PRESENTATION SKILLS DETAILS, Slides of Grammar and Composition

Download PRESENTATION SKILLS DETAILS and more Slides Grammar and Composition in PDF only on Docsity! > Communica tion Skills Lec Uzma Ehsan Lec Uzma Ehsan Communica tion TYPES OF PRESENTATION1. Information-giving (predominantly descriptive, giving or summarizing information) 2. Discursive (to debate the strengths and limitations of an approach or develop an argument, exploring and weighing up different perspectives, challenging your audience to accept a different viewpoint) 3. Demonstrative (to be used in the context of training or teaching a practical skill to others) Lec Uzma Ehsan Contd…  Usually, the majority feels nervous when presenting something. It is mainly due to the fact that in a live presentation there is no second chance.  You can master this skill like many others, but it requires rigorous preparation, constant rehearsal, deep reflective practice and constructive feedback. Lec Uzma Ehsan Consider the following questions before your presentation:1. What is the main aim of the presentation and what message you want to deliver to the audience in the time limit set? 2. What is the current knowledge level of the audience and what new knowledge or awareness do you want the audience to have gained from your presentation? 3. What is the most effective way to communicate this knowledge?  Lec Uzma Ehsan THE RULE OF THREE  As a very general principle, the rule of three is offered. 1. Tell them what you are going to tell them. 2. Tell them. 3. Tell them what you have told them. Lec Uzma Ehsan INTRODUCTION  It is of key importance to get a good beginning.  Apart from introducing yourself and subject of your presentation, you should plan carefully about what point of entry will stimulate your audience and at the same time, form a springboard into the main topics of your delivery. Lec Uzma Ehsan MAIN PRESENTATION  Main presentation will be influenced by the general context and aim of your presentation and the expected audience.  As you develop your knowledge of the topic, you will feel more confident about what to include and what to exclude.  Identify the key messages.  Remember, less is almost always more. Lec Uzma Ehsan TIMING  In most presentations, it is usually better to deliver less content at a reasonable pace, than too much content at a faster pace that may leave the audience feeling overwhelmed and confused.  You should fit the topic into the allotted time and plan time for breaks and questions. This means you should think clearly about what to include and exclude from the final version of your presentation. Lec Uzma Ehsan DELIVERY  Inexperienced presenters attempt to write down the whole speech, even including ‘Good morning ladies and gentlemen’. They prepare a closely drafted text, each line filled, with very little space left.  Experienced presenters have their own style of notes, but never fill the page with text. You can organize your speech notes in many ways and it is very much a personal preference. Lec Uzma Ehsan FORM OF LANGUAGE  It is important to recognise and respond to the difference between formal written language and spoken language. When giving a presentation it is not obligatory to use complicated language constructions, to use long words, or to speak in nested and convoluted sentences.  If you choose to speak in a way that does not necessarily come naturally to you, or is in some way made more complicated than it needs to be, you will in all probability not communicate effectively. . Lec Uzma Ehsan Contd…  If you use more pictures and diagrams than text, you will possibly help the audience to understand better what you are saying. This is because after three days an audience will have retained 7% of what they read (bullet points, or other notes on the screen), but 55% of what they saw pictorially (charts, pictures, diagrams). Lec Uzma Ehsan VERBAL (VOICE, INTONATION, APPROPRIATE LANGUAGE) Remember that your voice is an incredible tool. On average 7% of what the audience understand comes from the words that are used within the verbal interactions, compared with 38% of information resulting in tone of voice and 55% being dependent on non- verbal cues. Lec Uzma Ehsan Contd…  Presentations are greatly enhanced by varying the tone of voice to emphasize aspects of the content. Make sure you project your voice to the back of the room.  Try to vary the tone of your voice and the speed or pace of delivery to give emphasis to different parts of what you say. Use silence to your advantage. A short pause can give emphasis to a point you are making. Lec Uzma Ehsan Contd…  Gestures. Using your hands can help in the same way that whole body movements can: to relax, stimulate and illustrate.  If you find it hard to use your hands naturally, then the best policy is to hold them by your sides. Lec Uzma Ehsan INTERACTING WITH AUDIENCE AND MANAGING QUESTIONS  While developing presentation skills, you can tend to focus on yourself as the speaker and forget about the audience. This is a mistake. You should be interactive.  If you begin positively and catch the audience’s attention by establishing a rapport, you are more likely to keep it. Lec Uzma Ehsan HANDLING NERVES  Many people get nervous when they speak in front of others.  You may find that you are nervous at the beginning of the talk until you get into the swing of it and then you are fine. This is very common.  There are several things that can help considerably: get as much practice as you can; concentrate on exposing yourself to similar situations; practise deliberate relaxation; and prepare for each specific presentation. Lec Uzma Ehsan FEEDBACK  Presentation skills require much feedback and the preparation for next presentation should be based on feedback from the last.  You should remember that for communication to take place, information has to flow in two directions – that is, the ‘receiver’ picks up the message from the ‘sender’ and confirms receipt by giving some form of recognizable feedback – even if it is no more than a gesture. Without real feedback you cannot be certain that communication has in fact taken place. Lec Uzma Ehsan Lec Uzma Ehsan Thanky ou