Understanding Psychological Disorders & Therapies: Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Personality Dis, Exams of Psychology

Download Understanding Psychological Disorders & Therapies: Anxiety, Schizophrenia, Personality Dis and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! psychological disorders and therapy psychological disorder - deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns adhd - a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital bio-psycho-social perspective - a contemporary perspective which assumes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders david rosenhan - did study in which healthy patients were admitted to psychiatric hospitals and diagnoses with schizophrenia; showed that once you are diagnosed with a disorder, the label, even when behavior indicates otherwise, is hard to overcome in a mental health setting diathesis-stress model - suggests that a person may be predisposed for a mental disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress dsm-iv-tr - the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated "text revision"; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders. the "un-dsm" - catalog of human strengths, and positive thinking-feeling-action tendencies anxiety disorders - psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety generalized anxiety disorder - an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal panic disorder - an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations panic attack - sudden onset of intense panic in which multiple physical symptoms of stress occur, often with feelings that one is dying phobias - irrational fears of specific objects or situations. agoraphobia - fear of open spaces social phobia - fear of interacting with others or being in social situations that might lead to a negative evaluation obsessive compulsive disorder - Lack of emotional response; no expression of feelings; voice monotonous and face immobile. ex// topic varies, expression does not paranoid schizophrenia - A type of schizophrenia that is dominated by delusions of persecution along with delusions of grandeur. disorganized schizophrenia - type of schizophrenia characterized by severely disturbed thought processes, frequent incoherence, disorganized behavior, and inappropriate affect; disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or inappropriate emotion catatonic schizophrenia - A type of schizophrenia marked by striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity. undifferentiated schizophrenia - a schizophrenic disorder that is characterized by a mixture of symptoms and does not meet the diagnostic criteria of any one type. residual - withdrawal, after hallucinations and delusions have disappeared dopamine hypothesis - Theory that schizophrenia is caused by an excess amount of dopamine in brain. Research has found that medication to reduce dopamine can reduce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. personality disorders - psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. antisocial personality disorder - a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist borderline personality disorder - a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self- image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures avoidant personality disorder - a personality disorder characterized by inhibition in social situations; feelings of inadequacy; oversensitivity to criticism schizoid personality disorder - personality disorder in which they have no interest in relationships with other people, lack emotional responsiveness histrionic personality disorder - a personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality and preoccupation with being the center of attention; emotional shallowness; overly dramatic behavior narcissistic personality disorder - characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success or power, and a need for constant attention or admiration somatoform disorders - conditions marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but that are actually psychological in origin psychological therapy - Reduces tension/anxiety through relaxation, calms nervous system, enhances well being and body awareness biomedical therapy - the use of certain medications to treat or reduce the symptoms of a mental disorder psychotherapy - an emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties eclectic approach - an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy psychoanalysis - A set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders resistance - in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material interpretations - analysts noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight transference - in psychoanalysis, the patient's giving to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships psychodynamic therapy - therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight waving her finger in front of their eyes, supposedly enabling them to unlock and reprocess previously frozen trauma memories light exposure therapy - Treats seasonal affective disorder (SAD); scientifically proven to be effective, exposure to daily doses of intense light. Increases activity in the adrenal gland and the superchiasmatic nucleus. psychopharmacology - the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior. electroconvulsive therapy - a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient rTMS - The application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity. psychosurgery - surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior lobotomy - a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. the procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain rational emotive behavior therapy - treatment where illogical self defeating thoughts are identified and the client is helped to replace them with more realistic and beneficial ones tardive dyskinesia - involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target D2 dopamine receptors retrograde amnesia - loss of memories that were stored before a traumatic event anterograde amnesia - Inability to store new memories after a traumatic event free association - in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing. virtual reality therapy - an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking