Pros and Cons III-Report Writing Skills-Report Sample, Study Guides, Projects, Research of Effective Business Report Writing

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Contents Introduction to A.I. ....................................................................................................... 3  HISTORY AND BACKGROUND .............................................................................. 4    The A.I. technology .......................................................................................... 4    Human interest .................................................................................................. 4  HOW ENTHUSIASTIC ARE WE? ............................................................................. 5  MERITS OF A.I. .......................................................................................................... 6  INVENTIONS FEATURING A.I. ........................................................................... 7  Robots using A.I.: ................................................................................................. 7  Stealth aircraft: ...................................................................................................... 8  Smart cars: ............................................................................................................ 9  Medical technology: .............................................................................................. 9  IS IT REALLY AS GOOD AS IT SEEMS ............................................................. 10  DEMERITS OF A.I. TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................... 11  Deaths due to human error ...................................................................................... 11  Dwindling humanity: .............................................................................................. 11  IS OUR FUTURE AT RISK? ..................................................................................... 12    Scientific growth ............................................................................................. 12  Better gadgets...................................................................................................... 12  Time conserver.................................................................................................... 12  Lazy, machine reliant generations .......................................................................... 12  Lop-sided human intelligence ................................................................................. 13  PEOPLE’S VIEW ON A.I. ......................................................................................... 13  Does it even matter?!!! ............................................................................................ 13  A.I. as controversial as human cloning ................................................................... 14  DEVELOPMENTS AND USAGE ............................................................................. 15  CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 15  CONSTANT VIGILANCE REQUIRED ............................................................... 16  docsity.com 2    Appendix A: ................................................................................................................ 17  GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF THE SURVEY ............................................................. 20  Glossary ..................................................................................................................... 21    docsity.com 5    man has evolved and the process produced many effective results not to mention controversial. Recently, man has found a new toy of his interest-the A.I. technology. He intends to make the computers think, act and even feel like humans do. He is trying to achieve it through conducting a thorough research on neurons and bootlegging its pattern of working with the help of huge, fast and expensive computers. It is a very high-priced field of studies and provides bread and butter to many families. The affect of the research are said to be either minimum or all hushed up. On the contrary, the “numerous” benefits are highlighted. The technologists refuse to hear any explanation negating the conduciveness of the matter at hand. Many movies are made about the robots doing astounding work to elate the aura of recompenses we will have owing to the new technology. But then again, there are others that feature the flaws in the robotics or A.I. technology and hence, show robots succumb to the truth of being a robot and in the end do miserably. HOW ENTHUSIASTIC ARE WE? One question, of the many we floated in our questionnaire, was that the statement “we are enthusiastic to make computers do our work and thinking is true and hence portrays the actual picture or false and is nothing but an imposition”. The positive answers we got exceeded the negative ones by a difference of 16% thus showing that we are keen about it but not as much as we are intended to be. Following is the graphical representation of the results evaluated: docsity.com 6    We all find it to be a worthy technology as long as its harms are met and dealt with. Yes, the uses and advantages are multiple but if they are achieved at the cost of trouncing of peace of mind then the answer to it would definitely be the converse of what is being projected. MERITS OF A.I. The numerous inventions that feature the A.I. technology have made life easier for many. In fact it has provided the basis for further accessibility and knowledge for humans. The use of robots for instance, in the deep oceans has enabled oceanography to enhance its study horizons and device new methodologies in accordance with the problems. The artificially intelligent robots also serve in army, medicine, space and different other vast areas of studies. The big plan is to not to confine the usage for commercial purpose alone but actually make it conducive for home usage as personal companions and entertainment. It would not be long when mini robotic students will be docsity.com 7    attending lectures instead of humans. Nearly 47% people called it a dream come true when asked about. Though there were a few who believed otherwise, yet called themselves pro A.I., it would only be a matter of time when this contemporary day arrives. Following are a few areas of studies where A.I. has shown its benefits: INVENTIONS FEATURING A.I. Robots using A.I.: The robotics comes under two major categories namely Androids and Cyborgs. Both the inventions are aimed to be more or less human like. ‘Android’ is made of two Greek words ‘andr’ (man) and ‘eides’ (species). In A.I. terms it is known as an artificially created robot that resembles a human in appearance and behavior. Simply put: an android is a robot having artificially intelligent capabilities and resembles a human. Whereas, Cyborgs are a more diverse genre of robots. Cyborgs, another term for Cybernetic Organisms, are constituents of cybernetics and are intended to add or enhance the capabilities of an organism using technology. Androids and Cyborgs together have held man’s fascination for a long time. They have been subjects of various novels, games, and not to mention Hollywood flicks. The most popular examples in this regard are: – R2D2: Star Wars – Various drones and probes in Star Trek – The terminator – Robocop – I Robots, etc Functions and appearance: A real life android has been introduced by Honda; it is named ASIMO and has won fame because of its classy appearance and amazing functional capabilities. It combines A.I. chip with sophisticated software that helps it to think and learn through experience. It can also understand human gestures. It has a binocular vision, can recognise and view 3-D images etc. Its flexible docsity.com 10    technology. Through the means of A.I. many patients have been cured and others are assured of longer lives. IS IT REALLY AS GOOD AS IT SEEMS After discussing all these inventions, one is left with a feeling if things are really as good as they are being projected... the following points pop up in our minds:  Can computers really think?  Human skills vs. computer skills  Can A.I. approach the complexity of true intelligent thought? Yes these computers are smart and even if we assume the entire aura that is being generated as true, still the fact that these “smart-machines” are at the end of the day programmed by human beings who tend to make mistakes. The mistakes made can be of various types from logic to syntax. They can even be prejudiced! We are actually aiming to make the computerized machine do some thing so adverse which can make humans have a run for their lives if so, then how can we expect the extreme view of making the computers to think and feel promising? When we say that we aim to reach human intelligence, do we know that human brain itself is a permanent research area of many scientists? Further more; only 1/3rd of human brain has been unveiled as yet! Can we base an entire field of studies on something that it self is under research??? One fails to understand the rush to rely completely on human made machines more than on human beings themselves. Are we really that eager to grasp this rapid change or do we need to stop and think for a while, conjure up a clear boundary of limitations and then draw a sane conclusion? We now move to that part of our report where we discuss the demerits of the technology in question. docsity.com 11    DEMERITS OF A.I. TECHNOLOGY Deaths due to human error No matter how lucid the technology makes us become by its advantages; the fact, that behind the silver mass lays a fallible human brain, diminishes its aura of perfection. Not that we doubt man and his abilities but the truth of the matter is that humans err. In addition, to run the A.I. technology smoothly, a more definite study of human brain and behaviour is required. This is said due to the fact that the A.I. technology, as mentioned earlier, is based on human thinking pattern. However, the progress in the psychological sciences constantly changes the existing beliefs. Consequently, a hundred percent reliability can not be guaranteed at least not as yet. Having this said, one can ascertain the rate of deaths caused by relying on this partially correct technology. The other half of the technology remains unaccountable and not much is being done to set limits for it. It is due to the fact that human intelligence is still a permanent part of the biological labs that the survey showed a whooping 71% negativity when A.I. reaching absolute human intelligence was questioned. Dwindling humanity: Another cause of concern for mankind is the rule of machines and its effect on deep humane inner feelings. What so little humanity we are left with will become even more rambled due to this rule. This will be so because we would be machine reliant to the extent that we would want the machines to feel for us as well. This, although is being aimed for, can never be achieved perfectly. Hence, more frustrations and fewer sympathies will be raised. And our survey proves exactly so. The answers in the favour of the notion beat the ones against it by a good 11%. docsity.com 12    IS OUR FUTURE AT RISK?  Scientific growth The technology does for certain assure scientific growth. We can say that because every new development helps us get one step closer to uncover the truth of nature. For example, when robots are sent in space we get to know a lot more than when humans are sent. This is so because of the fact that human beings always bring limitations to any project they are assigned to. The limitations can be physical, emotional or psychological. But this is only one of the many examples that contribute to make the A.I. technology worth all the effort in the world. Better gadgets Owing to the Artificial Intelligence the newer generations will get to own very chic and intelligent gadgets that would definitely enhance the appearance of the owner and help him all the way through the extent of its life. This would take us to a more dynamic high-tech era: the dream of any IT freak. Time conserver Through the induction of A.I. technology in our daily lives we will be able to save time and utilise it else where. Currently the time consuming issues of health and public sector’s daily life problems are major conservers of a day. If the AI technology is manifested in our daily routine much of the burden of the work will be taken off mankind. This saved time can then be put into other highly significant tasks that need human brains and skills. Lazy, machine reliant generations To a great extent the future of mankind due to A.I. reaches an alarming concern. Will he be able to control the mechanic generation and have full effectiveness of human resource? Will it all go wasted by making the machines follow the orders? Will we become lazy due to our reliance on machines? The sceptical public opinion in this regard has been 48% more than it went in favour of efficiency due to A.I. When asked if machine reliance will be a good sign, the following statistics were generated: docsity.com 15    amputated in an accident, thanks to the irresponsible behaviour of a fellow human being, got a replaced set of mechanical legs and now he plays football. The person also intends to join the national league! DEVELOPMENTS AND USAGE Innovations hit the market with high hopes and are always greeted with fascination by the general public.  It is credited to this fact that more and more countries are investing in the A.I. technology. A proof in this regard is the ROBO CUP championship also known as FIRA in which tiny robot leagues of different nations play soccer. In 1990s, first ever efforts were made to project A.I.as a more domestic technology then industrial. Mass production was made to enhance its usage in education and leisure activities. Giga pets and even the famous internet search engine Google are an example of these attempts. Banks have found use in this technical development as well. They use A.I. to manage properties as the task is basically repetitive and requires concentration. Such are basically the tasks A.I. is developed for, but the “strong believers”, we previously mentioned, have other motives. A.I. is also functional in hospitals where work schedules are to be made. CONCLUSION Through out his stay on earth man has been reforming himself through innovations. The artificial intelligence is yet another land mark in his journey. It has diverse usages which are fascinating to the extent of becoming a sci-fi docsity.com 16    fairy tale. All this is good for human growth- both mentally and socially. However the consequences should not be ignored. CONSTANT VIGILANCE REQUIRED Advances in this field are taking place exponentially yet they have also led us to ask some very important and debatable questions like: –Is the development of humanoids actually Man’s attempt at playing God? –Will providing more control to a humanoid mean creating a threat to mankind? The answers to these questions are very debatable. Such questions mean that the development must take place with a conscious mind that although machines are to be used in a way that they supplement human intelligence, they should never be considered as its ample replacement. docsity.com 17    Appendix A: PROs AND CONs OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Are things as good as they seem? Name (optional) _________________ Gender: (female/male) Department: ___________________ Occupation: ___________ Artificial Intelligence or A.I. technology, in a nut-shell, is a term that in its broadest sense would indicate the ability of an artefact (object) to perform the same kinds of functions that characterize (resemble) human thought. We are aiming to find out if it is really as harmless and beneficial as it is perceived to be or is it otherwise... Kindly, give us your say on the matter by answering the following questions: (Your answers matter as they will provide us the basis for unveiling the true picture) 1. Do you rely on computerized thinking more than your own?  No  Yes  Both ____________________________________ 2. Is A.I. the first step of many interesting developments to follow?  Yes  No 3. Do you think A.I. is a worthy technology?  Yes, more developments should be made  No, scientists should spend their time on better issues _________________________________     4. Is A.I. similar to human cloning?  No  Yes ___________________________________ docsity.com 20    GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF THE SURVEY Q#1 Q#3 Q#5 Q#6(ii) Q#6(iv) Q#8 other negative positive docsity.com 21    Glossary Jargon Meanings Add-ons: mechanical arms or limbs that can attach to the human body Data mining: identifying a pattern of something e.g. a tuber in the body or a web page through the internet Humanoids: human like robots Syntax: particular programming language Smart machines: machines having artificial intelligence Giga pets: artificially intelligent robotic animals Wearable technology: portable computers docsity.com 22    docsity.com