psychology quizzes for 1110 course., Quizzes of Psychology

Download psychology quizzes for 1110 course. and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Chapter % 1 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. The humanistic perspective rejects the view that behavior reflects biological forces, unconscious processes, or the environment. In other words, it rejects the and perspectives, respectively. neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral Noreen asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control. This viewpoint is most consistent with the perspective in psychology. Psychodynamic Race is to ethnicity as is to biology; culture Lassandra takes a sip of cola. "Sweet...cold, wet, tingly ...slightly bitter," she reports. Lassandra is introspecting. To many people who have never taken a psychology course, psychology begins and ends with the perspective Psychodynamic In the context of the psychology of emotion, William James and John Dewey would be most interested in how behavior aids one's adaptation to the environment. As a program manager, Jazmin is required to sit at her computer for long hours working constantly on similar projects. As a result, she has lost all motivation to perform better. In addition, she has developed a negative attitude toward her coworkers and has stopped contributing to team efforts. To help her become a better employee, Jazmin's manager is likely to refer her to a(n industrial psychologist Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood. Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Chen is a(n) ; Dr. Doherty is a(n) developmental psychologist; personality psychologist Identify a true statement about health psy chology Health psychologists are interested in identifying ways to promote behavior that brings about good health. Which of the following is a trend in the near future of psychology? The branches of psychology are likely to be increasingly influenced by neuroscientific approaches. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Rob is a 16-year-old American student; Yoon-Sook is a 16-year-old Asian student. Rob and Yoon-Sook, respectively, are likely to attribute academic success to and . unchanging causes; situational factors Which of the following branches of psychology focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another personality psychology When Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental laboratory devoted to psychological phenomena in 1879, his goal was to study the structures of the mind and their relationship to conscious experience. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Arata loses his wife in a car accident. He is unable to cope with the grief; as a result, he loses his appetite, is unable to sleep, cannot focus at work, and avoids his friends and family. His family together decides that he needs help. Arata's family is likely to refer him to a(n clinical psychologist. Which of the following ideas stands in contrast to the notion that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual? Determinism Which of the following psychologists is associated with the psychodynamic perspective Sigmund Freud Which of the following movements was led by the psychologist William James Functionalism Hugo is a college student. He is unable to cope with the workload. He does not get along with his classmates. He goes to his teacher for advice. Hugo's teacher is likely to refer him to a counseling psychologist Victor works in a university. According to his job description, he is required to help students understand what kind of jobs they are suited for, identify the best learning practices, and resolve problems with their peers. Victor works as a in the university. counseling psychologist Dr. Greenway argues that psychology should focus on observable, measurable behavior. Dr. Cech suggests that psychology should study how people think about and understand the world. Which option below CORRECTLY identifies their respective perspectives Dr. Greenway—behavioral perspective; Dr. Cech—cognitive perspective psychologists concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity Social Unlike clinical psy chology, counseling psychology focuses specifically on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. Which of the following statements is TRUE of the structuralist perspective of psychology The structuralist perspective was supplanted by other views psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language Cognitive As a psychologist, Feng is interested in studying the effects of anxiety on an individual's efforts to deal with a stressful situation. Which of the following perspectives does Feng advocate Functionalism Clinical neuropsy chology focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors Which of the following is true of the cognitive perspective of psychology It has evolved in part from structuralism and in part as a reaction to behaviorism Pablo is taking part in a psychology experiment. He watches two political campaign ads—one highlighting the candidate's positive attributes and another emphasizing the opponent's negative features. During each ad, Pablo's brain is scanned. This experiment is most likely conducted by a neuroscientist 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 65. 66. 67. 69. 70. 71. Which of the following statements conceming the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among American psychologists is TRUE The number of minority members entering the field is higher than it was 10 years ago As a minority, Rwanda works as a clinical psychologist in Atlanta, Georgia. Given the current situation in her field of psychology in the United States, which of the following scenarios is likely to hold true for Rwanda Rwanda is likely to get more female patients belonging to the same ethnic group or race as hers. believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become Locke Which of the following is a contribution of Wilhelm Wundt to the field of psychology He pioneered the approach of structuralism Which of the following statements is true of the diverse subfields of psychology Though they are individually separate and distinct, they all share a common goal of understanding behavior Dr. Quinones studies the achievement motivation of junior high school students. He asserts that such motivation mainly reflects the parenting and educational practices the students have experienced. This statement is most directly related to the issue; Dr. Quinones' position is toward the end of the continuum nature vs. nurture; nurture . in the context of the proportion of psychologists in the United States, which of the following is a true statement Women outnumber men in the field of psychology in the United States. The most common employment sector for students graduating with a bachelor's degree in psychology is social services. The field of phrenology is associated with Gall. What might be the most controversial aspect of the evolutionary psychology position Evolutionary psychologists minimize the role of environmental and social forces. . Driving to work one day, Owen suspects that drivers talking on their cell phones pay less attention to the road than do other drivers. This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a psychologist Cognitive Fiona helps students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) develop effective study regimens and strategies. Fiona is most likely a(n) psychologist Counseling Identify a true statement about structuralism It focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components, states, and activities. During a discussion on the psychological aspects of suicide bombers, Dr. Gerami asserts the role of strong authority figures in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers. However, Dr. Islington proposes the role of internal traits in suicide bombing. Which of the following BEST identifies the subfields in which each of them specializes Dr. Gerami: social psychology; Dr. Islington: personality psychology 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 85. The emphasis of the humanistic perspective is on free will. Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol. Dr. Kurutz is most likely a(n) psychologist Health Identify a true statement about functionalism It focused on the role behavior plays in allowing people to adapt to their environments. One of the arguments presented in Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species is that natural selection leads to the development of traits that enable a species to adapt to its environment. Donna-Lynn is preparing a visual display of psychology's early history. One panel is headed "The Gay '90s." It portrays developments in the 1890s. Another panel is titled "The Roaring '20s." It is devoted to the 1920s. Which theoretical perspectives in psychology should appear in each of these panels Gay '90s: functionalism; Roaring '20s: Gestalt psychology The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatment of obesity, a major public health problem in the area. Dr. Nolan is researching the potential of a drug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus. Dr. Osterman attempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating. Which of the following statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists? Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist. A time travel mishap lands you at one of the first psychology conferences ever held, sometime at the dawn of the 20th century. The graying older scientists slowly losing their grip on the field are most likely whereas the passionate young up-and-comers are probably structuralists; functionalists Assuming Dr. Hart is a clinical neuropsychologist, in which of the following is she likely to be involved? Investigating the relation between depressive disorders and the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain . Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying behavior and mental processes. Which of the following is true of evolutionary psychology? It considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. Which of the following is true of social psychologists? They concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity. Callie works in the field of psychology. All else being equal, the chance of her highest degree being a Master's degree is one-third. . Psychiatrists most often use treatments involving the prescription of drugs. The Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of perception. 86. Individual differences are to universal principles as the perspective is to the perspective humanistic; neuroscience 1 Irving has noticed a pattern: The more alcohol people drink, the more aggressive they seem to be. Which research method is aimed at verifying a relationship between two variables? correlational research 2 In which of the following procedures are participants assigned to different experimental groups on the basis of chance and chance alone? random assignment to condition 3 A positive correlation indicates that as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other increases. 4 Martina is conducting a research study with two groups, namely group A and group B. Group A receives a treatment for severe depression, while group B does not receive any treatment. Group A in Martina's study is the experimental group. 5 Prediction is to explanation what is to . hypothesis; theory 6 Doctors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair correctly identifies a variable in this experiment? caffeine—independent variable 7 Which of the following is an advantage of archival research? Data collection is easy because data already exist. 8 Angel is a psychologist who conducts research studies frequently. If she is currently working on a naturalistic observation study, in which of the following tasks is Angel most likely engaged? recording interactions between middle-level managers in an accountancy firm 9 Statistically meaningful results that make it possible for researchers to feel confident that they have confirmed their hypotheses is known as a significant outcome. 10 Dr. Ingram deliberately varied the presentation of items on a list and later measured participants’ recall of the items. Dr. Ingram conducted research. experimental 11A double-blind procedure is administered to overcome experimenter expectations. 12 Dr. Estevez prepares a set of questions to ask college students about their drinking behavior and their attitudes toward alcohol. Dr. Estevez is undertaking a(n) survey research. 13 Which of the following statements is true about descriptive research? It is designed to systematically investigate a person, group, or pattems of behavior. 14 Iyesha reads a journal article reporting a study in which a small sample of women undertook tests of spatial ability at two points during their menstrual cycle. Iyesha conducts a similar study using not only spatial ability but course at her university. The 200 students constitute Amy's . The people whom she assumes her results will generalize are termed the sample; population 43 Frederico is presenting the outcomes of an experiment he conducted in a talk at a regional psychology conference. Frederico is engaged in the step of the scientific method, namely last; communicating findings 44 In the context of the use of deception, identify the statement that accurately captures the opinion of most psychologists It is sometimes necessary to safeguard a study's true purpose. 45 Why are control groups included in experiments? to ascertain cause-and-effect relationships 46 Which of the following guidelines is true regarding the use of nonhuman animals in experiments? Researchers must minimize discomfort, illness, and pain for the animals. 47 When compared with the theories about human behavior that people generally develop in their daily lives, those formulated by psychologists are more formal. 48 What is a placebo? a false experimental treatment 49 Collection and analysis of data is done in which of the following steps of the scientific method? carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation 50 In a typical Latané and Darley "bystander" experiment, is the independent variable and is the dependent variable. the number of people present; whether the participant helps 51 Which of the following is an advantage of a case study? It provides a thorough, in-depth understanding of participants. 52 Which of the following is the first step in the scientific method? identifying questions of interest 53 Which of the following descriptive research methods is correctly matched with a description? naturalistic observation—behavior is investigated in the environment in which it typically occurs, without intervention by the researcher 54 In an experiment studying the effects of alcohol on social anxiety, alcohol is the variable. independent 55 A placebo minimizes ; a double-blind procedure minimizes participant expectations; experimenter expectations 56 Which of the following is an advantage of survey research? A small sample can be used to infer attitudes and behavior of a larger population. 57 Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events in an experiment? informed consent — experiment — debriefing 58 Which of the following terms is defined as behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way? variables 59 are broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest. Theories 60 Which of the following researchers is carrying out deception? Grace pretends to be a participant in an experiment and does the opposite of what other participants do. 61 The strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables are represented by a mathematical statistic known as a(n) correlation. 62 In an experiment, the independent variable is not determined by the actions of those taking part in the experiment. 63 Joshua, a behavioral psychologist, asks participants to sign a document before beginning his experiment. Joshua also tells them that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can leave the experiment at any time. Joshua is obtaining informed consent. 64 Experimental research is to correlational research what is to cause; association 65 Identify an operational definition of happiness. an individual's self-rating on a 10-point happiness scale 66 Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between a sample and a population? A population includes a sample. 67 Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study? Results may not be generalizable bey ond the sample. 68 According to Bibb Latané and John Darley's theory of the greater the number of bystanders in an emergency situation, the less likely that any single person will come forward to help diffusion of responsibility 69 Experimental research requires that the responses of group(s) be examined. at least two 70 A team of researchers conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug in treating anxiety disorders. The participants in the control group receive sugar pills without active ingredients, while those in the experimental group receive the new, anti-anxiety drug. In this example, the researchers use a placebo 71 An experimenter flips a coin for each participant and assigns the participant to group A when "heads" came up and to group B when "tails" came up. This process is referred to as random assignment to condition. 72 Paul is testing the effectiveness of a new treatment for anxiety disorders. He intends to administer the treatment to a group of participants and measure their levels of anxiety. What should Paul introduce into his research design to rule out factors other than the new treatment in the alleviation of anxiety? a control group 73 Correlation research is research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated. 74 is an in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people. Case study 75 Evelyn, a psychology graduate, watches parent-child interactions in a park. She simply records what she sees and does not make a change in the situation. The method she uses is known as naturalistic observation 76 Maryam is a student of behavioral psychology. She is currently conducting a research study that involves recording instances of physical aggression among children in a schoolyard at recess. Maryam is most likely conducting naturalistic observation. 77 Using a sample of young adolescents, Dr. Nguyen finds a correlation of +.55 between scores on a measure of neglectful or uninvolved parenting and scores on a measure of delinquent behavior. Which of the following might Dr. Nguyen legitimately conclude? Parenting that is more neglectful is related to a higher degree of delinquent behavior. 78 Which term is most nearly synonymous with the term correlation? Association 79 After identifying the question of interest, which is the next step in the scientific method? formulating an explanation 80 Dr. Gigliotti is conducting an in-depth, intensive investigation of a patient with dissociative identity disorder. He uses psychological tests and interviews to better understand the patient. Dr. Gigliotti is undertaking a(n) case study. 81 Identify a shortcoming of survey research. The sample may not be representative of the larger population. 82 Little or no relationship between two variables is represented by zero or a number close to zero. 83 Which of the following types of research offers insights into relationships between variables but cannot determine causality? descriptive and correlational research 84 Kendra is combining the results of a number of experiments to yield an overall conclusion. Kendra is performing a meta-analysis. 85 Which of the following sequences is correct? theory — hypothesis — operational definition 86 Which of the following statements best expresses the relationship between a theory and a hypothesis? A theory is broader than a hypothesis. 87 Experimental group is to control group what is to treatment; no treatment 88 Naturalistic observation entails the researcher simply documenting what occurs. 89 Which of the following statements is accurate about operational definitions? Many operational definitions are usually possible for a given hypothesis. 20 Factors that distort the way the independent variable affects the dependent variable are referred to as experimental bias. 21 Andrea is reading a broad explanation for why some people are more vulnerable to addiction than are others. This reading material also includes several predictions concerning people's vulnerability to addiction. Andrea is reading a(n) theory. 22 Kendra is combining the results of a number of experiments to yield an overall conclusion. Kendra is performing a meta-analysis. 23 Which of the following is true of the cognitive perspective of psychology? It has evolved in part from structuralism and in part as a reaction to behaviorism. 24 Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz is outlining strategies to help adults who have been laid off avoid overeating and the use of drugs or alcohol. Dr. Kurutz is most likely a(n) psychologist. health 25 Which of the following is a contribution of the psychologist B. F. Skinner? He was a pioneer in the field of behavioral perspective. 26 Victor works in a university. According to his job description, he is required to help students understand what kind of jobs they are suited for, identify the best leaming practices, and resolve problems with their peers. Victor works as a in the university. counseling psychologist 27 Which of the following is true of the neuroscience perspective of psy chology? The neuroscience perspective includes the study of heredity and evolution, which considers how heredity may influence behavior. 28 After a research study, the experimenter should debrief the participants. In debriefing, the experimenter provides a detailed explanation of the study. 29 "People with opposite personality traits are more likely to be attracted to each other." This is a(n) hypothesis. 30 Experimental research is to correlational research what is to cause; association 31 Martina is conducting a research study with two groups, namely group A and group B. Group A receives a treatment for severe depression, while group B does not receive any treatment. In this scenario, group B of Martina's study is the control group 32 Which of the following is a reason that college students are often used as participants in psychological research? They cost the researcher very little 33 Paul is testing the effectiveness of a new treatment for anxiety disorders. He intends to administer the treatment to a group of participants and measure their levels of anxiety. What should Paul introduce into his research design to rule out factors other than the new treatment in the alleviation of anxiety? a control group 34 Experimental research requires that the responses of group(s) be examined. at least two 35 In the context of ethical research, identify a component of informed consent in a study. a statement of the potential risks of participating in the study 36 In a study examining the bystander effect in children, researchers looked at three conditions. In which condition were they able to establish that the bystander effect was caused by diffusion of responsibility ? A group of children were in the room, but only one was physically able to help when the adult was in need. 37 Dr. Estevez prepares a set of questions to ask college students about their drinking behavior and their attitudes toward alcohol. Dr. Estevez is undertaking a(n) survey research. 38 in a negative correlation as the value of one variable increases, the value of the other decreases. 39 Little or no relationship between two variables is represented by zero or a number close to zero. 40 A double-blind procedure is administered to overcome experimenter expectations. 41 What is a placebo? a false experimental treatment 42 Using a sample of young adolescents, Dr. Nguyen finds a correlation of +.55 between scores on a measure of neglectful or uninvolved parenting and scores on a measure of delinquent behavior. Which of the following might Dr. Nguyen legitimately conclude? Parenting that is more neglectful is related to a higher degree of delinquent behavior. 43 Correlation research is research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated. 44 The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatment of obesity, a major public health problem in the area. Dr. Nolan is researching the potential of a drug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus. Dr. Osterman attempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating. Which of the following statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists? Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist. 45 Matias, a five-year-old, has just started preschool. As a preschooler, he must get used to being away from his parents for a few hours and being around other children and adults. His parents feel that this change may be difficult for him. A psychologist studying Matias's case is likely to belong to the field of developmental psychology. 46 Driving to work one day, Owen suspects that drivers talking on their cell phones pay less attention to the road than do other drivers. This hypothesis would most likely be tested by a psychologist. cognitive 47 Lukas is unhappy with the way he is being treated at work. He plans to quit as he believes his boss is undermining his efforts. His colleague, Marie, encourages him to examine his assumptions, evaluate the situation, and think more carefully about his decisions. In this scenario, which of the following approach is Marie encouraging Lukas to employ to make an informed decision? critical thinking 48 The 150th anniversary of a historic event will be commemorated at the American Psychological Association in the year 2029. Which of the following events is being commemorated? Wundt's operation of the first psychology laboratory, 1879 49 In an experiment, which of the following statements is true about the dependent variable? It is measured by the researcher and is expected to change. 50 Joshua, a behavioral psychologist, asks participants to sign a document before beginning his experiment. Joshua also tells them that their participation is completely voluntary and that they can leave the experiment at any time. Joshua is obtaining informed consent. 51 Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables? —.75 52 Which of the following guidelines is true regarding the use of nonhuman animals in experiments? Researchers must minimize discomfort, illness, and pain for the animals. 53 Evelyn, a psychology graduate, watches parent-child interactions in a park. She simply records what she sees and does not make a change in the situation. The method she uses is known as naturalistic observation. 54 A placebo minimizes ; a double-blind procedure minimizes participant expectations; experimenter expectations 55 Angel is a psychologist who conducts research studies frequently. If she is currently working on a naturalistic observation study, in which of the following tasks is Angel most likely engaged? recording interactions between middle-level managers in an accountancy firm 56 Research in which existing data, such as census documents, college records, and newspaper clippings, are examined to test a hypothesis is known as archival research. 57 Which of the following is an advantage of a case study? It provides a thorough, in-depth understanding of participants. 58 Doctors Chase and Sanborn are conducting an experiment on the effects of caffeine on memory. Participants are randomly assigned to a caffeine or a no-caffeine group; their recall of items on a word list is later assessed. Which pair below correctly names and identifies the variables in this experiment? word recall—dependent variable; caffeine—independent variable 59 Emma is the sole eaming member of her family. She wants to study further but is forced to give up on her dreams to support her family. Which of the following ideas explains Emma's behavior? determinism 60 Unlike clinical psychology, counseling psychology focuses specifically on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. 61 The neuroscience perspective considers how people and nonhumans function biologically. 62 Which of the following psychologists is associated with the psychodynamic perspective? Sigmund Freud 63 Which of the following defines the term "research"? a systematic inquiry aimed at the discovery of new knowledge identifying questions of interest for research based on prior research findings 93 Mark is a criminal psychologist. For a study, he is using newspaper clippings that are available in a federal database. Mark is conducting a(n) archival research study. 94 In Dr. Suarez's social psychology lab, some college students taking part in the research suspect that interpersonal attraction processes are under study. This knowledge influences the way they interact with each other. In a play session during a child development study, Dr. Thomas' research assistants are more likely to unconsciously reinforce aggressive behavior among children who view a violent video clip than among children viewing a nonviolent clip. Dr. Suarez's research is susceptible to expectations. Dr. Thomas' work is prone to participant; experimenter expectations 95 Dr. Ingram deliberately varied the presentation of items on a list and later measured participants' recall of the items. Dr. Ingram conducted research. experimental 96 Identify a true statement about structuralism. It focused on uncovering the fundamental mental components, states, and activities. 97 The phrase tabula rasa may be translated as blank slate. 98 Which of the following statements is true about archival research? Archival research is relatively inexpensive to conduct. 99 After identifying the question of interest, which is the next step in the scientific method? formulating an explanation 100 Which of the following types of research offers insights into relationships between variables but cannot determine causality? descriptive and correlational research 101 Identify a shortcoming of survey research. The sample may not be representative of the larger population. 102 In the context of the use of deception, identify the statement that accurately captures the opinion of most psychologists It is sometimes necessary to safeguard a study's true purpose. 103 Which of the following sequences best reflects the order of events in an experiment? informed consent — experiment — debriefing 104 Before participating in an experiment, the participants must sign a document affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study and are aware of what their participation will involve, what risks the experiment may hold, and the fact that their participation is purely voluntary and they may terminate it at any time. This refers to which ethical principle of research? informed consent 105 To guard against participant expectations biasing the results of an experiment, the experimenter may try to disguise the true purpose of the experiment. 106 Which of the following researchers is carrying out deception? Grace pretends to be a participant in an experiment and does the opposite of what other participants do. 107 is an in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people. Case study 108 The Gestalt psychologists made substantial contribution to our understanding of perception. 109 Psy chology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 110 Which of the following is true of behavioral genetics? It focuses on the biological mechanisms that enable inherited behavior to unfold. 111 The humanistic perspective rejects the view that behavior reflects biological forces, unconscious processes, or the environment. In other words, it rejects the and perspectives, respectively. neuroscience; psychodynamic; behavioral 112 Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study? Results may not be generalizable beyond the sample. 113 A team of researchers conduct an experiment to test the effectiveness of a new drug in treating anxiety disorders. The participants in the control group receive sugar pills without active ingredients, while those in the experimental group receive the new, anti-anxiety drug. In this example, the researchers use a placebo. 114 The field of phrenology is associated with Gall 115 Identify a true statement about health psychology. Health psychologists are interested in identifying ways to promote behavior that brings about good health. 116 In which of the following scenarios is a scientific explanation being provided to explain a phenomenon? When asked if violent video games have an impact on players, Dr. Lee replies that there is substantial empirical evidence to suggest a change in the gamers' behavior. 117 In the context of the proportion of psychologists in the United States, which of the following is a true statement? Women outnumber men in the field of psychology in the United States 118 Which of the following movements was led by the psychologist William James? Functionalism 119 Which of the following is a trend in the near future of psychology? The branches of psy chology are likely to be increasingly influenced by neuroscientific approaches. 120 Arata loses his wife in a car accident. He is unable to cope with the grief; as a result, he loses his appetite, is unable to sleep, cannot focus at work, and avoids his friends and family. His family together decides that he needs help. Arata's family is likely to refer him to a(n) clinical psychologist. 121 Naturalistic observation entails the researcher simply documenting what occurs. 122 Which of the following sequences correctly arranges the steps in the scientific method from first to last? identify problem — formulate explanation — carry out research — communicate findings 123 Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the difference between PhD and the PsyD degrees? A PhD requires a dissertation based on an original investigation. 124 Which of the following is true of clinical neuropsy chology? It builds on advances in the human understanding of the structure and chemistry of the brain. 125 believed that children were born into the world with minds like "blank slates" and that their experiences determined what kind of adults they would become. Locke 126 Which term is most nearly synonymous with the term correlation? association 127 Matteo, a psychologist, is conducting a study with children and adolescents as participants. However, he is using the same procedures and settings as that of an earlier study that was conducted on adults. He is doing this to increase confidence in prior findings. From the information given in this scenario, it can be said that Matteo is engaged in replicated research. 128 Callie works in the field of psychology. All else being equal, the chance of her highest degree being a Master's degree is one-third. 129 Pablo is taking part in a psychology experiment. He watches two political campaign ads—one highlighting the candidate's positive attributes and another emphasizing the opponent's negative features. During each ad, Pablo's brain is scanned. This experiment is most likely conducted by a neuroscientist. social 130 Psychiatrists most often use treatments involving the prescription of drugs. 131 Felix's research focuses on an adolescent who committed a mass murder at his school. Felix uses data from the adolescent's school and medical records and interviews the adolescent's friends, family, and teachers. Which type of research is Felix engaged in? case study 132 Which of the following sequences of correlation coefficients correctly arranges the relationships between three pairs of two variables in order of increasing strength? +.10, +.50, -.60 133 Why are control groups included in experiments? to ascertain cause-and-effect relationships 134 Collection and analysis of data is done in which of the following steps of the scientific method? carrying out research designed to support or refute the explanation 135 Which of the following is true of social psychologists? They concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity. 136 Dr. Lin and Dr. Marino both study obesity. Dr. Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to levels of the trait of neuroticism—the tendency to experience upsetting emotions. Dr. Marino relates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone, with family members, or in the presence of larger groups of friends, acquaintances, or strangers. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE regarding the subfields in which the researchers specialize? Marino is a social psy chologist. 137 In which of the following ways is a sample population of college students different from the general population it is implicitly intended to represent?