREAKING RESEARCH RELATED TO  FERMAT’S LAST THEOREM •  RAMANUJAN WAS THE FIRST TO DISCOVER  K3 SURFACES IN 1910S • HIS THETA FUNCTION LIES AT THE HEART OF STRING THEORY IN PHYSICS •  HIS MOCK MODULAR FORMS MAY UNLOCK THE SECRET OF BLACK HOLES                                                                             JAANVI KHATTAR BHASKARA II Bhaskaracharya is just one of the many historical figures that you’ll rarely hear about, unless you happen to be from his home country of India. Bhaskara (c. 1114–1185) also known as Bhaskaracharya ("Bhaskara, the teacher"), was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He was born in Bijapur in Karnataka. JANVI CHHABRA WHO WAS BHASKARA II ?  Labelled as one the “greatest mathematicians of medieval India”, the 12th- Century mathematician Bhaskara II wrote many books containing mathematical and astronomical feats which would not be discovered elsewhere for another 500 years.  However, he is not well known outside of India. Over the years, most of his work went uncredited, or was otherwise given to others.  While he published many books, Bhaskara is mostly remembered for his 1150 A. D. masterpiece, the Siddhanta Siromani (Crown of Treatises). JANVI CHHABRA MAHAVIRA Mahāvīra was a 9th-century Jain mathematician possibly born in or close to the present day city of Mysore, in southern India.[1][2][3] He authored Gaṇitasārasan̄graha (Ganita Sara Sangraha) or the Compendium on the gist of Mathematics in 850 AD.[4] He was patronised by the Rashtrakuta king Amoghavarsha.[4] He separated astrology from mathematics. It is the earliest Indian text entirely devoted to mathematics.[5] He expounded on the same subjects on which Aryabhata and Brahmagupta contended, but he expressed them more clearly. His work is a highly syncopated approach to algebra and the emphasis in much of his text is on developing the techniques necessary to solve algebraic problems. Krishna Tibrawal Achievements • He was the first one to separate Astrology from Mathematics. He is highly respected among Indian Mathematicians because of his establishment of terminology for concepts such as equilateral triangle, isosceles triangle,rhombus, circle .•The rest of mathematical procedures such as basic operations, reduction of fractions, miscellaneous problems involving a linear or quadratic equation with one unknown, the rule of three (involving proportionality), mixture problems, geometric computations with plane figures, ditches (solids) and shadow.• He also included rules for permutations and combinations and for the area of a conch like plane figure (two unequal semi circles stuck together along their diameters). Krishna Tibrawal • Mahavira discovered algebraic identities: an identity is an equality type mathematical expression containing some variables, satisfied for any value of the variables. E.g• Mahavira in his ‘Ganitsarasangraha’ has given the general formula for combination: in Mathematics, Combination (nCr) is a selection of items from a collection. • His book, ‘Ganitsarasangraha’ contains rules for adding fractions of unequal denominators by finding niruddha or L.C.M. This book gives the rule for area and circumference of Ayatavritta, which is one of the most complicated calculations of mathematics. According to him, area of an ellipse is √(πa^2×πb^2 )=πab and the circumference is 2√((6b^2+4a^2)), where a is the major axis and b is the minor axis. Though this formula for circumference does not give accurate value but it has too much importance. Later many Mathematicians gave many formulae for finding the circumference, but only Ramanujan’s formula using calculus gives the most accurate value.Krishna Tibrawal BHRAMAGUPTA Born:598 Died:670 BIOGRAPHY: Brahmagupta, whose father was Jisnugupta, wrote important works on mathematics and astronomy. In particular he wrote Brahmasphutasiddhanta , in 628. The work was written in 25 chapters and Brahmagupta tells us in the text that he wrote it at Bhillamala which today is the city of Bhinmal. This was the capital of the lands ruled by the Gurjara dynasty. The Brahmasphutasiddhanta contains twenty-five chapters but the first ten of these chapters seem to form what many historians believe was a first version of Brahmagupta's work and some manuscripts exist which contain only these chapters. These ten chapters are arranged in topics which are typical of Indian mathematical astronomy texts of the period. The topics covered are: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three problems of diurnal rotation; lunar eclipses; solare clipses; risings and settings; the moon's crescent; the moon's shadow; conjunctions of the planets with each other; and conjunctions of the planets with the fixed stars. SHAILZA SHARMA Brahmagupta's understanding of the number systems went far beyond that of others of the period. In the Brahmasphutasiddhanta he defined zero as the result of subtracting a number from itself. He gave some properties as follows:- When zero is added to a number or subtracted from a number, the number remains unchanged; and a number multiplied by zero becomes zero. He also gives arithmetical rules in terms of fortunes (positive numbers) and debts (negative numbers):- A debt minus zero is a debt. A fortune minus zero is a fortune. Zero minus zero is a zero. A debt subtracted from zero is a fortune. A fortune subtracted from zero is a debt. The product of zero multiplied by a debt or fortune is zero. The product of zero multiplied by zero is zero. The product or quotient of two fortunes is one fortune. The product or quotient of two debts is one fortune. The product or quotient of a debt and a fortune is a debt. The product or quotient of a fortune and a debt is a debt. Brahmagupta then tried to extend arithmetic to include division by zero:- Positive or negative numbers when divided by zero is a fraction the zero as denominator. Zero divided by negative or positive numbers is either zero or is expressed as a fraction with zero as numerator and the finite quantity as denominator. Zero divided by zero is zero. SHAILZA SHARMA Summary: Brahmagupta was the foremost Indian mathematician of his time. He made advances in astronomy and most importantly in number systems including algorithms for square roots and the solution of quadratic equations. SHAILZA SHARMA