Understanding Abnormal Behavior: Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Disorders, Exams of Nursing

Download Understanding Abnormal Behavior: Anxiety, Depression, and Personality Disorders and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! PSYC3702 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR & MENTAL HEALTH Module 1 Exam Q & A 2024 1. Which of the following best defines abnormal behavior? a) Behaviors that are uncommon or rare in a particular culture b) Behaviors that deviate from societal norms or expectations c) Behaviors that cause distress or impairment in functioning d) All of the above Answer: d) All of the above Rationale: Abnormal behavior is a complex phenomenon that can be defined in multiple ways, including deviation from societal norms, causing distress or impairment, or being uncommon or rare in a particular culture. 2. Which of the following is NOT considered a major category of abnormal behavior? a) Mood disorders b) Anxiety disorders c) Personality disorders d) Normal behavior Answer: d) Normal behavior Rationale: Normal behavior is not considered a major category of abnormal behavior, as abnormal behavior refers to behaviors that deviate from the norm. 3. The biopsychosocial model of abnormal behavior suggests that: a) Abnormal behavior is solely caused by biological factors b) Abnormal behavior is solely caused by psychological factors c) Abnormal behavior is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors d) Abnormal behavior is solely caused by social factors Answer: c) Abnormal behavior is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors Rationale: The biopsychosocial model takes into account the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in the development and expression of abnormal behavior. 4. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of anxiety disorders? a) Excessive worry and fear b) Panic attacks stress disorder (PTSD)? a) Flashbacks or intrusive memories of the traumatic event b) Avoidance of reminders of the traumatic event c) Prolonged and excessive grief and mourning d) Hyperarousal and heightened vigilance Answer: c) Prolonged and excessive grief and mourning Rationale: Prolonged and excessive grief and mourning are not common symptoms of PTSD, but may be indicative of complicated grief or other conditions. 12. The DSM-5 is a diagnostic tool used in psychology to: a) Assess cognitive functioning and intelligence b) Diagnose mental disorders and conditions c) Measure personality traits and characteristics d) Evaluate social and emotional functioning Answer: b) Diagnose mental disorders and conditions Rationale: The DSM-5 is the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, used by mental health professionals to diagnose and classify mental disorders. 13. Which of the following is a key symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)? a) Panic attacks b) Intense fear of specific objects or situations c) Excessive worry and anxiety about multiple aspects of life d) Compulsive rituals and behaviors Answer: c) Excessive worry and anxiety about multiple aspects of life Rationale: Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry and anxiety that is not limited to specific triggers or situations. 14. Cognitive restructuring is a therapeutic technique commonly used in the treatment of: a) Bipolar disorder b) Schizophrenia c) Social anxiety disorder d) Depression Answer: d) Depression Rationale: Cognitive restructuring involves identifying and challenging negative thought patterns and beliefs, and is commonly used in the treatment of depression and anxiety disorders. 15. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? a) Impulsivity b) Hyperactivity c) Social withdrawal d) Inattention Answer: c) Social withdrawal Rationale: Social withdrawal is not a common symptom of ADHD, but may be indicative of other conditions such as social anxiety disorder. 16. Which of the following is a common treatment approach for bipolar disorder? a) Antidepressant medication b) Cognitive-behavioral therapy c) Mood stabilizing medication d) Exposure therapy Answer: c) Mood stabilizing medication Rationale: Bipolar disorder is often treated with mood stabilizing medication such as lithium or lamotrigine. 17. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID)? a) Intense and persistent fear of social situations b) Recurrent episodes of uncontrollable eating c) Presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities d) Persistent and pervasive mistrust of others Answer: c) Presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities Rationale: Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities that control behavior. 18. Which of the following is a common symptom of specific phobia? a) Intense fear of social situations b) Recurrent and intrusive memories of a traumatic event c) Excessive fear of a specific object or situation d) Hallucinations and delusions Answer: c) Excessive fear of a specific object or situation Rationale: Specific phobia is characterized by an intense and irrational fear of a specific object or situation, such as spiders or heights. 19. Which of the following is a key symptom of panic disorder? a) Intense and persistent fear of social situations b) Excessive worry and anxiety about multiple aspects of life c) Recurrent panic attacks with physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and sweating d) Intrusive thoughts and compulsive behaviors Answer: c) Recurrent panic attacks with physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat and sweating Rationale: Panic disorder is characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, accompanied by physical symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, sweating, and trembling. 20. Which of the following is a common treatment approach for eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa? a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy b) Exposure therapy c) Antipsychotic medication d) EMDR (eye movement desensitization and reprocessing) Answer: a) Cognitive-behavioral therapy Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral therapy is a common and effective treatment approach for eating disorders, helping individuals challenge distorted beliefs about body image and food. 21. Which of the following is a key symptom of social anxiety disorder? a) Panic attacks b) Fear of specific objects or situations c) Intense fear of social situations and scrutiny by others d) Compulsive rituals and behaviors Answer: c) Intense fear of social situations and scrutiny by others Rationale: Social anxiety disorder is characterized by intense fear and avoidance of social situations due to a fear of negative evaluation by others. for understanding abnormal behavior. Which of the following is an example of a somatic symptom disorder? a) Panic disorder b) Hypochondriasis c) Generalized anxiety disorder d) Conversion disorder Answer: b) Hypochondriasis Rationale: Somatic symptom disorder, previously known as hypochondriasis, involves excessive preoccupation with and anxiety about one's health, often leading to frequent medical consultations and excessive health-related behaviors. What is the primary characteristic of a dissociative identity disorder? a) Frequent mood swings b) Disruptions of memory, awareness, identity, or perception c) Persistent and excessive fear of a specific object or situation d) Preoccupation with perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance Answer: b) Disruptions of memory, awareness, identity, or perception Rationale: Dissociative identity disorder is characterized by the presence of two or more distinct personality states, accompanied by gaps in memory and disruptions in identity, consciousness, or perception. Which of the following best describes an individual with a specific phobia? a) Experiences sudden, intense episodes of fear without any specific trigger b) Demonstrates avoidance behaviors and intense fear of a specific object or situation c) Engages in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts d) Exhibits a pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships and self- image Answer: b) Demonstrates avoidance behaviors and intense fear of a specific object or situation Rationale: Individuals with specific phobias experience excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects or situations, leading to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. What is the primary characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)? a) Frequent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts or images b) Intense, excessive fear of gaining weight and distorted body image c) Preoccupation with having a serious illness despite medical reassurance d) Engaging in repetitive behaviors to reduce anxiety or prevent a dreaded event Answer: a) Frequent, intrusive, unwanted thoughts or images Rationale: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by the presence of intrusive, unwanted thoughts or images (obsessions) that lead to the performance of repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions) aimed at reducing distress or preventing feared outcomes. Which of the following is a key feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? a) Experiencing panic attacks in response to specific triggers b) Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event c) Excessive preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance d) Intense fear of social or performance situations, leading to avoidance Answer: b) Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event Rationale: Post-traumatic stress disorder involves persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the traumatic event, along with intrusive memories, negative alterations in mood and cognition, and alterations in arousal and reactivity. What is the primary characteristic of major depressive disorder? a) Persistent worry and anxiety about multiple domains of life b) Experiencing mood shifts from extreme highs to extreme lows c) Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities d) Experiencing episodes of intense fear in response to specific triggers Answer: c) Depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities Rationale: Major depressive disorder is characterized by the presence of a depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities, along with other symptoms such as changes in appetite or sleep, fatigue, and feelings of worthlessness or guilt. Which of the following best describes a person experiencing a manic episode? a) Persistent, excessive fear of social or performance situations b) Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy c) Intense, excessive fear of gaining weight and distorted body image d) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts Answer: b) Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased energy Rationale: A manic episode is characterized by a distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, along with increased energy and goal-directed activity. What is the primary characteristic of schizophrenia? a) Intense, excessive fear of gaining weight and distorted body image b) Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and grossly Answer: d) Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, along with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. What is the primary characteristic of a substance use disorder? a) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts b) Experiencing intense, excessive fear of social or performance situations c) Demonstrating a problematic pattern of use of a substance leading to clinically significant impairment or distress d) Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with a traumatic event Answer: c) Demonstrating a problematic pattern of use of a substance leading to clinically significant impairment or distress Rationale: Substance use disorder is characterized by a problematic pattern of use of a substance that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress, encompassing a range of substances including alcohol, opioids, stimulants, and others. Which of the following is a key feature of anorexia nervosa? a) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts b) Experiencing intense, excessive fear of social or performance situations c) Demonstrating a pattern of persistent restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight d) Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with a traumatic event Answer: c) Demonstrating a pattern of persistent restriction of energy intake leading to significantly low body weight Rationale: Anorexia nervosa involves a pattern of persistent restriction of energy intake, leading to significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, and disturbance in the way one's body weight or shape is experienced. What is the primary characteristic of bulimia nervosa? a) Persistent avoidance of social or performance situations due to fear b) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts c) Demonstrating recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors d) Experiencing intense, excessive fear of social or performance situations Answer: c) Demonstrating recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors Rationale: Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating, accompanied by a sense of loss of control, followed by inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives. Which of the following best describes an individual with substance- induced depressive disorder? a) Experiencing persistent, excessive fear of social or performance situations b) Demonstrating a problematic pattern of use of a substance leading to clinically significant impairment or distress c) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts d) Experiencing depressive symptoms as a direct result of substance intoxication or withdrawal Answer: d) Experiencing depressive symptoms as a direct result of substance intoxication or withdrawal Rationale: Substance-induced depressive disorder refers to the presence of depressive symptoms that occur as a direct result of substance intoxication or withdrawal, which can mimic major depressive disorder but are directly attributed to substance use. What is the primary characteristic of delirium? a) Persistent, excessive fear of social or performance situations b) Demonstrating a problematic pattern of use of a substance leading to clinically significant impairment or distress c) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts d) Disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition that develops over a short period of time Answer: d) Disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition that develops over a short period of time Rationale: Delirium is characterized by a disturbance in attention, awareness, and cognition that develops over a short period of time and represents a change from baseline functioning, often occurring in the context of a medical condition or substance intoxication/withdrawal. Which of the following is a key feature of neurocognitive disorder (NCD)? a) Engaging in repetitive behaviors in response to intrusive, unwanted thoughts b) Demonstrating a problematic pattern of use of a substance leading to clinically significant impairment or distress c) Persistent avoidance of social or performance situations due to fear d) Significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains Answer: d) Significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains Rationale: Neurocognitive disorder involves a significant decline in cognitive function from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains, such as memory, attention, language, or executive