Project Report for Computer Science, Exams of Computer Science

Download Project Report for Computer Science and more Exams Computer Science in PDF only on Docsity! MCS-052 solved assignment july 2017- january 2018 session 1. What is ERP? Explain different components of an ERP system. Compare ERP with other similar software solution. Answer:- Enterprise Resource Planning System(ERP), just by considering name we can simply define ERP as System or software that used to manage all the resources of whole enterprise. Right from employee payments to single screw coming into the enterprise , everything can be managed & tracked by using ERP Systems. ERP is a cross functional software that supports all the business processes within the organization. In organization , ERP helps to manage business processes of various departments & functions through centralized application. We can make all the major decisions by screening the information provided by ERP. There are many vendors in market which are providing traditional ERP solutions or Cloud based ERP solutions. Though implementation platforms or technologies are different, there are common & basic modules of ERP which can be found in any ERP System. Depending on organizations need required components are integrated & customized ERP system is formed. All the below mentioned modules can be found in any ERP system: = Human Resource = Inventory = Sales & Marketing = Purchase N = Finance & Accounting = Customer Relationship Management(CRM) = Engineering/ Production = Supply Chain Management (SCM) at Pal 4 /Production ater late eg Accounting Each component mentioned above is specialized to handle defined business processes of organization. Let us go through the introduction of the various modules. Human Resource Module(HR): Human Resource module helps to HR team for efficient management of human resources. HR module helps to manage employee information, track employee records like performance reviews, designations, job descriptions, skill matrix, time & attendance tracking. One of the important sub module in HR module is Payroll System which helps to manage salaries, payment repots etc. It can also includes Travel Expenses & Reimbursement tracking. Employee Training tracking can also managed by ERP. ‘Inventory Module: Inventory module can be used to track the stock of items. Items can be identified by unique serial numbers. Using that unique numbers inventory system can keep track of item and trace its current location in organization. e.g. you have purchased 100 hard disk , so using inventory system you can track how many hard disks are installed , where they are installed, how many hard disks are remaining etc. Inventory module includes functionalities like inventory control, master units , stock utilization reporting etc. There may be integration of inventory module with purchase module of ERP. Sales Module : Financial Management With PPM, the Office of Finance can improve their accuracy for estimating and managing the financial resources of a project or group of projects. In addition, the value of projects can be demonstrated in relation to the strategic objectives and priorities of the organization through financial controls and to assess progress through earned value and other project financial techniques. Risk Management An analysis of the risk sensitivities residing within each project, as the basis for determining confidence levels across the portfolio. The integration of cost and schedule risk management with techniques for determining contingency and risk response plans, enable organizations to gain an objective view of project uncertainties. — Q.3 Discuss why management needs information? Is it possible for the management of, an organization to make effective decision without the aid of an information system?, Answer 3:- To facilitate the management decision making at all levels of, companyythe MIS must be integrated. MIS units are companywide. MIS is available for the*Lop management. The top management of company should play an active role in designing,.modifying and maintenance of the total organiza tion wide management informatiomysystem. Information system and Information technology have become a vital component of any successful business and are regarded as major functional areas just like anyyotherfunctional area of a business organization like marketing, finance, production and\HR.<Phus it is important to understand the area of information system just like any.otherfUnctional area in the business. MIS is important because all businesses have a need forsinformation about the tasks which are to be performed. Information and,technology, is used as a tool for solving problems and providing opportunities for increasing productivity and quality. Information has always been important but it has never been soavailablé, so current and so overwhelming. Efforts have been made for collection and retfieval, of information, However, challenges still remain in the selection analy: interpretation of the information that will further improve decision making and productivity. and MIS for a Business Organization : a. Support the Business Process : Treats inputs as a request from the customer and outputs as services to customer. Supports current operations and use the system to influence further way of working. b. Support Operation of a Business Organization : MIS supports operations of a business organization by giving timely information, maintenance and enhancement which provides flexibility in the operation of an organizations. c. To Support Decision Making : MIS supports the decision making by employee in their daily operations. MIS also supports managers in decision making to meet the goals and objectives of the organization. Different mathematical models and IT tools are used for the purpose evolving strategies to meet competitive needs. d. Strategies for an Organization : Today each business is running in a competitive market. MIS supports the organization to evolve appropriate strategies for the business to assented in a competitive environment. The objective of an MIS (Management Information System) is to provide information for decision making on planning, initiating, organizing, and controlling the operations of the subsystems of the form and to provide a synergetic organization in the process. Decision Support’System: It is sometimes described as the next evolutionary step after Management Information’ Systems (MIS) . MIS support decision making in both structured and unstructured probleny environments.. It supports decision making at all levels of the organization.IS (Information Systems) are intended to be woven into the fabric of the organizations», not.standing alone. IS support all aspects of the decision making process. MIS are made ofypeople, computers, procedures, databases, interactive query facilities and so on. They*are intended to be evolutionary/adaptive and easy for people to use. The human intelligeri¢e is closely related with the human experience and decision making skills which is strongly backed by information's. Now a day's in every field of human working right information issconsidered as the most important resource of good decision making. Every organization runs by the managers of organization, who are making decisions in every step of Organizational activities. Due to the importance of information in decision making a separate field has emerged to serve the appropriate information's to managers for effective and good decision making purpose. Serving the suitable information use to pass through a process called management information system as the information is using to make management decisions. Management Information System sounds very much related with technology yes now it is absolutely true but manual procedures of delivering information's to the managers is also available in backdated organizations of the world. Basically the technology based information system is not very old. In past organizations used to use traditional management information system. The main purpose of management information system is to ensure the flow of appropriate information to the appropriate people of organization as well as parties related with organization. So that they can (Internal and external decision makers) can make good decisions for running the organization. The entire process objective is to provide complete, timely, reliable and quality information's to the decision makers. Todays managers depend on information systems for decision making. The managers have handful of data around them but manually they cannot process the data accurately and with in the short period of time available to them due to heavy competition in modern world. Therefore mangers depend on information systems. «xy 4. How are databases used in e-business? How does e-busin aio different locations within the production chain? Answer 4:- Databases are integral to the success of: siness. ne enable you to store, analyze and manage essential information about cts, your sales and your customers so you can quickly and easily respond to arket conditions. You can also share information in the database with Ke ics partners to improve the efficiency of your e-business operations. Product Information You can use your e-business database to hold and update information on your products, including detailed product descriptions and specifications, product reference numbers, prices, promotional offers and availability. You also can include details of the supplier for each product that you stock. By updating the information in the database, rather than changing and publishing individual website pages, you can save time and ensure your website always shows visitors the latest information. Customer Information on the operational database systems, such as, for example, a transaction reflecting a withdrawal from a checking account or a transaction creating an airline reservation. In fact an often-used technical term for an operational database is the “OLTP system”. OLAP refers to the general activity of querying and presenting text and number data from data warehouses and/or data marts for analytical purposes. While OLTP is used in conjunction with traditional databases for operational (day-to-day) purposes, OLAP works (as is described in the next section) with the data from data warehouses and data marts. Another difference between OLAP and OLTP is that the process of OLTP includes “updating, querying and presenting” whereas OLAP includes;only “querying and presenting”. While OLTP systems routinely perform transactions that update, modify and delete data from databases, OLAP tools are “read only”. They are used exclusively-for the retrieval of data (from analytical repositories) to be used in the decision. making process. Users of OLAP tools can quickly read and 2 interpret data that is gathered and structured specifically for analysis, and subsequently make fact-based decisions. Both OLTP and OLAP pre-date the Intemet era. The expression “Online”, used by both of these terms, is not associated with the Internet or the World Wide Web. Instead, the term “Online” in these two acronyms simply refers to a type of computer processing in which the computer responds immediately (or at least very quickly) to user requests. In today’s world, we are accustomed to the fact that the computers perform processing, updating and retrieving of data instantaneously. However, at the time the term OLTP was created, many of the computers still used devices such as magnetic tapes and punch-cards readers. The expression “Online” was used to underscore the immediacy of the results, where databases systems used a direct access type of storage (such as a hard drive) instead of a sequential access storage device (such as a magnetic tape). Before the specific OLAP functions and platforms are presented, it is important to ones te x data connection between the OLAP systems and the data repositories designed oe 6 analysis (i.e. data warehouses and data marts.) The next section gives a brief ev data warehouses and data marts as they pertain to OLAP. Followin; across most OLAP applications meat te database models used by OLAP are then discussed. Next, wellknown oe basic OLAP functionalities common * variations o1 Oh. are covered. Finally, a summary concludes the chapter by overall value of OLAP. we. Data Warehouses and Data Marts A typical organization maintains and utilizes a number of operational data sources. These operational data sources include the databases and other data repositories which are used to support the organization’s dayto-day operations. A data warehouse is created within an organization as a separate data store whose primary purpose is data analysis for the support of management's decision making processes (Inmon, 2002). Often, the same fact can have both operational and analytical purposes. For example, data 3 describing that customer X bought product Y in store Z can be stored in an operational data store for business-process support purposes, such as inventory monitoring or financial transaction record keeping. That same fact can also be stored in a data warehouse where, combined with vast numbers of similar facts accumulated over a time period, it is used to analyze important trends, such as sales patterns or customer behavior. Why store any fact in two places? There are two main reasons that necessitate x c aoe data warehouses as a separate analytical data store. The first reason is \ xe (speed) of queries. Operational queries are mostly short and fast, NS QO; are complex and consume significant to amount of time. The performance ee queries can be severely diminished if they have compete for <r ces with analytical queries. The second reason lies in the fact that, even if N° is not an eried) ina ssue, it is often impossible to structure a database which can be used straightforward manner for both operational and analytical purposes. Therefore, a data warehouse is created as a separate data store, designed for accommodating analytical queries. A typical data warehouse periodically retrieves selected analytically-useful data from the operational data sources. For any data Data masking of structured data is the process of obscuring (masking) specific data within a database table or cell to ensure that data security is maintained and sensitive information is not exposed to unauthorized personnel. This may include masking the data from users (for example so banking customer representatives can only see the last 4 digits of a customers national identity number), developers (who need real production data to test new software releases but should not be able to see sensitive financial data), outsourcing vendors, etc. Data erasure Data erasure is a method of software-based overwriting that completely destroys all electronic data residing on a hard drive or other digital media to ensure that no sensitive data is leaked when an asset is retired or reused... Data Leakage Prevention Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) is a strategy for making sure that end users do not send sensitive or critical information outside the corporate network. The term is also used to describe software products that help a network administrator control what data end users can transfer. There are several DLP solutions on the market today, such as Symantec DLP, DeviceLock DLP, McAfee Total Protection for Data Loss Prevention, etc. 8. What is total cost of ownership (TCO)? What are the different cost factors for computation of the TCO of any system? Explain. Answer 8:- Total cost of ownership (TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyers and owners determine the direct and indirect costs, of,a product or system. It is a management accounting concept that can be used in full costsaceounting or even ecological economics where it includes social costs. For manufacturing,.as TCO%s typically compared with doing business overseas, it goes beyond the initial manufacturing cycle time and cost to make parts. TCO includes a variety of cost of doing business ‘items, for example, ship and re-ship, and opportunity costs, while it also considers incentives developed for an alternative approach. Incentives and other variables include tax credits, common language, expedited delivery, and customer-oriented supplier vis TCO, when incorporated in any financial benefit analysis, provides a cost basis for determining the total economic value of an investment. Examples include: return on investment, internal rate of return, economic value added, return on information technology, and rapid economic justification. A TCO analysis includes total cost of acquisition and operating costs as well costs related to replacement or upgrades at the end of the life cycle. A TCO analysis is used to gauge the viability of any capital investment. An enterprise may use it as a product/process comparison tool. It is also used by credit markets and financing agencies. TCO directly relates to an enterprise's asset and/or related systems total costs across all projects and processes, thus giving a picture of the profitability over time. Computer and software industries etc TCO analysis was popularized by the Gartner Group in 1987.The roots of this concept date at least back to the first quarter of the twentieth century.[2] Many different methodologies and software tools have been developed to analyze TCO in various operational contexts. TCO is applied to the analysis of information technology products, seeking to quantify financial impact of deploying a product over its life cycle. These technologies .¢ Cy and hardware, and training. x. The TCO concept is easily applicable to the ii industry. For example, the TCO m s Transportation industry defines the cost of owning an automobile! e of purchase by the owner, through its operation and maintenance to the ti te the possession of the owner. Comparative TCO studies between various AO I umers choose a car to fit their needs and budget. on wi? i