PSYCH 2044 Notes Unit 7 | PSYC 2044 - Psychology of Learning, Quizzes of Psychology

Download PSYCH 2044 Notes Unit 7 | PSYC 2044 - Psychology of Learning and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Schedule of Behavior DEFINITION 1 rule describing the delivery of reinforcement. indicates what exactly has to be done for the reinforcer to be delivered. different response requirements can have dramatically different effects on behavior TERM 2 Continuous Reinforcement Schedule (CRF) DEFINITION 2 each specified response is reinforced is very useful when a behavior is first being shaped or strengthened leads to a rapid increase in the rate of behavior rare in nature TERM 3 Intermittent Reinforcement Schedule DEFINITION 3 only some response are reinforced, this obviously characterizes much of everyday life. 4 basic types: fixed ration, variable ratio, fixed interval, variable interval TERM 4 Fixed Ratio Schedules DEFINITION 4 reinforcement is contingent upon a fixed, predictable number of responses. TERM 5 FR # DEFINITION 5 Fixed ration schedule notation, # refers to how many responses given before reinforcement. TERM 6 Stretching the Ratio DEFINITION 6 moving from a low ratio requirement (dense schedule) to a high ratio requirement (a lean schedule). should be done gradually to avoid a ratio strain or burnout TERM 7 Variable Ratio Schedules DEFINITION 7 reinforcement is contingent upon a varying, unpredictable number of responses. they generally produce a high and steady rate of response with little or no post-reinforcement pause. this schedule can be responsible for gambling addiction or harassing phone calls TERM 8 Fixed Interval Schedules DEFINITION 8 reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a fixed, predictable period of time. Response consist of a post- reinforcement pause followed by a gradually increasing rate of response as the interval draws to a close TERM 9 Variable Interval Schedule DEFINITION 9 reinforcement is contingent upon the first response after a varying, unpredictable period of time. They produce a moderate, steady response with little or no post- reinforcement pause. TERM 10 Duration Schedules DEFINITION 10 reinforcement is contingent on performing a behavior continuously throughout a period of time TERM 21 Superstitious Behavior DEFINITION 21 noncontingent reinforcement may account for some forms of superstitious behavior. behaviors may be accidentally reinforced by the conincidental presentation of reinforcements. an attempt to make an unpredictable situation more predictable TERM 22 Complex Schedules of Reinforcement DEFINITION 22 a combination of 2 or more simple schedules, they include: conjunctive schedules, adjusting schedules, chained schedules TERM 23 Conjunctive Schedule DEFINITION 23 the requirements of 2 or more simple schedules must be met before a reinforcer is delivered. TERM 24 Adjusting Schedule DEFINITION 24 the response requirement changes as a function of the organisms' performance while responding for the previous reinforcer. Shaping usually works on an adjusting schedules where gradually more is required to receive the reinforcer TERM 25 Chained Schedule DEFINITION 25 a sequence of 2 or more simple schedules, each of which has its own Sd and the last of which results in a terminal reinforcer TERM 26 Backward Chaining DEFINITION 26 work backwards. each stimulus is both a secondary reinforcer for the previous behavior and a discriminative stimulus for the next behavior. ex. circus and marine animal training TERM 27 Discrimination Hypothesis DEFINITION 27 it is harder to discriminate between extinction and an intermittent schedule than between extinction and continuous reinforcement TERM 28 Sequential Hypothesis DEFINITION 28 each response is followed by a cue: reinforcement or nonreinforcement TERM 29 Drive Reduction Theory DEFINITION 29 an event is reinforcing to the extent that it is associated with a reduction in some type of physiological drive TERM 30 The Premack Principle DEFINITION 30 states that a high-probabiltiy behavior can be used to reinforce a low-probability behavior. reinforcement is a sequence of 2 behaviors: 1. the behavior being reinforced followed by, 2 the behavior that is the reinforcer. TERM 31 Response Deprivation Hypothesis DEFINITION 31 states that a behavior can serve as a reinforced when: access to the behavior is restricted and its frequency thereby falls below its preferred level of occurrence. preferred level is baseline level of occurence TERM 32 Behavioral Bliss Point Approach DEFINITION 32 an organism with free access to alternative activities will distribute its behavior in such as way as to maximize overall reinforcement