Chemical Combustion Reactions: Balancing Equations & Understanding Products, Lecture notes of Chemistry

Download Chemical Combustion Reactions: Balancing Equations & Understanding Products and more Lecture notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Science 30 Unit B: Chemistry Lesson 1 - Products of Combustion Reactions 84 mins Products of Combustion Reactions combustion​: a chemical reaction that occurs in the presence of oxygen and results in the release of energy cellular respiration​: the process by which cells convert the chemical energy stored in organic molecules (sugars) into energy that cells can use hydrocarbon​: an organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms fuel​: a substance that releases energy when involved in a chemical reaction (often combustion) or a nuclear reaction emission​: a substance discharged into the atmosphere or into surface water C​x​H​y​ + O​2(g)​ → CO​2(g)​ + H​2​O​(g) C​6​H​12​O​6(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → CO​2(g)​ + H​2​O​(g) Balancing Combustion Reactions (Really… any chemical reaction) 1) Write the unbalanced equation 2) Balance the first Element on both sides 3) Balance the Second Element on both sides 4) Continue till done… leave oxygen til last a) If you can’t balance oxygen with a whole number then DOUBLE EVERYTHING you’ve done, then try again C​2​H​6(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → CO​2(g)​ + H​2​O​(g) C​2​H​6(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → ​(2) ​CO​2(g)​ + H​2​O​(g) C​2​H​6(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → ​(2) ​CO​2(g)​ + ​(3)​ H​2​O​(g) C​2​H​6(g)​ +​ ??? ​O​2(g)​ → ​(2) ​CO​2(g)​ + ​(3)​ H​2​O​(g) (2)​ C​2​H​6(g)​ + ​(7)​ O​2(g)​ → ​(4) ​CO​2(g)​ + ​(6)​ H​2​O​(g) (You will generally end with at least ONE odd number as a coefficient) Carbon Cycle Carbon Sink and Carbon Sequestering Carbon Sink - CO​2​ being transformed and stored in a new substance - CO​2 ​in the ocean becomes carbolic acid - CO​2​ is picked up by plants and converted into sugars Carbon Sequestering - Injecting CO​2​ into the earth to store it Other Forms of Combustion Incomplete Combustion of Carbons - Produces CO​(g)​ instead of CO​2(g) Combustion of Sulphurs - Production of SO​2​ and SO​3​ from the combustions of sulphur Combustion of Nitrogens - Production of NO​x​ from the combustions of sulphur - Happens at higher temperatures (650​o​C) Combustion of Metals - Trace amounts of Mercury and Lead can be released when coal and other hydrocarbons are burned Production of Soot and Particulates - Causes breathing problems 2 CH​4(g)​ + 3 O​2(g)​ → 2 CO​(g)​ + 4 H​2​O​(g) H​2​S​(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → SO​2(g)​ + H​2​O​(g)​ (combustion of Sour Gas) SO​2(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → SO​3(g) N​2(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → 2 NO​(g) 2 NO​(g)​ + O​2(g)​ → 2 NO​2(g) Sources of SO​2​ and NO​x Natural - Hot springs - Volcanic outgasing Natural Forest Fires Man Made emissions from: ● coal-fired power plants ● pulp and paper mills ● refining crude oil ● refining oil sands ● refining metals and smelting ● automobiles Man Made emissions from: ● fossil fuel power plants ● industrial and domestic furnaces ● production of fertilizers ● burning of crops ● automobiles