Eating Disorders and Sleep Disorders: Definition, Myths, and Types, Quizzes of Abnormal Psychology

Download Eating Disorders and Sleep Disorders: Definition, Myths, and Types and more Quizzes Abnormal Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 eating disorders DEFINITION 1 disorders characterized by severe disruptions in eating behavior, which affect physical, psychological, and social functioning TERM 2 what are some myths of ED? DEFINITION 2 they are a choice - NO! they are entirely due to sociocultural influences - NO! they are relatively rare - NO! TERM 3 biological and genetic influences drives people to develop? DEFINITION 3 anorexia TERM 4 culturally driven with genetic predisposition leads to people developing? DEFINITION 4 bulimia TERM 5 anorexia nervosa 3 requirements DEFINITION 5 A. restriction of energy intake, significantly low body weight- restriction of food and waterBMI < 17 severe thinBMI < 15 extremely underweightB. intense fear of gaining weight or becoming-not alleviated by weight loss, may increase it-may not acknowledge or recognize their fearC. disturbance in way body weight or shape-believe parts too fat, self-esteem low, globally fat TERM 6 restricting type of anorexia DEFINITION 6 no binge eating or purging TERM 7 binge-eating/purging type of anorexia DEFINITION 7 recurrent binge eating or purging-dietary restriction and binging/purgingwithin 5 years 30-60% turn into this type TERM 8 in partial remission from anorexia DEFINITION 8 full criteria met in the past, no longer low body weight, but fear of fat and disturbance in image still there. TERM 9 in full remission from anorexia DEFINITION 9 full criteria met previously no active symptoms for sustained period of time. TERM 10 what are some effects of anorexia? DEFINITION 10 hair loss (lanugo) lowered resistance to illness fatigues and overall weakness hypersensitivity to heat/unable to stay warm less need for sleep than normal eaters hormone change - amenorrhea severe dehydration - kidney failure if severe - heart trouble, low blood pressure, low stunted growth, and severe bruising crude mortality rate 5% per decade TERM 21 why do people binge eat to relieve stress? DEFINITION 21 biological factors affect of eating is hormones being released to make you feel better. TERM 22 whats different with binge eating and obesity? DEFINITION 22 binge eating are among treatment seeking groupsbinge eating consume more calorieshave greater impairment, lower quality of life, more subjective distress, and psychiatric comorbidity TERM 23 binge eating disorder statistics DEFINITION 23 12 month prevalence among US adults; women = 1.6% men = .8%more common of those are severely obese2x more common in women than menhigher relapse than BN/ANco- morbid with anxiety and depression TERM 24 what 3 things are universally attractive? DEFINITION 24 1. bilateral symmetry2. muscular development (in men)3. appropriate waist to hip ratio (in women) TERM 25 how do women view their body? DEFINITION 25 women rate their body shape as heavier than their ideal and heavier than what they think is attractive TERM 26 how do men view their body? DEFINITION 26 men rate their body shape as close to both their ideal and what they is attractive TERM 27 obesity statistics in today's society DEFINITION 27 national epidemic61% of Americans are overweight26% of Americans are obese1/3 American children are overweight90% of dieters fail to keep the pounds off permanently TERM 28 BMI status DEFINITION 28 BMI < 18.5 underweightBMI = 18.5-24.9 normalBMI = 25.0- 29.5 overweightBMI > 30 obese TERM 29 does BMI work? DEFINITION 29 doesn't look at bone densitybut BMI in obese/morbid categories ARE good at predicting health outcomes TERM 30 what causes obesity? DEFINITION 30 caloric intake exceeds energy output genetic factors (50-80% due to this) metabolic factors fat cells lifestyle factors psychological factors (depression, anxiety, negative affect, lack of self-efficacy TERM 31 who is obesity more prevalent in? DEFINITION 31 poor people of color, especially womenSES, acculturation, and metabolic factors TERM 32 what can be done about obesity? DEFINITION 32 increased access to health education requirements for health education in schools guarantees of universal access to treatment of obesity increased access to healthful foods and recreational opportunities decrease stigma and shame TERM 33 dyssomnias DEFINITION 33 characterized by disturbance in amount, quality, or timing of sleep-insomnia disorder (most common)-hypersomnolence disorder-narcolepsy TERM 34 insomnia DEFINITION 34 1. persistent dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity with 1+ of:-difficulty initiating sleep-difficulty remaining asleep-early morning awakening2. occurs 3+ nights a week for 3+ months3. occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep4. not explained by another sleep-wake disorder, psychological or medical condition, or effects of a substance TERM 35 what is the prevalence of insomnia? DEFINITION 35 1/3 adults experience chronic or persistent insomniamore common in women40-50% have a co-morbid psychological disorder (depression/anxiety) TERM 46 central sleep apnea DEFINITION 46 the airway is not blocked but the brain fails to signal the muscles to breathe "forgets to breathe" - fear is that it wont turn back onA. 5+ apneas or hypopneas per hour of sleepB. not explained by another sleep disorderprevalence is unknown TERM 47 circadian rhythm sleep wake disorders DEFINITION 47 1. characterized by recurrent sleep disruption due to alterations in the circadian system or the sleep-wake schedule2. sleep disruption - excessive sleepiness or insomnia or bothin CRSD rhythm becomes disturbed due to environmental demands TERM 48 what is circadian rhythm? DEFINITION 48 most bodily functions follow a cycle or internal rhythm that last about 24 hoursso in CRSD body gets off this rhythm TERM 49 delayed sleep phase of CRSD DEFINITION 49 late sleep onset and awakening. unable to fall asleep or awaken at desired times (night owl)-not going to sleep until 2AM, 2 hour delay of when they should be asleep - shifts in biological clockfatal accidents happen to teenagers on their way to school because of this TERM 50 advanced sleep phase type DEFINITION 50 advanced sleep onset and awakening. unable to sleep until the desired time.- they can go to sleep when they want but wake up much earlier than needed (problematic) TERM 51 irregular sleep-wake type DEFINITION 51 lack of discernable sleep wake circadian rhythm, sleep is fragmented, broken into 3+ periods a day.-multiple sleep periods throughout the day with max of 4 hours-can only sleep in these chunks- neuro-genetic /neurological disorder TERM 52 non-24 hour sleep-wake type DEFINITION 52 abnormal synchronization between the 24-hour light/dark cycle and the internal circadian rhythm-over half the people are completely sight impaired TERM 53 shift work type DEFINITION 53 insomnia during available sleep period/fatigue during awake period due to night shift or frequent changes in work shifts.- this is the WORST type of sleep disordersif you can get schedule normal, body should return after 2 weeks TERM 54 parasomnias DEFINITION 54 abnormal behavior, experiential (involved or based on observation), physiological events taking place during sleep, specific sleep stages, or sleep wake transitions- non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorder-nightmare disorder- rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder-restless legs syndrome TERM 55 non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders DEFINITION 55 1. recurrent episodes of partial awakening with sleep walking or terrors2. no memory of the dream3. amnesia for the episodes4. episodes - distress/impairment-sleepwalking type: sleep eating, sleep sexual behavior-sleep terror type: panic, screamhappens first 1/3 of sleep TERM 56 sleepwalking type DEFINITION 56 repeated episodes in which the sleeper arises from bed and walks around while remaining fully asleep-blank stare, relative non-responsive to attempts to communicate with or wake them up, may talk or respond to questions- can be sleep eating-can have sexsomniamore common in children than adults 1-5% : 1-7% TERM 57 sleep terror type DEFINITION 57 repeated episodes of terror resulting in abrupt awakening that usually beings with panicky scream.-intense fear and autonomic arousal (tachycardia, rapid breathing, sweating)- unresponsive to others attempts to comfort-confused and disorientedmore common in children than adults, 1-6% children, >1% adultshappens in non-REM sleep TERM 58 nightmare disorder DEFINITION 58 recurrent extended, frightening, and well-remembered dreamsoften awaken sleeper, disrupt sleep, but person awakens fully oriented and alert-consists threats of imminent danger (chased, attacked, injured)occurs during 2nd half of sleep2:1 females to malesincreases from ages 0-13 and continues to increase in women TERM 59 rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder DEFINITION 59 1. recurrent episodes of arousal during sleep associated with vocalizations or complex motor behaviors2. behaviors occur during REM sleep - later portions of night3. awaken fully alert, not confused or disorientedbody is asleep but will move around and do strange things-prevalence is .38-.5% but 30% have narcolepsy TERM 60 restless legs syndrome DEFINITION 60 1. urge to move the legs, uncomfortable or unpleasant sensations in the legs.-begins to worsen during rest/inactivity-partially or totally relieved by movement- worse in the evening or at night2. occurs 3+ nights a week for 3+ monthsinterferes with ability to sleepprevalence: 2- 7.2% of population, worse in women, increases with age TERM 71 negative symptoms DEFINITION 71 deficits in/absence of normal behavior-diminished emotional expression - reduced emotional expression in face, eye contact, intonation, and hand, head, and face movements that support emotional content of speech (flattening)-avolition - decrease in ability to initiate and persist in activities-alogia - relative absence of speech-a-sociality - lack of interest in social interactions-lack of goal driven behavior- not pursuing school, jobs, hobbiescan talk about emotions but all emotional expression is gone TERM 72 what are the stages of schizophrenia? DEFINITION 72 prodromal: milder symptoms present prior to actual "break" active: period of time when hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behaviors are predominant (must be 1+ month) residual: less severe symptoms present after active symptoms remit TERM 73 schizophrenia DEFINITION 73 A. 2+ of following for at least 2 months:- delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech-grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior-negative symptomsB. social/occupational dysfunction - decrease in functioningC. overall duration: 6+ monthsD. no better account for by: mood disorders TERM 74 what is the psychosis related to in schizophrenia? DEFINITION 74 related to the dopamine levels TERM 75 what are positive prognostic indicators of schizophrenia? DEFINITION 75 good premorbid adjustment acute onset later age of onset female gender brief duration of active-phase symptoms identifiable precipitating stressor good inter-episode functioning minmal residual symptoms no family history of schizophrenia TERM 76 schizophreniform disorder DEFINITION 76 identical to schizophrenia except DURATIONpersist for >1 month but <6 months TERM 77 schizoaffective disorder DEFINITION 77 effects more than just schizophrenia - effects moodmood episode symptoms are present during most active and residual portions of the illness TERM 78 brief psychotic disorder DEFINITION 78 at least one of following:-must include either delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech-grossly disorganized or catatonic behaviorlasts 1 day to 1 monthonly one TERM 79 delusional disorder DEFINITION 79 persistence of 1+ delusionfunctioning: outside of the impact of the delusions, is relatively intact and behavior is not bizarre or odd TERM 80 delusional disorder subtypes DEFINITION 80 erotomaniac: believe someone is higher social status inlove with them somatic: delusions involving physical defects, disease, disorder grandiose: inflated sense of self-worth, power, importance, knowledge jealous: delusions of lover's infidelity persecutory: theme of others conspiring against, following, or cheating mixed: delusions that typify more than one type unspecified: dominant delusional belief cannot be clear TERM 81 gender dysphoria DEFINITION 81 distress that may occur due to difference between one's assigned sex and expressed genderonset of 2-4 years oldformerly called transsexualism TERM 82 gender dysphoria diagnosis DEFINITION 82 marked incongruence between experienced/expressed gender and assigned sexgender is not binary TERM 83 gender dysphoria in children DEFINITION 83 must have 6+ of following: strong desire to be or insist they are other gender "cross-dressing" cross-gender roles in play or fantasy play strong preference in toys, games, activities of other sex strong preference for friends of other gender rejection/avoidance of toys, games, activities strong dislike, disturbance, disgust of his/her sexual anatomy strong desire for primary/secondary sex characteristics TERM 84 gender dysphoria in adolescents and adults DEFINITION 84 at least 2+ of symptoms: marked incongruence between one's experienced/expressed gender and primary sex characteristics strong desire to rid of one's sex characteristics strong desire for primary or secondary characteristics strong desire to be of other gender strong desire to be treated as the other gender strong conviction that one has the typical feelings and reactions of the other gender TERM 85 gender dysphoria epidemiology DEFINITION 85 is very biasedvery small number continue to have symptoms - or deny them because of parental and peer influences and changes in sexual orientation (homosexual) TERM 96 paraphilic disorders DEFINITION 96 A. intense sexually arousing fantasies/urges/behaviors involving-nonhuman objects-suffering/humiliation of person- children/non-consenting personsB. specify the negative consequences of the paraphiliamust be at least 16 with 5 years age difference TERM 97 pedophilia DEFINITION 97 obtaining sexual gratification through sexual fantasy and/or contact with children-those focused on females 8-10-those focused on males younger TERM 98 voyeurism DEFINITION 98 obtaining sexual gratification by unobtrusively watching someone undress or engage in sexual activity"peeping tom"almost never try to make sexual contact TERM 99 fetishism DEFINITION 99 sexual arousal, urges, or gratification by nonliving objectsfeet"if it exists theres probably someone loving on it right now" TERM 100 transvestic fetishism DEFINITION 100 obtaining sexual gratification by dressing in clothing of the opposite sex especially undergarmentsnot linked to sexual orientation TERM 101 frotteurism DEFINITION 101 obtaining sexual gratification by touching or rubbing against someone, usually in a crowded placenot trying to engage in sexual contact30% of men have done this TERM 102 exhibitionism DEFINITION 102 obtaining sexual gratification by exposing one's genital to a stranger, usually someone of the opposite sex."flasher"not same place or same people twice TERM 103 sexual sadism DEFINITION 103 obtaining sexual gratification by inflicting pain or humiliation on one's partnerhas person consented and/or cause distress/impairment TERM 104 sexual masochism DEFINITION 104 obtaining sexual gratification by receiving pain or humiliation from one's partnerperson tends to kill themselves accidently TERM 105 other paraphilias DEFINITION 105 scatologia (obscene phone calls) necrophilia (corpses) partialism (exclusive focus on part of body) zoophilia (animals) coprophilia (feces) klismaphilia (enemas) urophilia (urine)