Principle of Electricity & Electronics Q&A 2023, Exams of Nursing

Download Principle of Electricity & Electronics Q&A 2023 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 What is an electron? - Correct Answer ✅The electron is a subatomic (smaller than an atom) particle that carries a single unit of negative electricity. All matter consists of atoms that, in turn, contain three very small particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Of these three, only electrons are thought to be fundamental particles, that is, incapable of being broken down into simpler particles. What is Alternating Current? - Correct Answer ✅An electric current that reverses its direction of flow(electrons) at regular intervals. Because the voltage of alternating current can be easily controlled with transformers, this is the type of electricity generated by power stations. The transformers raise the voltage to make it easier to transmit over long distances, then lower the voltage for safer use in homes and buildings. What is Phase Comparison and how can you make this comparison? - Correct Answer ✅Phase comparison is a comparison of the phase of two waveforms, usually of the same nominal frequency. In time and frequency, the purpose of a phase comparison is generally to determine the frequency offset (difference between wave cycles) with respect to a reference. A phase comparison can be made by connecting two signals to a two- channel oscilloscope. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 What is Phase shifting? - Correct Answer ✅describes the displacement of two signals in time. what is Phase Cancellation? - Correct Answer ✅This occurs when two signals of the same frequency are out of phase with each other resulting in a net reduction in the overall level of the combined signal. If two identical signals are 100% or 180 degrees out of phase they will completely cancel one another if combined. What is a Generator? - Correct Answer ✅converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. AC Generation and how does it work? - Correct Answer ✅A.C Generator works on the principle of electromagnetic induction (motional emf). In generator, an induced emf is produced by rotating a coil in a magnetic field. The flux linking the coil changes continuously hence a continuous fluctuating emf is obtained. What is Ohms Law? - Correct Answer ✅The potential difference (voltage) across an ideal conductor is proportional to the current through it. The constant of proportionality is called the "resistance", R. Georg Ohm found that, at a constant temperature, the electrical current flowing through a fixed linear resistance is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it, and also inversely proportional to the resistance. This relationship between the Voltage, Current and Resistance forms the basis of Ohms Law Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 as high as several megahertz (MHz). High-end oscilloscopes can display signals having frequencies up to several hundred gigahertz (GHz). What is Direct current, what can it not be used for and one example of something that uses Direct current. - Correct Answer ✅An electric current that moves in one direction with constant strength. Batteries are a source of direct current. Direct current not used for long distance power transmission because it is difficult to step up the voltage to a level that is efficient for energy transfer and then to step the voltage backdown again for safe domestic use. Who developed Direct current? - Correct Answer ✅Tom. Edison How does Alternating current work and how can it be easily converted to different voltages? - Correct Answer ✅Alternating current reverses direction a certain number of times per second and can be converted to different voltages relatively easily using a transformer Electronics is a branch of? - Correct Answer ✅science and physics that studies the delivery, behaviour and reaction of electrons, using several components to do this in different ways. This control of electrons is accomplished by? - Correct Answer ✅devices that resist, carry, select, steer, switch, store, manipulate, and exploit the electron. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 A capacitor consists of what? - Correct Answer ✅Two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called what? What is it and what are some examples of it? - Correct Answer ✅the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion chemically identical to the conductors. A capacitor is assumed to be what? - Correct Answer ✅self-contained and isolated, with no net electric charge and no influence from any external electric field. The conductors thus hold equal and opposite charges on their facing surfaces, and the dielectric develops an electric field. Capacitors are commonly used in electronic devices to what? - Correct Answer ✅maintain power supply while batteries are being changed. (This prevents loss of information in volatile memory.) What is a Ceramic? - Correct Answer ✅Small, cheap discoidal ceramic capacitors have existed since the 1930s, and remain in widespread use. Since the 1980s, surface mount packages for capacitors have been widely used. These packages are extremely small and lack connecting Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 leads, allowing them to be soldered directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards. Surface mount components avoid undesirable high-frequency effects due to the leads and simplify automated assembly, although manual handling is made difficult due to their small size. What is a Electrolytic? - Correct Answer ✅Electrolytic capacitors have a metallic anode covered with an oxidized layer used as dielectric. The second electrode is a non-solid (wet) or solid electrolyte. Electrolytic capacitors are polarized. Three families are available, categorized according to their dielectric. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors with aluminum oxide as dielectric Tantalum electrolytic capacitors with tantalum pentoxide as dielectric Niobium electrolytic capacitors with niobium pentoxide as dielectric. What are Film capacitors? - Correct Answer ✅non-polarized capacitors with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric. The dielectric films are drawn to a thin layer, provided with metallic electrodes and wound into a cylindrical winding. The electrodes of film capacitors may be metallized aluminum or zinc, applied on one or both sides of the plastic film, resulting in metallized film capacitors or a separate metallic foil overlying the film, called film/foil capacitors. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 What is the Op Amp and what is it used for? - Correct Answer ✅• The "Op Amp" is one of the most valuable and versatile integrated circuits to ever be developed (very fast) • Designed as a comparator for math equations • They are pre-built amplifier modules that are general enough to be plugged in almost anywhere an amplifier is needed. • The advantage is that a small Op-Amp can often replace 20 or more discreet components. • For people who like to build effects, mixers or other custom audio gear, they are a quick way to put together a quality functional amplifier stage. What is inside the Op Amp? - Correct Answer ✅The Op Amp is basically three or stages. • the input differential stage(comparator) • the gain stage (adding supply Voltage) • the output stage Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 What does Limiting Gain use? - Correct Answer ✅Uses a "negative feedback loop" Positive feedback loops enhance or amplify changes; this tends to move a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable. Negative feedbacks tend to dampen or buffer changes; this tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable. The op amp is designed to keep the inputs at what? What happens if you put resistance in the comparison path(feedback loop)? - Correct Answer ✅at the same voltage. ,the op amp will produce gain until it matches the 2 inputs, therefore forcing a gained up signal out of the output pin. With enough resistance or a pin to ground on the inverted phase will force this impossible and keep adding gain until it reaches supply voltage limit. With enough resistance we can force gain, only limited by supply voltage, essentially infinite. how does a Vacuum Tube work? - Correct Answer ✅In a vacuum tube, electrons are supplied by a piece of metal, called a cathode, which is heated by an electric current. Within limits, the hotter the cathode the greater the number of electrons it will give off or emit. To increase the number of electrons emitted, the cathode is usually coated with special chemical compounds. If the emitted electrons are not drawn away by an external field, they form about the cathode into a negatively charged cloud called the space charge. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 There are many different types of vacuum tubes, most of which fall into four general types, they are? - Correct Answer ✅(1) The diode, (2) the triode, (3) the tetrode, and (4) the pentode. What are all these different vacuum tubes types usually used for? - Correct Answer ✅the diode is used almost exclusively for changing ac current to dc current. Pentodes and triodes, known for their valve sound, still continue to be used in certain high-end and professional audio applications, as well as in microphone preamplifiers and electric guitar amplifiers. What is Thermionic Emission? - Correct Answer ✅the thermally induced flow of charge carriers from a surface or over a potential-energy barrier. This occurs because the thermal energy given to the carrier overcomes the work function of the material. The charge carriers can be electrons or ions, and in older literature are sometimes referred to as "thermions". What are some Applications for Vacuum Tubes? - Correct Answer ✅Military used tubes because they are less susceptible than IC to EM pulses of nuclear explosions High tech test equipt. Avionics Radio Television Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 Variable Resitor Thermister Light Dependant Resistor Switch Lamp Motor Diode Alternating Current Source Inductor Logic Chip Fuse Generator Heater or Element Transformer LED Transistor What is the definition of effects(electronics)? - Correct Answer ✅An effects unit is an electronic device that alters how a musical instrument or other audio source sounds. Some effects subtly "color" a sound, while others transform it dramatically. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 An effect is a circuit that treats the audio in some way, then adds it back to a dry or untreated (dry) version of the sound. Echo and reverb are obvious cases, and you can use pitch-shift and pitch modulation in a similar way. Processors on the other hand, are those devices that change the entire signal and don't add in any of the dry signal. Things like EQ's and Comps fall into this category Processors can often be used as effects in their own right, or as part of an effect chain What are some practical uses of effects or units? - Correct Answer ✅Musicians use effects units during live performances or in the studio, typically with electric guitar, keyboard, or bass. While most frequently used with electric or electronic instruments, effects can also be used with acoustic instruments, drums and vocals Effects are vital engineer tools at "mix down" or during a live performance. Pedal versions allow the musician to control their own effect List some Effects units - Correct Answer ✅Distortion Reverb Fuzz Delay Chorus Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 Octave Phaser and Tremelo Overdrive Why is a "breadboard" called a breadboard? - Correct Answer ✅when electronics were big and bulky, people would grab their mom's breadboard, a few nails or thumbtacks, and start connecting wires onto the board to give themselves a platform on which to build their circuits. jokes Why Use Breadboards? - Correct Answer ✅An electronics breadboard is actually referring to a solder less test board. These are great units for making temporary circuits and prototyping. Prototyping is the process of building and testing out an idea by creating a model It is one of the most common uses for breadboards. If you aren't sure how a circuit will react under a given set of parameters, it's best to build a prototype and test it out. Breadboards are often the best place to start when you have an idea for a circuit. That is the real convenience of breadboards,they can house both the simplest circuit as well the most complex. If your circuit outgrows its current breadboard, others can be be attached to accommodate expansions. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 EMC or electromagnetic compatibility occurs when any of these three elements are missing. Bottom line, EM Interference is undesirable. Sources of Electromagnetic Noise - Correct Answer ✅Any unwanted signal is considered electrical noise. Major sources: 1. Fluorescent and neon lights. 2. Switched motors, HVAC systems. 3. Automobile ignitions. 4. High and low level AC power lines. 5. Computers. Minor sources: 1. Thermal noise of dissimilar metals. 2. Thermal noise of resistors. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 3. Bad solder joints in circuits. In audio, the most common sources of EMI are? - Correct Answer ✅1. 60 cycle hum from AC power. 2. Broadband electrical noise from AC power lines. 3. Radiated electromagnetic waves (RF) and inter cable crosstalk. EMI manifests in audio as: 1. Hum 2. Gurgles 3. Buzzes 4. Chirps 5. Whistles 6. Interference of voice signal Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 examples of EMI manifests in audio are? - Correct Answer ✅1. Hum 2. Gurgles 3. Buzzes 4. Chirps 5. Whistles 6. Interference of voice signal Clean AC power noise is? - Correct Answer ✅60 cycle hum. Sometimes its harmonics may be present (120 or 180 Hz) at lower levels. Motors and electric dimmers can add what? - Correct Answer ✅spikes and oscillations on the line resulting in broadband noise. What is Thermal noise? - Correct Answer ✅Random electron motion in uniform distribution. Causes white noise. Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 Transformers or electronic input devices utilize common mode rejection ratios (CMRR) which reduce the amount of common mode noise by the ratio amount. (Very high percentage of removal). Differential modes are not subject to removal. Noise that is radio, TV, radar (electromagnetically induced) into the wire tend to be common mode. Signal that is generated by powered devices (electric fields) tends to be differential mode. Differences in impedance to ground of either side of a balanced line will tend to convert common mode signal into differential mode.This coul what is Combating Common Impedance Transmission? - Correct Answer ✅In order to truly create a star or technical ground system, a separate ground stake is used isolating the ground of one circuit from another. What is Electric Field Coupling? - Correct Answer ✅This type of coupling occurs as a capacitance voltage between the source and victim wire. This happens when an audio line is parallel with an AC line. To regulate this type of problem, separating the wires by even as much as a few centimeters can help. It is best to keep high voltage AC lines separate form audio lines. It is also good to keep high level audio lines (speaker wire) separated from balanced audio lines to prevent electric field coupling Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 what is Magnetic Field Coupling? - Correct Answer ✅This type of noise is due to the mutual inductance of the source and the receiver. This usually occurs in audio circuits when a wire is coiled up, creating a magnetic field and inducing noise in adjacent wires. It can also manifest if the two wires create a loop together. The easiest way to combat this is to twist the wires together thus nullifying a loop. What is Electromagnetic Radiation? - Correct Answer ✅All previous types of transmitted noise are in the near field. This is the only far field type transmitted noise. Radio, television and radar create electromagnetic noise. Usually these signals are too weak to be of harm to audio circuits. They are only a problem when a cable or circuit fails to ground its signal properly. What are 6 techniques used to reduce EMI? - Correct Answer ✅1. Shielding (high and low frequencies) 2. Grounding and bonding 3. Balancing and twisting Principle of Electricity & electronics Question And Answers 2023 4. Separation and routing 5. Isolation 6. Other techniques what is impedance? - Correct Answer ✅Impedance is essentially a measure of the load that a circuit places on an amplifier. The deciding factor of this load comes from the impedance rating of the speaker or speakers. If the impedance level of the circuit falls below that impedance rating of the amplifier, the amplifier will likely go into protect mode.