Download Protists - Application of Biology - Lecture Notes and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BY Ch 20 “Protists” Kingdom Protista includes a wide array of eukaryotic organisms known as protists. Characteristics: 1. Eukaryotes 2. Some reproduce asexually; some sexually; some both 3. Some have cilia or flagella for movement 4. Some are autotrophs some are heterotrophs 5. Some are unicellular and some are multicellular Evolutionary Importance: Major Divisions of Protists: Plant-like protists: Algae Algae are photosynthetic protists. They are classified by their pigment. Green, Red, or Brown (kelp) Algae are used in many foods such as pudding, jelly, jelly beans, ice cream, marshmallow, salad dressing Diatoms Photosynthetic and unicellular. They make shells out of silica. Animal-like Protists: Amoebas Amoebas are one type of protist. Amoebas have no cell wall giving them flexibility. While they do not have flagella, they move through the use of pseudopodia (false foot). Amoebas live in fresh and salt water. They reproduce asexually through fission. The majority are harmless but some such as Entamoeba histolytica are parasites that cause disease, in this case amoebic dysentery. Dinoflagellates Dinoflagellates are unicellular and have 2 flagella to propel them through the water. Some release powerful toxins that are responsible for red tides. Kinetoplastids Unicellular with at least one flagella. The most well known is trypanosomes which cause African Sleeping Sickness. Ciliates Complex and unusual protists. All have cilia used for movement. Ex; paramecium Docsity.com Sporozoans Unicellular, nonmotile, parasitic protists. Sporozoans form spores during their reproductive cycle. They are the source of many harmful diseases. Ex: Plasmodium—Malaria Toxoplasma—toxoplasmosis Cryptosporidium—cryptosporidiosis Fungus-like Protists: Protistan Molds Otherwise known as slime molds. Infect plants. One of which cause the Irish potato famine in 1845-1850 that killed 1 million people. Ecological Importance: BY Ch 21 “Fungi” Domain: Kingdom: Fungi Cell type: Cell Wall: How is energy obtained: Unicellular or multicellular: Structures Fungi have slender filaments called hyphae that compose their body. Hyphae grow and branch and form mycelium which serve to increase the surface area for absorbing nutrients. Nutrients Fungi secrete digestive enzymes to decompose organic matter such as leaves, branches, dead animals, and waste. So essentially they are recyclers. Some fungi such as ringworm as parasitic meaning they absorb nutrients from a living host. Some cause infections: yeast infection, athletes foot, nail infections, some are even life-threatening— Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomycosis, Cryptococcus, Coccidioidomycosis, Toxic mold (Stachybotrys chartarum) Some are valuable: yeast, penicillin Reproduction Docsity.com
