Psychological in self, Study notes of Modern History

Download Psychological in self and more Study notes Modern History in PDF only on Docsity! LESSON 4: PSYCHOLOGICAL Wy r VIEW Se OF THE SELF Fi: ee What is Psychology? Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It compasses the biological influences, social pressures and environmental factors that affect how people think, act and feel. Levels of Mental Life Conscious Level 1. ID ■Present at birth ■The seat of all our desires and wants. ■Pleasure Principle ■Goal: Achieve satisfaction NOW! Structure of Personality 2. The Ego ■the only region of the mind in contact with reality. ■Reality Principle ■Goal: Satisfy id’s request reasonably -within the limitations of the environment Structure of Personality - an area of the body that is particularly sensitive to stimulation. Erogenous zone: Psychosexual Stages of Development 1. Oral Stage (0-2 yrs. old) - an infant is primarily motivated to receive pleasure through the mouth. - Erogenous zone: Mouth – Oral personalities:  Over-eating  Excessive drinking  Biting pencils  Putting some objects to their mouth.  Too much talking 2. Anal Stage (2-3 yrs. old) – this period is characterized by satisfaction gained through aggressive behavior and through the excretory function. – Erogenous zone: Anus  Anal retentive personalities: meticulous/perfectionist  Anal expulsive personalities: messy, untidy. Psychosexual Stages of Development 5. Genital Stage (12 yrs. old - onwards) - The individual develops a strong sexual interest in people outside of the family. ■Sexual maturity ■Relationships - Eros remains unchanged Psychosexual Stages of Development Erik Erikson ■Post-Freudian Theory - For Erikson ego is the center of our personality. ■Interrelated aspect of Ego a. Body Ego - refers to experiences with our body b. Ego Ideal – represents the image of ourselves c. Ego Identity - image we have of ourselves in the variety of social roles we play. The Psychosocial Stages of Self-development Stage eee ei eee Ce te set eT Infancy Children develop a sense of trust when (birth to 18 Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding caregivers provide reliability, care, and months) affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust. Children need to develop a sense of personal , ee control over physical skills and a sense of Lee oe Toilet Training independence. Success leads to feelings of ve autonomy. failure results in feelings of shame and doubt. Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this Preschool Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children {3 to 5 years) who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of quilt. Children need to cope with new social and School Age Industry vs. School academic demands. Success leads to a (6 to 11 years) inferiority sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.