pronouns(all pronouns), Slides of English Language

Download pronouns(all pronouns) and more Slides English Language in PDF only on Docsity! Unit 2 PRONOUNS What are Pronouns? • a pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that may be substituted for a noun or noun phrase. • The replaced noun or noun phrase is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. • How is this possible? In a nutshell, it’s because pronouns can do everything that nouns can do. Nominative Case Personal Pronouns Use nominative case when the personal pronoun is the subject of a verb. When a personal pronoun takes the place of a noun as the subject of a sentence, it is both a personal pronoun and a subject pronoun. What is a subject pronoun? In essence, it’s any pronoun that is used to replace a common or proper noun as a sentence’s subject. Examples: • He sends e-mail messages to a customer in Spain. • I use the telephone frequently, but she prefers to use e-mail. • You can send an e-mail message to many people at once. • It is inexpensive to use e-mail for communication • You need to stop lying. Nominative Case Personal Pronouns The person – Who is speaking? The number – Is the pronoun plural or singular? The gender – Is the pronoun feminine (she), masculine, or neuter? Singular Plural 1st Person I We 2nd Person You You 3rd Person She, He, It They Objective Case Personal Pronouns Use the objective case of personal pronouns when the pronouns are direct or indirect objects of verbs or when it is the object of a preposition What is an object pronoun? It’s any pronoun that is affected by the action the subject of the sentence takes. Singular Plural 1st Person Me Us 2nd Person You You 3rd Person Her, Him, It Them Compound Personal Pronouns  Compound personal pronouns consist of a personal pronoun and the suffix self or selves. A compound personal pronoun is used to add emphasis or to refer to a previously named noun or pronoun. Singular Plural 1st Person Myself Ourselves 2nd Person Yourself Yourselves 3rd Person Herself, Himself, Itself Themselves Compound Personal Pronouns  Use the intensive compound personal pronoun to add emphasis to a noun or to another pronoun. • John himself assured us the mail will be delivered. • I myself use Snapchat every day. Use the reflexive compound pronoun to refer to a noun or pronoun that is used as the subject of a sentence. • Mary gave herself a much needed vacation. • The employees taught themselves the new e-mail system. The words hisself, ourselfs, theirself, theirselves, yourselfs, or themselfs are not standard English words !!!! Possessive Pronouns Possessive pronouns are those designating possession or ownership. They may also be used as substitutes for noun phrases, and they are typically found at the end of a sentence or clause. Singular Plural 1st Person My, Mine Our, Ours 2nd Person You, Yours Your, Yours 3rd Person Her/Hers, His, Its Their, Theirs Indefinite Pronouns Indefinite pronouns are those referring to one or more unspecified objects, beings, or places. They are called “indefinite” simply because they do not indicate the exact object, being, or place to which they refer. Singular Indefinite Pronouns another, anybody, anyone, anything, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, somebody, someone, something, each, much, one Plural Indefinite Pronouns Both, few, many, several Indefinite Pronouns Singular Or Plural all, any, most, none, some Interrogative Pronouns Interrogative pronouns are used to form direct and indirect questions. Use a question mark at the end of a direct question and a period after an indirect question. Who, what, whose, which, whom, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever Examples: What do you want for dinner? Which color do you prefer? Who was driving the car? Whom do you prefer to vote for? Whose sweater is this? Relative Pronouns A relative pronoun is a pronoun that introduces a relative clause. It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that it modifies. • There are five relative pronouns: • Who , Whom = People • Whose = Possession • Which = Things • That = people, and things and as subject and object in defining relative clauses • The person who phoned me last night is my teacher. • The car which hit me was yellow. • The person whom I phoned last night is my teacher. • The car, whose driver jumped out just before the accident, was completely destroyed