Fundamentals of Psychology Statistics, Exams of Psychology

Download Fundamentals of Psychology Statistics and more Exams Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Psychology module 3 mode - the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution mean - the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores median - the middle score in a distribution range - the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution standard deviation - a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score normal curve - the symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes statistical significance - a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance population - a group of people whose behavior is of interest to researchers; from this group, one or more samples are selected for measurement sample - a group of people whose behavior is measured; this group is drawn from a larger population, and the sample results are usually generalized to the population correlation coefficient (r) - a statistic that indicates the precise numerical relationship between two variables; r can range from -1.0 to +1.0 descriptive statistics - numbers calculated from a distribution of scores, indicating the central tendency (average) and the variability (amount of scatter around the average) inferential statistics - numbers calculated from a distribution of scores to provide evidence supporting or opposing a hypothesis null hypothesis - a statistical assumption about the absence of an effect (no difference between two values) p-level - probability of finding a difference that is equal to or greater than what was actually measured, assuming that the null hypothesis is true null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) - way of evaluating results by comparing the observed outcome to what would be expected if the null hypothesis is true confidence interval - a range of scores calculated such that there is a specific probability that the value of interest actually falls within that range